Ka nānā ʻana iā Melanoma: Wehewehe ʻia ke kahua e wehewehe ana
Anter
- Pehea e kuhikuhi ai nā kauka i ke kahua o melanoma?
- He aha ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho TNM?
- He aha nā pae melanoma a me nā lāʻau i paipai ʻia?
- Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo Preventive no melanoma
Melanoma kau
ʻO Melanoma kahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loaʻa i ka wā e ulu ai nā hunaola maʻi i loko o nā melanocytes, a i ʻole nā hunaola e hoʻohua i ka melanin. ʻO kēia nā hunaola ke kuleana no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻili i kona kala. Hiki i ka Melanoma ke hana ma nā wahi āpau o ka ʻili, ʻoiai i nā maka. ʻOiai he kakaikahi ke ʻano, ʻike nā kauka i kahi helu nui aku o ka poʻe me ka melanoma ma mua o ka wā ma mua.
Inā ua ʻike ʻia kekahi kanaka me ka melanoma, e alakaʻi ke kauka i nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ka melanoma i hoʻolaha ai a me ka nui o ka tumo. E hoʻohana kahi kauka i kēia ʻike e hāʻawi i kahi pae i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Aia he ʻelima pae nui o ka melanoma, mai ke kahua 0 a i ke anuu 4. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena o ka helu, ʻo ka holomua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, hiki i nā kauka a me nā mea maʻi ke hoʻomaopopo pono i kā lākou koho koho a me ka wānana. Hāʻawi ka hoʻonohonoho i kahi kiko kuhikuhi wikiwiki e kōkua i nā kauka e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau a ke kanaka a me ka nānā holoʻokoʻa.
Pehea e kuhikuhi ai nā kauka i ke kahua o melanoma?
Paipai nā kauka i kekahi mau ʻano hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo ai i ka ola a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka melanoma. ʻO nā laʻana o kēia mau ʻano hana:
- ʻImi kino. Hiki i ka Melanoma ke ulu ma nā wahi āpau o ke kino. ʻO kēia ke kumu e koi pinepine ai nā kauka i nā loiloi ʻili o ka ʻili, e laʻa me ke poʻo o ke poʻo a ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. E nīnau paha ke kauka e pili ana i nā loli hou o ka ʻili a i ʻole me nā mole e kū nei.
- CT scan. Kāhea ʻia he scan CAT, hiki i kahi scan CT ke hana i nā kiʻi o ke kino e ʻike ai i nā hōʻailona kūpono o ka maʻi tumola a me ka puʻu.
- Mākēneki resonance kiʻi (MRI) scan NineManga.com Hoʻohana kēia scanner i ka ikehu magnet a me nā nalu uila e hana i nā kiʻi. Hiki i ke kauka ke lawelawe i kahi mea lekiō i ʻike ʻia ʻo gadolinium e hōʻike i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan NineManga.com. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano aʻo kiʻi ʻano like e hoʻāʻo no kahi e hoʻohana nei ke kino i ka glucose (kō kō) no ka ikehu. Ma muli o ka ʻai nui ʻana o nā tumors i ka glucose, hōʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he mau lilelile ma ke kiʻi.
- Hōʻike koko. Hiki i nā poʻe me ka melanoma ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau o ka enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
- ʻO Biopsy. Lawe paha ke kauka i kahi laʻana o kahi lesiona maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā pūnana lymph kokoke.
E noʻonoʻo nā kauka i nā hopena o kēlā me kēia hōʻike i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pae maʻi ʻaʻai.
He aha ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho TNM?
Hoʻohana pinepine nā kauka i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM ʻōnaehana. Hoʻokani kēlā me kēia leka o ka ʻōnaehana TNM i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka tumo.
- ʻO T no ka tumo. ʻO ka nui o kahi tumo i ulu aʻe, ʻo kaʻoi aku o ka holomua o ka tumo. Hāʻawi nā kauka i kahi māka helu T e pili ana i ka nui o ka melanoma. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia kahi T0 o kahi tumo mua, ʻoiai kahi T1 kahi melanoma ʻo 1.0 milimita ka mānoanoa a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o kahi melanoma T4 ma mua o 4.0 millimeter.
- N no nā lymph node. Inā pālahalaha kahi maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi. ʻO kahi NX ke hiki ʻole i ke kauka ke loiloi i nā pona āpana, ʻoiai he N0 ke hiki ʻole i ke kauka ke ʻike i ka maʻi ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā piko ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi hana N3 ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph he nui.
- M no ka metastasized. Inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ʻilihune o ka wānana. ʻO kahi inoa M0 ke ʻaʻohe hōʻike o nā metastases. ʻO kahi M1A ka manawa i metastasize ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka māmā. Eia nō naʻe, he M1C ka wā i palahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā meaola ʻē aʻe.
E hoʻohana nā kauka i ka "helu" mai kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻoholo ai i kahi pae melanoma.
He aha nā pae melanoma a me nā lāʻau i paipai ʻia?
Hōʻike ka papa aʻe i kēlā me kēia pae melanoma a me nā ʻano maʻamau no kēlā me kēia. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia mau mea ma muli o ke olakino olakino o kekahi, ka makahiki, a me kā lākou mau makemake pilikino no ka mālama ʻana.
| 0 | Ua komo wale ka tumo i ka epidermis, a i ʻole ka ʻili o waho loa o ka ʻili. ʻO kekahi inoa no kēia ʻo melanoma in situ. | Lawe pinepine ke kauka i ka tumo a me kekahi mau hunaola a puni ka tumo e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai e hoʻopau loa ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kipa ʻia nā kipa ʻana a me nā loiloi ʻili. |
| 1A | ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka tumo ma mua o 1 milimita mānoanoa a ʻaʻole pālahalaha i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ʻokena. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka ʻili a haki paha ma ka pūnaewele melanoma. | Wehe ʻia ka tumo. Pono e hoʻomau i nā loiloi ʻili maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole pono ka mālama hou ʻana. |
| 1B | Kūpono ke tumo i kekahi o nā pae hoʻohālikelike ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka 1 millimeter a mānoanoa a me ka ʻili i haki ʻia, a i ʻole ʻelua, ʻo 1 a 2 mau milimita ka mānoanoa me ka nānā ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona. ʻAʻole ia i pālahalaha i nā lymph node a i ʻole nā ʻokanā. | ʻO ka hemo ʻana o ka tumo a me nā pūnaewele e pili ana ka mea maʻamau nā mea e koi ʻia. Paipai ʻia ka nānā pinepine ʻana no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻili. |
| 2A | ʻO ka tumo he 1 a 2 milimita ka mānoanoa a haki ka helehelena a i ʻole 2 a 4 mau mile ka mānoanoa a haki. ʻAʻole i pālahalaha ka tumo i nā pūnana lymph a i ʻole nā meaola e pili ana. | ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻoki kino ʻana o nā aʻa a me nā mea e pili ana a ʻo nā hana hoʻomōhala hou aʻe, e like me chemotherapy a me radiation, e paipai ʻia. |
| 2B | ʻO ka tumo 2 a 4 millimeter ka mānoanoa a haki a i ʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 millimeter a mānoanoa a ʻaʻole i haki i ka helehelena. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻia ka tumo i nā meaola ʻē aʻe. | Lawe ʻia ka hana ʻoki ʻana o ka tumo a me kekahi mau aʻa e puni ana. Hoʻohui pū kekahi i nā chemotherapy a me radiation e pono ai. |
| 2C | ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o ka tumo ma mua o 4 millimeter a mānoanoa i ka helehelena. Hoʻolahalaha koke kēia mau tumors. | E wehe kauka i kahi tumo. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā hana hou i ka chemotherapy a me / a i ʻole ka radiation. |
| 3A3B, 3C | Hiki ke mānoanoa ka tumo. Eia nō naʻe, ua pāhola nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i nā pūnana lymph a i kekahi mau mea ma waho pono o ka tumo. | Paipai ʻia ka wehe ʻana o nā lymph node. Hiki i nā hana hou ke hoʻopili i nā pale maʻi ʻo Yervoy a i ʻole Imylgic. ʻO kēia nā lapaʻau i ʻae ʻia e ka FDA no ka melanoma pae 3. |
| 4 | Ua hohola a metastasized paha nā hunaola maʻi i waho o ka tumo mua. Aia paha lākou i nā lymph node, nā mea ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole nā mea mamao. | Paipai ʻia ka wehe ʻana o ka tumo a me nā lymph node. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mālama hou ʻana i nā lāʻau immunotherapy, mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau melanoma, a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua |
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo Preventive no melanoma
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, melanoma kahi ʻano laha ʻole o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe kanaka i ka mōʻaukala koʻikoʻi o ka lā a akā loaʻa melanoma. Hiki i kēia ma muli o kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o kēia ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻanuʻu hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe e hōʻemi i kou makaʻu no ka melanoma.
- Hōʻalo i ka nui ʻana o ka lā a noho i ka malu i nā manawa hiki ke pale i nā kukuna o ka lā.
- E hōʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā moena ʻili a me nā sunlamp i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i ka ʻili. Wahi a ka American Cancer Society, ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā moena ʻili ʻili ka nui o ka makaʻu no ka melanoma.
- E hoʻohana i ka hāmeʻa mnemonic “Paheʻe! Pāheʻe! Pākuʻi ... a wahī! ” e hoʻomanaʻo e heʻe i ka pālule, e heʻe i ka pale o ka lā, paʻi i ka pāpale, a wahī i nā aniani aniani e pale ai i kou mau maka i ka kukuna o ka lā.
- Hana i nā ʻili ʻili maʻamau e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mole. Hiki paha i kekahi poʻe ke paʻi kiʻi i ko lākou ʻili a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou i kēlā me kēia mahina no ka hoʻoholo inā ua loli kekahi.
I kēlā me kēia manawa ke nānā aku ke kanaka i kahi mole hoʻololi a i ʻole kahi ʻili o ka ʻili i ʻike ʻia ua pākaʻi ʻia, naha, a i ʻole ʻano ulcerated i ka helehelena e ʻimi i kahi dermatologist e loiloi no kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi paha.
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