Leishmaniasis

Anter

• He aha nā ʻano o ka leishmaniasis?
• Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi
• Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneus
• Leishmaniasis Visceral
• He aha ke kumu o ka leishmaniasis?
• ʻO wai ka makaʻu no ka leishmaniasis?
• Palapala ʻāina
• Nā kūlana Socioeconomic
• Nā maʻi ʻē aʻe
• He aha nā hōʻailona o leishmaniasis?
• Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi
• Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneus
• Leishmaniasis Visceral
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka leishmaniasis?
• Ke hōʻoia nei i ka leishmaniasis cutaneous
• Ke hōʻoia nei i ka leishmaniasis visceral
• He aha nā ʻano lāʻau no ka leishmaniasis?
• Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi
• Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneus
• Leishmaniasis Visceral
• He aha nā pilikia kūpono o ka leishmaniasis?
• Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale aku i ka leishmaniasis?
• He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?

He aha ka leishmaniasis?

ʻO Leishmaniasis kahi maʻi parasite i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Leishmania parasite. Noho maʻamau kēia parasite i nā lele one maʻi maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻaelike i ka leishmaniasis mai ka nahu ʻana o kahi lele one maʻi.

Ke lele nei ke one e hali i ka parasite i nā wahi tropical a subtropical. Ua hana ʻia nā maʻi ahulau ma nā wahi o ʻAsia, ʻApelika Hikina, a me ʻAmelika Hema.

ʻO nā wahi i lohi pinepine ʻia a paʻa ʻole, me nā kumuwaiwai no ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi. Kāhea nā kauka ʻaʻohe palena palena ʻole iā leishmaniasis kekahi o nā maʻi weliweli loa i mālama ʻole ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo pū ka hui kēia maʻi ka lua o ka malaria i nā kumu parasitic o ka make.

He aha nā ʻano o ka leishmaniasis?

Hele mai ʻo Leishmaniasis i loko o ʻekolu mau ʻano: cutaneous, visceral, a me mucocutaneous. Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka Leishmania pili nā parasite me kēlā me kēia ʻano. Manaʻo nā loea aia ma kahi o 20 Leishmania nā ʻano i hiki ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi i nā kānaka.

Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi

Hoʻokumu ʻo leishmaniasis i ka ʻalani i kou ʻili. ʻO ia kaʻano maʻamau o ka leishmaniasis. ʻAʻole pono ka mālama ʻana ma muli o ke kanaka, akā hiki iā ia ke wikiwiki i ka hoʻōla a pale i nā pilikia.

Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneus

ʻO kahi ʻano laha ʻole o ka maʻi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka leishmaniasis mucocutane e ke ʻano cutaneus o ka parasite a hiki ke hana i kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi ulcer.

Me kēia ʻano leishmaniasis, pālahalaha nā parasites i kou ihu, ʻāʻī, a me kou waha. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka luku hapa a piha paha o nā membrane mucous i kēlā mau wahi.

ʻOiai noʻonoʻo pinepine ʻia ka leishmaniasis mucocutaneus i subset o ka leishmaniasis cutaneous, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻōla iā ia iho a koi mau i ka lāʻau.

Leishmaniasis Visceral

ʻO ka leishmaniasis Visceral i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ʻo leishmaniasis ʻōnaehana a i ʻole kala azar.

Hana ʻia he ʻelua a ʻewalu paha mahina ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi lele one. Hoʻopilikia ia i nā ʻōnaehana o loko, e like me kou lūlū a me ke ake. Hoʻopili pū ia i ka momona o kou iwi, a me kou ʻōnaehana pale pale ma o ka hōʻino ʻana i kēia mau lālā.

ʻAneʻane make ke kūlana inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia.

He aha ke kumu o ka leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis ma muli o ka protezoan parasites mai ka Leishmania ʻano laha. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka leishmaniasis mai ka nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi lele one maʻi.

Noho ka parasite a hoʻonui i loko o ka lele wahine one. Hoʻoikaika nui kēia kolo i nā wahi wai i nā mahina mehana o ka mahina a me ka pō, mai ka pō a ka wanaʻao. Hiki i nā holoholona kūloko, e like me nā ʻīlio, ke lilo i waihona wai no ka parasite. Lawe ʻia ka lawe ʻana mai kekahi holoholona i ke one lele i ke kanaka.

Hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻoili i ka parasite ma waena o kekahi ma o kahi transfusion koko a i ʻole nā ​​nila kuʻina. I kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka honua, hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia mai ke kanaka a i ke one e lele i ke kanaka.

ʻO wai ka makaʻu no ka leishmaniasis?

Palapala ʻāina

Loaʻa ka maʻi i nā wahi āpau o ka honua koe ʻo Australia a me Antarctica. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o 95 pākēneka o nā hihia cutaneous e kū i:

• ko ʻAmelika
• Asia Waena
• ke kiʻo Mediterranean
• ka Hikina Waena

I ka 2015 ma luna o nā hihia visceral i kū i:

• Palakila
• Aikiopa
• Inia
• Kenia
• Somalia
• Sudan Hema
• Sudana

Inā ʻoe e noho a i ʻole huakaʻi i nā wahi tropical a subtropical paha o kēia mau ʻāina a me nā wahi, aia ʻoe i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi. Hoʻoikaika nui nā mea kaiapuni a me ke aniau i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi.

Nā kūlana Socioeconomic

Wahi a ka, ʻo ka ʻilihune kahi mea e hoʻoholo ai no ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, pinepine ka leishmaniasis i nā wahi i maʻa mau nā kūlana aʻe:

• hana maikaʻi ʻole
• wī
• ka nele o ka loaʻa kālā
• ka neʻe nui ʻana o ka poʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka noho kūlanakauhale, nā hanana pōpilikia, ke kaua, nā hoʻololi o ke kaiapuni a me ka loli

Nā maʻi ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻonāwaliwali i nā ʻōnaehana pale pale i ka nui o ka hopena o kēia ʻano.

Hiki i ka HIV ke hoʻohuli i ka lawe ʻana o leishmaniasis a hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka leishmaniasis visceral. Hoʻopili ka HIV a me ka leishmaniasis i nā hunaola like o ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV me ka leishmaniasis. Ma nā wahi o ʻAitiopa, ua wānana ʻia e like me ka nui o nā poʻe me nā leishmaniasis i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV kekahi.

He aha nā hōʻailona o leishmaniasis?

Hiki i ka poʻe ke hāpai i kekahi ʻano o Leishmania no nā wā lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka maʻi ʻana. Pili nā ʻōuli i ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o kēia ʻano he ulcer ʻehaʻeha o ka ʻili. Hōʻike ʻia paha nā ʻōuli o Cutaneile i kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi lele one maʻi. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli no nā mahina a mau makahiki paha.

Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneus

I ka poʻe me ka mucocutane ʻano o ka maʻi, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli i hoʻokahi a ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ka ʻili o ka ʻili. ʻO kēia nā ulcer i ko lākou waha a me ka ihu a i ʻole i ko lākou lehelehe.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe ke:

• ihu ihu a ihu paha
• ihu ihu
• paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana

Leishmaniasis Visceral

ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli no nā mahina ma hope o ka nahu ʻana me kēia ʻano leishmaniasis. ʻO ka hapanui o nā hihia i maopopo he ʻelua a ʻeono mau mahina ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau a me nā ʻōuli e like me:

• Kaumaha emi
• nāwaliwali
• ke kuni e mau ana i mau pule a i ʻole mau mahina
• spleen hoʻonui ʻia
• ate akea
• hoʻemi i ka hana o nā hunaola koko
• kahe ana ke koko
• nā maʻi ʻē aʻe
• pehu lymph node

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka leishmaniasis?

He mea nui e haʻi aku i kāu kauka inā ʻoe i noho a kipa paha i kahi o ka leishmaniasis e maʻa mau ai. Pēlā e ʻike ai kāu kauka e hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe no ka parasite. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka leishmaniasis, e hoʻohana kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i nā ʻano o Leishmania ke kumu.

Ke hōʻoia nei i ka leishmaniasis cutaneous

Lawe paha kāu kauka i kahi ʻili o ka ʻili no kahi biopsy ma o ka ʻaki ʻana i kekahi o nā maʻi puupuu. E nānā pinepine lākou no ka DNA, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kūpuna, o ka parasite. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e ʻike ai i ka laha o ka parasite ke kumu o ka maʻi.

Ke hōʻoia nei i ka leishmaniasis visceral

I nā manawa he nui, ʻaʻole hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe i kahi nahu mai ka lele one. Hiki i kēia ke paʻakikī i ke ʻano e hōʻoia.

He mea kōkua kahi moʻolelo o ka noho ʻana a i ʻole ke huakaʻi ʻana i kahi o ka leishmaniasis. E hana mua paha kāu kauka i kahi hoʻokolohua kino e nānā i kahi ākea hoʻonui a i ʻole ate. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi biopsy o ka iwi iwi a i ʻole lawe i kahi laʻana koko no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.

Kōkua kekahi ʻano o nā hoʻokolohua loea me ka hōʻoia. Hiki i nā mānoanoa kemika kūikawā o ka iwi iwi ke kōkua e ʻike i nā hunaola i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka parasite.

He aha nā ʻano lāʻau no ka leishmaniasis?

ʻO nā lāʻau Antiparasitic, e like me amphotericin B (Ambisome), mālama i kēia ʻano. Koi paha kāu kauka i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka leishmaniasis i loaʻa iā ʻoe.

Leishmaniasis ʻōiwi

E hoʻōla pinepine nā ulcer cutaneile me ka ʻole o ka lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻōla, hoʻēmi i ka scarring, a hoʻemi i ka hopena o ka maʻi hou. Kekahi ulcer ʻili e kumu disfigurement paha koi i ʻoki kino.

Leishmaniasis Mucocutaneus

ʻAʻole hoʻōla maʻamau kēia mau leona. Koi mau lākou i ka lāʻau. Hiki i ka liposomal amphotericin B a me ka paromomycin ke mālama i ka leishmaniasis mucocutaneus.

Leishmaniasis Visceral

Pono ka maʻi Visceral i ka mālama mau. Loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau he nui. ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻohana mau ʻia me ka sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam), amphotericin B, paromomycin, a me miltefosine (Impavido).

He aha nā pilikia kūpono o ka leishmaniasis?

Hiki i nā pilikia leishmaniasis kūlohelohe ke komo pū:

• kahe ana ke koko
• nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻōnaehana pale, a hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola
• hoʻomāinoino

ʻO ka leishmaniasis Visceral he mea make pinepine ia ma muli o nā hopena i loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua o loko a me kāu ʻōnaehana pale. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole maʻi maʻi a maʻi maʻi maʻi paha. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi AIDS paha hiki ke hoʻopīpī i ka papa o ka leishmaniasis, a me ka lāʻau.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale aku i ka leishmaniasis?

ʻAʻole loaʻa kahi lāʻau lapaʻau a lāʻau prophylactic paha. ʻO ke ala wale nō e pale aku ai i ka leishmaniasis e hōʻalo i ka nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi lele one.

E hāhai i kēia mau kaʻina hana i mea e pale ai i ka nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi lele one.

• E ʻaʻahu i nā kapa i uhi i ka ʻili a hiki. ʻO nā pālule loloa, nā pālule loloa i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pālule, a paipai ʻia nā kākini kiʻekiʻe.
• E hoʻohana i ka mea ʻenemi i nā ʻili ākea a ma nā wēlau o kou lole wāwae a me nā pūlima. Loaʻa i nā repellant insect maikaʻi loa ka DEET.
• E pīpī i nā wahi moe i loko me ka insecticide.
• E hiamoe ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe o kahi hale. ʻO nā pepelika nā mea lele uila.
• Hōʻalo i waho ma waena o ka pō a me ka wanaʻao. ʻO kēia ka manawa e eleu ai nā lele one.
• E hoʻohana i nā pale a me ke ea i loko o ka hale ke hiki. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lele ʻana o nā mea kolo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā.
• E hoʻohana i kahi ʻupena moe i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kāu moena. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā nalo one ma mua o nā mosquitos, no laila pono ʻoe i kahi ʻupena ulana paʻa. E pīpī i ka ʻupena me ka insecticide i loaʻa ka pyrethroid inā hiki.

Kūʻai i nā ʻupena moena, nā insecticides, a me nā repellents ma mua o ka huakaʻi ʻana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.

He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?

Hiki i nā maʻi ke hopena i nā scars mau a me ka disfigurement. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana ke hōʻemi i ko lākou koʻikoʻi.

Hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻōla i ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, maikaʻi loa ka mālama ʻana ke hoʻomaka ma mua o ka hōʻino nui ʻia o kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

ʻO ka leishmaniasis Visceral he mea make pinepine ia i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki inā ʻaʻole e mālama pono ʻia.