He aha ka hypoxemia?

Anter

• Hypoxia vs. hypoxemia
• Nā ʻano
• Kuhi hewa / perfusion (V / Q) kūlike ʻole
• Shunt
• Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa diffuse
• Hypoventilation
• Ka oxygen liʻiliʻi
• Nā Kumu
• Hypoxemia i nā keiki hānau hou
• Nā ʻōuli
• Kānāwai
• Lapaʻau
• Nā pilikia
• Ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka
• Ke laina lalo

Hāpai kou koko i ka oxygen i nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻaʻa o kou kino. ʻO ka hypoxemia ke loaʻa kāu mau haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i loko o kou koko.

Hiki ke kumu ʻia ka hypoxemia e nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka hānō, ka niumonia, a me ka maʻi pulmonary maʻi mau (COPD). He kūlana olakino koʻikoʻi ia a koi koke ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

E hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hypoxemia, ke kumu o ia, a pehea e mālama ʻia ai.

Hypoxia vs. hypoxemia

Hōʻike ka hypoxia a me ka hypoxemia i nā mea ʻelua. ʻOiai ʻo hypoxemia e pili ana i nā pae oxygen haʻahaʻa i loko o kou koko, pili ka hypoxia i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i nā aʻa o kou kino.

Hiki i nā mea ʻelua i kekahi manawa, akā ʻaʻole maʻa mau.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻike ke alo o hypoxemia i ka hypoxia. Maikaʻi kēia no ka mea inā haʻahaʻa nā pae o ka oxygen i loko o kou koko, ʻaʻole paha lawa nā oxygen o kou kino.

Nā ʻano

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano hypoxemia, a pili ka ʻano i ka hana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ai nā pae o ka oxygen.

Kuhi hewa / perfusion (V / Q) kūlike ʻole

ʻO kēia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka hypoxemia. ʻO ka ventilation e pili ana i ka lako oxygen i nā māmā, ʻoiai ʻo ka perfusion e pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ke koko i nā akemāmā.

Ana ʻia ka ea a me ka perfusion i ka lakio, i kapa ʻia ka lakio V / Q. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia kahi hapa iki o ka mismatch i kēia lākiō, akā inā i nui loa ka mismatch, hiki i nā pilikia ke kū aʻe.

Aia he mau kumu ʻelua o ka hoʻokomo pono ʻole ʻana o ka ventilation:

1. Ke lawa nei nā māmā i ka oxygen, akā ʻaʻole lawa ke kahe o ke koko (hoʻonui ʻia ka lakio V / Q).
2. Aia ke kahe o ke koko i nā akemāmā, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka oxygen (hoʻemi ʻia ka lakio V / Q).

Shunt

ʻO ka maʻamau, komo ke koko deoxygenated i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka puʻuwai, hele i nā māmā e loaʻa ai ka oxygen, a laila hele i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka puʻuwai e puʻunaue ʻia i ke koena o ke kino.

I kēia ʻano hypoxemia, komo ke koko i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka puʻuwai me ka ʻole o oxygenated i nā akemāmā.

Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa diffuse

Ke komo ka oxygen i loko o nā māmā, hoʻopiha ia i nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo alveoli. ʻO nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he capillaries e hoʻopuni i ka alveoli. Diffus ka oxygen mai ka alveoli i loko o ke koko e holo ana i nā capillaries.

I kēia ʻano hypoxemia, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka diffusion o oxygen i loko o ke kahe o ke koko.

Hypoventilation

ʻO ka hypoventilation ke hiki i ka lawe ʻana o oxygen ma kahi wikiwiki. Hiki i kēia ke hopena i nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona kalapona i ke koko a me nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen.

Ka oxygen liʻiliʻi

Kū pinepine kēia ʻano hypoxemia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻemi ka oxygen i ka lewa me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe.

No laila, ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi kēlā me kēia hanu iā ʻoe me nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen ma mua o ka wā ma ke kai.

Nā Kumu

Nui nā kumu i hiki ke kumu i ka hypoxemia. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke:

• huʻihu respiratory respiratory syndrome (ARDS)
• anemia
• hānō
• kahi kīʻaha koko i ka hū (pulmonary embolism)
• he hāhā hāʻule
• kīnā o ka naʻau congenital a i ʻole maʻi
• COPD
• loli i loko o ka akemā (pulmonary edema)
• kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
• maʻi ma waena
• nā lāʻau e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka hanu ʻana, e like me kekahi narcotics a me nā anesthetics
• pulumonia
• scarring i loko o nā māmā (pulmonary fibrosis)
• ʻāpana moe

Hiki i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ke kumu i ka hypoxemia i nā ʻano like ʻole. E nānā i kekahi mau laʻana:

• COPD he kūlana maʻamau kahi e kahe ai ka kahe o ka lewa i nā akemāmā. ʻO ka luku ʻia o nā paia o alveoli a me nā capillaries e pili ana i COPD hiki ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka oxygen, a hiki i ka hypoxemia.

• Anemia kahi kūlana i lawa ʻole ai nā hunaola ʻulaʻula e lawe pono ai i ka oxygen. Ma muli o kēia, loaʻa i kahi kanaka me ka anemia ke haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i loko o ko lākou koko.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka hypoxemia kahi hōʻailona o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka hanu ʻole o ka hanu.

Hiki ʻole ke hanu i ka hala ʻole o ka oxygen mai kāu mau māmā i kou koko. No laila, hiki i nā pae o ka oxygen haʻahaʻa ke hōʻailona o ka hanu ʻole.

Hypoxemia i nā keiki hānau hou

Hiki i ka hypoxemia i kekahi manawa i nā keiki hānau hou me nā kīnā o ka naʻau congenital a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ana ʻana i nā pae o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko e hoʻohana ʻia i nā pēpē no nā kīnā o ka naʻau congenital.

Hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi nā pēpē Preterm i ka hypoxemia, keu hoʻi inā ua kau ʻia lākou ma ka ʻea ea.

Nā ʻōuli

E ʻike paha kekahi me ka hypoxemia i kēia mau ʻōuli:

• pokole o ka hanu
• ʻū a ʻū paha
• ʻeha poʻo
• puʻuwai wikiwiki
• ʻano piʻoloke a huikau paha
• he kala polū i ka ʻili, nā lehelehe, a me nā manamana lima

Kānāwai

I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hypoxemia, e hana ana kāu kauka i kahi hoʻokolohua kino i ka manawa a lākou e nānā ai i kou puʻuwai a me kou māmā. Hiki iā lākou ke nānā i ke kala o kou ʻili, nā manamana lima, a me nā lehelehe.

Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hou aʻe i hiki iā lākou ke hana e loiloi i kāu mau pae oxygen a me ka hanu ʻana. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke:

• ʻO ka pulse oximetry, kahi e hoʻohana ai i kahi sensor i kau ʻia ma kou manamana lima e ana i nā pae oxygen o ke koko.
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo kinoea Arterial koko, kahi e hoʻohana ai i ke kui kele e huki i kahi hāpana koko mai ke aʻa e ana i nā pae o ka oxygen koko.
• Nā hoʻāʻo hanu, kahi e loiloi ai i kou hanu ʻana ma o ka mīkini a i ʻole e ka hanu ʻana i loko o kahi paipu.

Lapaʻau

Ma muli o ka hypoxemia pili i nā pae oxygen haʻahaʻa o ke koko, ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻāʻo e hoʻāla i nā pae oxygen o ke koko i hoʻi i ka maʻamau.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka oxygen therapy e mālama ai i ka hypoxemia. Pili paha kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huna oxygen a i ʻole ka omole i ʻoki ʻia i kou ihu e loaʻa ai ka oxygen hoʻonui.

Hiki ke kumu ʻia ka hypoxemia e kahi ʻano paʻa e like me ka hānō a i ʻole ka niumonia. Inā kū i kahi ʻano kumu i kāu hypoxemia, e hana kāu kauka e mālama pū i kēlā ʻano.

Nā pilikia

Koi nā lālā a me nāʻaʻa o kou kino i ka oxygen i mea e holo pono ai.

Hiki ke hōʻino i nā mea ola e like me ka puʻuwai a me ka lolo i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka oxygen. Hiki i ka hypoxemia ke make inā hele a mālama ʻole ʻia.

Ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka

E ʻimi mau ʻoe i ka lāʻau olakino pilikia inā ʻike koke ʻia ka pōkole o ka hanu a hoʻopili i kou hiki ke hana.

I kekahi mau hihia ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu ponoʻī ke hōʻoia i ke kipa ʻana a ke kauka. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau ʻōuli, pono ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i kahi manawa me kāu kauka e kūkākūkā ai.

• pōkole o ka hanu e loaʻa me ka hana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke hoʻomaha ʻoe
• pōkole o ka hanu e kū me ka hoʻoikaika kino a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi
• ala ʻē ʻana mai ka hiamoe me ka hanu ʻole

Ke laina lalo

ʻO ka hypoxemia ke loaʻa kāu mau haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i loko o kou koko. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano hypoxemia a me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa he hiki ke kumu iā ia.

He kūlana koʻikoʻi ka hypoxemia a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻino a nā aʻa a i ʻole ka make ke haʻalele ʻole ʻia.

E ʻimi mau ʻoe i ka mālama olakino kūpilikiʻi inā he pōkole kou o ka hanu e kū koke a hoʻololi i kou hiki ke hana.