Meningitis i nā pēpē

Anter

• Nā ʻōuli o ka meningitis i nā pēpē
• Nā kumu o ka meningitis i nā pēpē
• Meningitis Viral
• Meningitis koʻohune
• Meningitis fungal
• ʻIke o ka meningitis i nā pēpē
• Iapaau ana o ka meningitis i loko o nā pēpē
• Meningitis Viral
• Meningitis koʻohune
• Meningitis fungal
• Kāohi i ka meningitis i nā pēpē
• Meningitis Viral
• Meningitis koʻohune
• Meningitis fungal
• Nā hopena a me ka nānā lōʻihi

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO ka meningitis ka mumū o nā membrane ʻekolu (meninges) e kū ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

ʻOiai hiki i ka meningitis ke hoʻopili i nā poʻe o nā makahiki, nā pēpē ma lalo o 2 i ka makaʻu nui loa i ka loaʻa ʻana i ka meningitis. Hiki i kāu pēpē ke loaʻa i ka meningitis ke hele ka bacteria, nā virus, a i ʻole ka fungus e hele i kahi ʻāpana o ko lākou kino i ke kahe o ke koko i ko lākou lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

Ma waho o nā hānau hānau ola he 1,000, ma kahi o 0.1 a 0.4 neonates (kahi pēpē ma lalo o 28 mau lā) e loaʻa i ka meningitis, kuhi ʻia he loiloi 2017. He kūlana koʻikoʻi ia, akā 90 pakeneka o kēia mau pēpē e ola nei. ʻO nā memo haʻawina like ma nā wahi āpau mai 20 a 50 pakeneka o lākou i loaʻa i nā pilikia lōʻihi, e like me nā pilikia aʻo a me nā pilikia ʻike.

ʻAno pinepine ʻole ia, akā ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā lāʻau āpau e kūʻē i ka meningitis bacteria i hōʻemi loa i ka nui o nā pēpē e loaʻa ana.

Ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lāʻau vaccine pneumococcal, loaʻa i ka meningitis pneumococcal, hōʻike ʻia e nā Kikowaena no ka Makuahine a me ka Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi (CDC). Mai ka makahiki 2002 a hiki i ka 2007, ke hoʻohana mau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, aia ma kahi o 8 mai 100,000 mau pēpē makahiki 1 a 23 mau mahina i loaʻa i kekahi ʻano meningitis bacteria.

Nā ʻōuli o ka meningitis i nā pēpē

Hiki ke hōʻea mai nā ʻōuli o ka meningitis me ka wikiwiki. He paʻakikī paha kāu pēpē e hōʻoluʻolu, keu hoʻi ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i loko o kahi pēpē e komo pū paha:

• ke ulu nei i ke kuni kiʻekiʻe
• ʻaʻole ʻai maikaʻi
• ka luaʻi
• ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana a ikaika paha ma mua o ka maʻamau
• hiamoe nui a paʻakikī paha e ala aʻe
• ʻoi aku ka huhū ma mua o ka maʻamau
• ʻōhū o ka wahi palupalu ma luna o ko lākou poʻo (ka fontanel)

Pākuʻi paha nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e ʻike i ka pēpē, e like me:

• ʻeha poʻo poʻo
• ʻoʻoleʻa ʻāʻī
• ʻike i ke kukui ʻōlinolino

I kekahi manawa, loaʻa ka pēpē i kahi pēpē. ʻO nā manawa he nui kēia no ke kuni kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻole ka meningitis ponoʻī.

Nā kumu o ka meningitis i nā pēpē

ʻO ke koʻohune, nā virus, a i ʻole ka fungus e hiki ke kumu i ka meningitis i ka pēpē.

ʻO ka meningitis Viral ka lōʻihi o ke kumu o ka meningitis. Mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lāʻau āpau e pale aku ai i ka meningitis bacteria, ua lilo kēia ʻano meningitis i mea maʻamau ʻole. Kākaʻikahi ka fungal meningitis.

Meningitis Viral

ʻO ka meningitis Viral ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi e like me ka bacterial a i ʻole ka fungal meningitis, akā ʻo kekahi mau mea maʻi ke kumu i kahi maʻi nui. ʻO nā mea ʻino maʻamau e hana maʻamau i nā maʻi akahai e:

• ʻO nā enteroviruses non-polio. ʻO kēia mau mea maʻi ke kumu o ka nui o nā hihia o ka meningitis viral i United States. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā ʻano maʻi he nui, e like me ke anu. Hoʻohui ka hapa nui o ka poʻe iā lākou, akā he kakaikahi ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka meningitis. Hoʻolahalaha nā virus i ka wā e hoʻopili ai kāu pēpē me ka pahu maʻi i loaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​huna ʻana o ka waha.
• Influenza. ʻO kēia virus ke kumu o ka maʻi flu. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma o ka launa ʻana me nā huna ʻana mai ka akemāha a i ʻole ka waha o kahi kanaka i loaʻa pū me ia.
• ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻi ʻoki a me nā mumps. ʻO ka meningitis kahi pilikia paʻakikī o kēia mau maʻi lele loa. Hoʻolahalaha maʻalahi lākou ma o ka pili ʻana i nā huna maʻi mai nā akemāmā a me ka waha.

ʻO nā virus e hiki ke kumu i ka meningitis nui loa me:

• ʻO Varicella. Hoʻokumu kēia virus i ka maʻi maʻi moa. Hoʻolahalaha maʻalahi ʻia e ka launa ʻana me kekahi kanaka i loaʻa pū me ia.
• ʻO ka maʻi herpes simplex. Loaʻa pinepine kahi pēpē iā ia mai kā lākou makuahine i loko o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole i ka wā hānau.
• Virus Nile Komohana. Hoʻouna ʻia kēia e ka nahu makika.

ʻO nā keiki ma lalo o 5, me nā pēpē, loaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meningitis viral. ʻO nā pēpē ma waena o ka hānau ʻana a me 1 mau makahiki o ka makahiki e hoʻomōhala aʻe i kahi maʻi viral koʻikoʻi.

Meningitis koʻohune

I nā lā mua 28 o ke ola, hana pinepine ʻia ka meningitis bacteria e nā bacteria i kapa ʻia:

• Pūʻulu B ʻO Streptococcus.Hoʻolahalaha kēia mai ka makuahine a hiki i kāna pēpē i ka wā hānau.
• Gram-maikaʻi bacilli, e like me ʻO Escherichia coli (E. coli) a Klebsiella pneumoniae.E. coli hiki ke pālahalaha ma o nā meaʻai haumia, nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e kekahi nāna i hoʻohana i ka lua make me ka holoi ʻole ʻana i ko lākou mau lima ma hope, a mai ka makuahine a pēpē paha i ka wā hānau.
• Listeria monocytogenes.Loaʻa nā neonates i kēia mai kā lākou makuahine i ka ʻōpū. ʻO kekahi manawa loaʻa i kahi pēpē i ka wā hānau. Loaʻa ka makuahine iā ia ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai haumia.

I nā keiki ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki, me nā pēpē i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mau mahina, ʻo ka maʻi bacteria maʻamau i kumu ʻia ka meningitis:

• ʻO Streptococcus pneumoniae. ʻIke ʻia kēia bacteri i loko o nā sinus, ihu, a me nā akemāmā. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma o ka hanu ʻana i ka ea a kahi kanaka i pānaʻi ʻia me ia i sneeze ai i ʻānai ʻia ai i loko. ʻO ia ke kumu maʻamau o ka meningitis bacteria i nā pēpē ma mua o 2 mau makahiki.
• Neisseria meningitidis. ʻO kēia ka lua o nā kumu maʻamau o ka maʻi bacteria. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia ma o ka pili ʻana i nā huna ʻana mai nā ake māmā a i ʻole ka waha o kahi kanaka i loaʻa pū me ia. ʻO nā pēpē ma lalo o 1 mau makahiki ka makaʻu nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia.
• Haemophilus influenzaeʻano b (Hib). Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā mea huna mai ka waha o kahi kanaka lawe. ʻAʻole maʻi nā mea halihali o nā koʻohune iā lākou iho akā hiki iā ʻoe ke maʻi. Pono e pili pili loa kahi pēpē me kahi mea lawe no ʻelua mau lā e kiʻi ai. ʻOiai ʻo ia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pēpē e lilo i mau halihali a ʻaʻole loaʻa i ka meningitis.

Meningitis fungal

Kākaʻikahi loa ka meningitis fungal no ka mea maʻamau ka mea pili wale i ka poʻe me ka ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali.

Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano fungi ke hana i ka meningitis. Noho ʻekolu mau ʻano fungus i ka lepo, a noho kekahi ʻano a puni ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā lepo manu. Komo ka fungus i ke kino e ka hanu ʻana.

ʻO nā pēpē i hānau ʻia ma mua o ke kaupaona ʻole i ka nui o ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi koko mai kahi fungus i kapa ʻia Candida. Hoʻopaʻa ka pēpē i kēia fungus i ka haukapila ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke hele i ka lolo, e loaʻa ai ka meningitis.

ʻIke o ka meningitis i nā pēpē

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ke hōʻoia i ke kuhi o ka meningitis a hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o nā meaola. Loaʻa i nā hoʻāʻo:

• Nā moʻomeheu koko. Hoʻolahalaha ke koko mai ka aa o kāu pēpē ma nā papa kūikawā i ulu pono nā bacteria, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a i ʻole ka fungus. Inā ulu kekahi mea, ʻo ia nō paha ke kumu o ka maningitis.
• Nā hoʻāʻo koko. E kālailai ʻia kekahi o nā koko i lawe ʻia i loko o kahi lab no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.
• Pahu lumbar. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua i ka ʻaoʻao kuamoʻo. Wehe a hoʻāʻo ʻia kekahi wai e hoʻopuni ana i ka lolo o kāu pēpē a me ka iwi kuamoʻo. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ia i nā papa kuʻuna e ʻike ai inā ulu kekahi mea.
• CT scan. Loaʻa paha i kāu kauka kahi CT scan o ke poʻo o kāu pēpē e ʻike inā aia he ʻeke o ka maʻi, i kapa ʻia he abscess.

Iapaau ana o ka meningitis i loko o nā pēpē

Pili ka lāʻau no ka meningitis i ke kumu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pēpē me kekahi ʻano o ka meningitis viral me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau.

Eia nō naʻe, e lawe mau i kāu pēpē i ke kauka i ka wā hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he meningitis. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke maopopo he aha ka mea e hana ai a hiki i ka wā e hana ai kāu kauka i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua no ka mea like nā hōʻailona me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.

Ke pono, pono e hoʻomaka koke ka mālama ʻana no kahi hopena maikaʻi.

Meningitis Viral

ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, meningitis ma muli o ka enteroviruses non-polio, influenza, a me nā mumps a me nā maʻi virus he maʻi māmā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o nā keiki ʻōpio i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi pēpē i loaʻa iā ia i loko o 10 mau lā me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau.

ʻO ka meningitis e nā virus ʻē aʻe, e like me varicella, herpes simplex, a me West Nile virus, hiki ke koʻikoʻi. Pono paha kēia e hopohopo i kāu pēpē a mālama ʻia me ka lāʻau antiviral intravenous (IV).

Meningitis koʻohune

Hoʻohana ʻia nā antibiotic e mālama i ka meningitis bacteria. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia lākou ma o ka IV. E noho paha kāu pēpē i ka haukapila.

Meningitis fungal

Mālama ʻia nā maʻi fungal me ka lāʻau antifungal IV. E mālama paha kāu pēpē i ka haukapila no hoʻokahi mahina a ʻoi paha. ʻO kēia no ka mea paʻakikī nā maʻi fungal e hoʻopau.

Kāohi i ka meningitis i nā pēpē

Hiki i nā ʻōkuhi ke pale aku i nā mea he nui, akā ʻaʻole ka, nā ʻano meningitis ke hāʻawi ʻia e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka. ʻAʻohe 100 pakeneka i kūpono, no laila ʻo nā pēpē i lāʻau āpau hiki ke loaʻa i ka meningitis.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai aia kekahi "lāʻau lapaʻau meningitis," no hoʻokahi ʻano kikoʻī meningitis bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo meningococcal meningitis. Paipai ʻia ia no nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia i nā pēpē.

I kekahi mau ʻāina e like me ke Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻIa, loaʻa pinepine nā pēpē i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau meningitis.

Meningitis Viral

ʻO nā maʻi āpau e kūʻē i nā virus i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka meningitis:

• Influenza. Pale kēia i ka meningitis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi flu. Hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻomaka ana i 6 mau makahiki o kona makahiki. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā pēpē ʻōpio i kēia lāʻau āpau, hāʻawi ia i ka pale ke pale ʻia nā lālā ʻohana a me nā mea e kokoke ana i kāu pēpē.
• ʻO Varicella. Pale aku kēia lāʻau koʻokoʻo mai ka moa. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mea mua i ka piha ʻana o kāu pēpē i 12 mau makahiki.
• ʻLespala, mumps, rubella (MMR). Inā loaʻa i kāu pēpē ka maʻi ʻula a me nā ʻāʻī, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka meningitis. Pale aku kēia lāʻau hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēlā mau virus. Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau mua ma ka 12 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.

Meningitis koʻohune

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale aku i nā maʻi hiki ke alakaʻi i ka meningitis bacteria i nā pēpē:

• Haemophilus influenzae kikokiko ʻaʻano b (Hib) lāʻau āpau. Pale kēia i ka H. influenza koʻohune. I nā ʻāina kūkulu, e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aneane hoʻopau kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia ʻano meningitis. Pale ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi pēpē mai ka loaʻa ʻana i ka meningitis a mai ka lilo ʻana i mea lawe. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā halihali ke alakaʻi i ka pale o ka pua. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo ʻoiai ʻo nā pēpē ʻaʻole i hoʻōla ʻia i loaʻa kahi pale no ka mea ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi lākou e launa me ka mea lawe. Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau mua ma 2 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.
• Pākuʻi Pocococcal (PCV13). Pale kēia i ka meningitis ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano o ʻO Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau mua ma 2 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.
• Lāʻau lapaʻau Meningococcal. Pale aku kēia lāʻau āpau Neisseria meningitidis. ʻAʻole hāʻawi pinepine ʻia a hiki i ka makahiki 11, ke ʻole he pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka pēpē a i ʻole ke hele nei lākou i nā ʻāina kahi maʻamau ka maʻi bacteria. Inā ʻo ia ka hihia, a laila hāʻawi ʻia e hoʻomaka ana i 2 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.

No ka pūʻulu B strep, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā antibiotic i ka makuahine i ka wā o ka hana e kōkua pale ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pēpē.

Pono nā wahine hāpai e hōʻalo i ka tī i hana ʻia me ka waiū ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia no ka mea he kumu maʻamau ia o Listeria. Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka makuahine mai ka ʻaelike ʻana Listeria a laila hoʻoili iā ia i kāna pēpē.

E hāhai i nā mālama ākea e hōʻalo ai i nā maʻi a kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka makaʻu ʻana i ka meningitis mai nā bacteria a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi paha.

• E holoi pinepine i kou mau lima, keu hoʻi ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka meaʻai a ma hope o:
  • e hoʻohana ana i ka lua
  • ke hoʻololi nei i ka diaper o kāu pēpē
  • ka uhi ʻana i kou waha e wahie a i ʻole ka puʻe
  • puhi nei i kou ihu
  • mālama ʻana i kekahi mea lele paha a maʻi paha
• E hoʻohana i ka hana holoi lima pono. ʻO kēia ka holoi ʻana me ke kopa a me ka wai mehana no 20 kekona. E hōʻoia e holoi i kou mau lima a ma lalo o kou mau kui a me nā apo.
• Uhi i kou waha me ka loko o kou kuʻe lima a i ʻole ke kele i kēlā me kēia manawa ke heʻe a ʻū paha ʻoe. Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i kou lima e uhi, holoi iā ia koke.
• Mai kaʻana like i nā mea i hāpai i ka lawai, e like me ka mauʻu, nā kīʻaha, nā pā, a me nā pono hana. Hōʻalo i ka honi ʻana i ke kanaka maʻi.
• Mai hoʻopā i kou waha a alo paha inā ʻaʻole holoi ʻia kou mau lima.
• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine a hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i nā mea āu e hoʻopā pinepine ai, e like me kāu kelepona, pōkole kamepiula, nā palena mamao, nā puka puka, a me nā mea pāʻani.

Meningitis fungal

ʻAʻohe lāʻau āpau no ka meningitis fungal. ʻAʻole maʻamau nā pēpē i nā wahi e noho nei ka hapa nui o nā fungi, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i ka maningitis fungus.

No ka mea maʻamau e hānai ʻia i ka haukapila, hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau ke pale aku iā a Candida maʻi, i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka meningitis, i nā pēpē māmā haʻahaʻa.

Nā hopena a me ka nānā lōʻihi

ʻO ka Meningitis kahi maʻi maʻamau akā koʻikoʻi, hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. Eia nō naʻe, kokoke e ola hou kahi pēpē ke ʻike ʻia a mālama mua ʻia.

Inā hoʻolohi ʻia ka mālama ʻana, hiki i kahi pēpē ke ola hou, akā e waiho ʻia lākou me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha nā hopena lōʻihi, e like me:

• makapō
• kuli
• ka hopu ʻana
• wai a puni ka lolo (hydrocephalus)
• poino lolo
• nā pilikia aʻo

Kuhi ʻia nā 85 i ka 90 pākēneka o nā kānaka (pēpē a me nā mākua) me ka meningitis ma muli o ke ola ʻana o nā koʻohune meningococcal. Ma kahi o 11 a 19 pākēneka e loaʻa nā hopena lōʻihi.

Weliweli paha kēia, akā kau i kahi ala ʻē aʻe, ma kahi o 80 a 90 paha ka pākēneka o ka poʻe e hoʻōla nei i ka hopena lōʻihi ʻole. Kuhi ʻia ka CDC me ka meningitis ma muli o ke ola o ka pneumococcus.