Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Anter

• Hōʻike Overview
• He aha ke kumu?
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis vs. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
• Ka lawe ʻana a me nā ʻōuli
• ʻO wai ka pilikia?
• Pehea ia ʻike?
• He aha kāu e hana ai e hōʻemi i ka hōʻike
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Hōʻike Overview

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. maʻi kō) he maʻi koʻohune e kumu i ka maʻi kō (TB) i loko o kānaka. He maʻi ʻo TB e hoʻopili nui i nā akemāmā, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hoʻolahalaha nui ia e like me ke anuanu a me ka flu - ma o nā kulu wai lele kipaku ʻia mai kahi kanaka me ka maʻi lele TB.

Ke hanu ʻia, hiki i ka maʻi bacteria ke noho i loko o nā akemāmā, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e ulu. Inā mālama ʻole ʻia, hiki ke pālahalaha i nā wahi e like me nā puʻupaʻa, ka iwi kuamoʻo, a me ka lolo. Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

Wahi a ka, ʻoi aku ma mua o 9,000 mau hihia hou o ka TB i hōʻike ʻia ma United States i 2017.

He aha ke kumu?

Miliona o ka poʻe i awa M. maʻi kō. Wahi a ka, hapaha o ka heluna nui o ka honua e hāpai i ka maʻi koʻohune, akā ʻaʻole maʻi lākou āpau.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka poʻe e hāpai ana i ka maʻi bacteria e hoʻomohala maoli i kahi hihia o ka tuberculosis maʻi, lele i ko lākou ola. Hana maʻamau kēlā inā ʻinoʻino nā māmā mai nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD) a me cystic fibrosis a i ʻole ka puhipaka.

Hoʻonui maʻalahi ka poʻe i ka TB ke hoʻonāwaliwali kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO nā mea e mālama nei i ka chemotherapy no ka maʻi ʻaʻai, no ka laʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV, loaʻa paha nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali. Hōʻike ka CDC he make ka TB no ka poʻe me ka maʻi HIV.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis vs. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

ʻOiai ʻelua M. maʻi kō a Mycobacterium avium hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hana i ka maʻi lolo, pinepine me nā ʻōuli like, ʻaʻole like lākou.

M. maʻi kō kumu TB. Hoʻokumu paha ʻo MAC i kekahi manawa i nā maʻi lolo, e like me ka maʻi maʻi mau o nā akemāmā, akā ʻaʻole ia he kumu no ka TB. He ʻāpana ia o kahi hui bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo NTM (mycobacteria nontubercious).

M. maʻi kō hohola ʻia i ka lewa. ʻO MAC ka maʻi bacteria i loaʻa ma mua i ka wai a me ka lepo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa iā ia ke inu ʻoe a holoi paha me ka wai haumia a lawelawe paha i ka lepo a ʻai paha i ka meaʻai me nā ʻāpana MAC-i loaʻa ma luna.

Ka lawe ʻana a me nā ʻōuli

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi M. maʻi kō ke hanu ʻoe i loko o nā droplet kipaku ʻia mai kahi kanaka me kahi maʻi TB koʻikoʻi. Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻo:

• ʻūhā maikaʻi ʻole
• e kahe ana ke koko
• ʻeha ma ka umauma
• fiva
• luhi
• puhū pō
• Kaumaha emi

Hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa ka maʻi koʻohune akā ʻaʻohe ona ʻōuli. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole lākou e lele. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi ʻo TB latent.

Wahi a kahi noiʻi 2016, 98 pākēneka o nā hihia i lawe ʻia mai ka puʻu o ke kanaka me ka maʻi ahulau. Hiki i kēia mau droplets ke lilo i ea i ka wā e honi a ʻōlelo paha kekahi.

TB, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hopu. Wahi a ka CDC, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi iā ia mai ka lūlū lima ʻana, e inu ana i ke kīʻaha like, a i ʻole e hele ana i kahi kanaka me TB e ʻeha ana.

Akā, ua pāhola ʻia ka maʻi bacteria me ka hoʻopili lōʻihi aku. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke kaʻanalike ʻana i kahi home a i kahi kaʻa kaʻa lōʻihi paha me kekahi me kahi maʻi maʻi hiki ke alakaʻi iā ʻoe e hopu iā ia.

ʻO wai ka pilikia?

ʻOiai ʻo ka tuberculosis ma ke kahuli o ka United States, mamao loa ia mai ka luku ʻia. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana nāwaliwali a i ʻole nā ​​mumū kahi mea weliweli no ka hoʻomohala TB.

He mea weliweli pū kekahi ia i hōʻike koke ʻia i ka TB. Hōʻike ka CDC e pili ana i nā hihia TB ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma muli o ka lawe hou ʻana.

Wahi a ka, nā mea i hōʻike ākea ʻia e pili pū me:

• he pilina pili loa o kekahi me ka maʻi TB
• kahi kanaka e hana ana a noho pū paha me ka poʻe e makaʻala nui ana i ka maʻi TB (ʻo ia hoʻi nā poʻe e hana ana i nā haukapila, nā hale hoʻomaha ʻole, a i ʻole nā ​​hale hoʻoponopono)
• kahi kanaka i neʻe mai kahi ʻāpana o ka honua me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi TB
• kahi keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 5 me kahi hōʻike TB maikaʻi

Pehea ia ʻike?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o ka TB a i ʻole he pilikia paha kāu, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua e nānā no ka hōʻike ʻana i M. maʻi kō. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke hoʻopili:

• Hōʻike ʻili ʻo Mantoux tuberculin (TST). Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi protein i kapa ʻia ka tuberculin ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka lima. Inā ua hele a maʻi ʻoe M. maʻi kō, kahi hanana i loko o 72 mau hola o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻike.
• Hōʻike koko. Ana kēia i kāu hopena pale i M. maʻi kō.

Hōʻike wale kēia mau hoʻāʻo inā ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka maʻi koʻohune TB, ʻaʻole inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hihia hana o ka TB. E hoʻoholo e kauoha paha kāu kauka:

• X-ray umauma. ʻAe kēia i ke kauka e ʻimi no nā ʻano hoʻololi hoʻololi māmā i hana ʻia e TB.
• Moʻomeheu Sputum. ʻO Sputum kahi mucus a me kahi lawaiʻa lawehala ʻia mai kou mau māmā.

He aha kāu e hana ai e hōʻemi i ka hōʻike

Kanaka - ʻo ka poʻe nō hoʻi i ke olakino maikaʻi - ka huehue a me ka sneeze. I mea e hōʻemi ai i kāu makaʻu o ka loaʻa M. maʻi kō a me kahi pūʻali o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā koʻohune, e hāhai i kēia mau kulekele:

• E mālama i kou olakino. ʻAi i kahi papaʻai momona, kaulike kaulike. Hiamoe ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau hola i ka pō. E kiʻi i ka hoʻoikaika kino maʻamau.
• E mālama pono i kou home a me kou keʻena. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i nā droplets kipaku ʻia.
• Sneeze a peʻa i loko o kahi aʻa. E aʻo i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hana pū kekahi.

E noʻonoʻo pū e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau vaccine TB. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka mea e pale aku i ka loaʻa TB a pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o TB i ka poʻe i hōʻike ākea ʻia.

Eia nō naʻe, he loli nui ka hopena o ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo TB, a ma nā ʻāina kūkulu he nui ʻole ka tuberculosis, ʻaʻohe kumu e loaʻa ai.

E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia. Inā ʻoe e hele ana i kahi me ka nui o ka TB, a i ʻole ke hōʻike mau ʻia iā ia, kūpono paha ia.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Wahi a ka CDC, ua luku ka TB i ka poʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa i ka wā mua o ka makahiki 1900. Laki, ua hoʻololi ʻia. I kēia mau lā, maʻi me M. maʻi kō kākaʻikahi ka poʻe olakino i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Hāʻawi ia i kahi pōpilikia koʻikoʻi no ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana pale a me nā māmā i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia e ka maʻi a i ʻole ka pōʻino kaiapuni. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu i nā limahana olakino.

Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia ke koʻohuna i kekahi kanaka ma o ka inhalation o nā droplets i maʻi ʻia. Hiki nō hoʻi ke loaʻa i kahi maʻi ke hele ka bacteria i loko o nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​membrane mucus.

ʻO ka maʻi i M. maʻi kō hana hiki ke make. Akā i kēia lā, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi - me nā antibiotic isoniazid a me rifampin - hāʻawi i ka lāʻau kūpono.