Hypokalemia

Anter

• Hōʻike Overview
• He aha nā hōʻailona o ka hypokalemia?
• He aha ke kumu o ka hypokalemia?
• He aha nā kumu pilikia no ka hypokalemia?
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka hypokalemia?
• Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka hypokalemia?
• He aha ke kuanaʻike no ka hypokalemia?
• Pehea e pale ʻia ai ka hypokalemia?
• ʻAiʻai waiwai potassium
• A:

Hoʻopili mākou i nā huahana a mākou e manaʻo nei he pono no kā mākou poʻe heluhelu. Inā kūʻai ʻoe ma o nā loulou i kēia ʻaoʻao, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kōmike liʻiliʻi. Eia kā mākou hana.

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO ka hypokalemia ke haʻahaʻa loa nā pae pāhare potassium. ʻO ka potassium kahi electrolyte nui no ke aʻa a me ke kino o ka paʻakū e holo ana, keu hoʻi no nā mākala mākala i ka puʻuwai. Mālama kou mau puʻupaʻa i nā pae potassium o kou kino, e ʻae ana i ka nui o ka potassium e haʻalele i ke kino ma o ka mimi a i ʻole ka hou.

Kāhea ʻia ʻo Hypokalemia:

• maʻi maʻi hypokalemic
• haʻahaʻa pāhare pāʻina
• maʻi maʻi hypopotassemia

ʻAʻole hiki i ka hypokalemia akahai ke hana i nā ʻōuli. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i nā pae potassium haʻahaʻa ke alakaʻi i ka arrhythmia, a i ʻole nā ​​puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻole, a me ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala koʻikoʻi. Akā hoʻololi pinepine kēia mau ʻōuli ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. E aʻo i ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hypokalemia a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka hypokalemia?

ʻAʻole hōʻike nā hypokalemia akahai i nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli a hiki i ka haʻahaʻa loa o kāu mau potassium. ʻO kahi pae maʻamau o ka potassium he 3.6-5.2 millimoles i kēlā me kēia lita (mmol / L).

ʻO ka makaʻala i nā hōʻailona hypokalemia hiki ke kōkua. Kāhea i kāu kauka inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i kēia mau ʻōuli:

• nāwaliwali
• luhi
• kōpaʻa
• ʻūpē mākala
• palpitations

ʻO nā pae ma lalo o 3.6 e manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa, a ʻo nā mea ma lalo o 2.5 mmol / L he haʻahaʻa hoʻoweliweli ia, e like me ka Mayo Clinic. Ma kēia mau pae, aia paha he mau hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o:

• lolo
• hanu hanu
• haki o nā mākala mākala
• ileus (ʻōpū palaualelo)

I nā hihia ʻoi loa, hiki mai nā rhythm abnormal. ʻO ka mea maʻamau kēia i ka poʻe e lawe i nā lāʻau digitalis (digoxin) a i ʻole loaʻa i nā ʻano puʻuwai puʻuwai e like me:

• fibrillation, atrial a ventricular paha
• tachycardia (wikiwiki loa ka puʻuwai)
• bradycardia (lohi ka puʻuwai)
• puʻuwai puʻuwai

ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka nalo ʻana o ka makemake, kahoʻi, a me ka luaʻi.

He aha ke kumu o ka hypokalemia?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i ka nui o ka pāhare potassium ma o ka mimi, ka hou, a me ka neʻe ʻana o kou ʻōpū. Loaʻa ka lawa ʻole o ka potassium a me nā pae magnesium haʻahaʻa i ka hypokalemia. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa hypokalemia kahi hōʻailona a hopena paha o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe a me nā lāʻau.

Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:

• ʻO Bartter Syndrome, kahi maʻi maʻi ʻōiwi laha ʻole e kumu i ka paʻakai a me ka potassium
• ʻO Gitelman Syndrome, kahi maʻi maʻi ʻōiwi laha ʻole e kumu i ke kaulike ʻole o nā iona i ke kino
• ʻO Liddle Syndrome, kahi maʻi laha ʻole e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ke kahe o ke koko a me ka hypokalemia
• ʻO Cushing Syndrome, kahi kūlana maʻamau ma muli o ke kū lōʻihi i ka cortisol
• ʻai i nā mea e like me ka bentonite (pālolo) a i ʻole glycyrrhizin (i ka laikini maoli a me ka nau ʻana i ka paka)
• ʻO nā diuretics make-potting, e like me Thiazides, loop, a me nā osmotic diuretics
• hoʻohana lōʻihi o ka laxatives
• kiʻekiʻe o nā penicillin
• ketoacidosis diabetes
• dilution ma muli o ka IV wai lawelawe
• ʻaukake magnesium
• nā pilikia adrenal gland
• hana maikaʻi ʻole
• omo maikaʻi ʻole
• hyperthyroidism
• haʻalulu ka delerium
• nā kūmole acidosis tubular renal I a me 2
• piʻi catecholamine, e like me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai
• nā lāʻau e like me ka insulin a me ka beta 2 agonists i hoʻohana ʻia no COPD a me ka hānō
• lāʻau ʻawa barium
• hypokalemia ʻohana

He aha nā kumu pilikia no ka hypokalemia?

Hiki ke hoʻonui i kāu mau pilikia no ka hypokalemia inā ʻoe:

• lawe i nā lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā diuretics i ʻike ʻia e lilo ai ka potassium
• Loaʻa i ka maʻi hoʻolōʻihi e hoʻopuʻi ai i ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka palahī
• he kūlana olakino e like me nā mea i helu ʻia ma luna

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka poʻe me ka naʻau i nā pilikia. ʻOiai ʻo ka hypokalemia mālie hiki ke alakaʻi i nā mele puʻuwai abnormal. He mea nui e mālama i kahi pae potassium ma kahi o 4 mmol / L inā he maʻi olakino kou e like me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai congestive, arrhythmia, a i ʻole ka mōʻaukala o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka hypokalemia?

E ʻike maʻamau kāu kauka inā pilikia ʻoe a i ʻole loaʻa iā hypokalemia i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua koko a me ka mimi maʻamau. Nānā kēia mau hoʻāʻo no ka pae o ka mineral a me ka vitamina i loko o ke koko, me nā pae potassium.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka hypokalemia?

ʻO kekahi mea loaʻa i ka hypokalemia a hōʻike i nā hōʻailona e pono i ka haukapila. Koi ʻia lākou i ka nānā ʻana o ka puʻuwai e hōʻoia i ka maʻamau o ko lākou naʻau.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā pae potassium haʻahaʻa i ka haukapila e koi i kahi ala he nui.

1. Wehe i nā kumu: Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu kumu, e kauoha ana kāu kauka i ka lāʻau kūpono. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau e hōʻemi ai i ka palahī a i ʻole ka luaʻi a i ʻole hoʻololi i kāu lāʻau.

2. E hoʻihoʻi i nā pae potassium: Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i nā pāʻina potassium e hoʻihoʻi i nā pae potassium haʻahaʻa. Akā ke hoʻoponopono wikiwiki nei i nā pae potassium hiki ke kumu i nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia e like me nā puʻuwai puʻuwai abnormal. I nā kūlana o ka pae potassium haʻahaʻa weliweli, pono ʻoe i kahi drip IV no ka lawe ʻana i ka potassium.

3. Nānā i nā pae i ka wā o ka haukapila e noho ai: Ma ka haukapila, e nānā ke kauka a kahu hānai paha i kāu mau pae e ʻike pono ʻaʻole e hoʻohuli nā pae potassium a hana iā hyperkalemia ma kahi. Hiki i nā pae potassium kiʻekiʻe ke kumu i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.

Ma hope o kou haʻalele ʻana i ka haukapila, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i kahi papaʻai momona potassium. Inā pono ʻoe e lawe i nā pākuʻi potassium, lawe iā lākou me ka nui o nā wai a me, a i ʻole ma hope o kāu ʻai. Pono paha ʻoe e lawe i nā mea hoʻopiha magnesium e like me ka pohō magnesium hiki ke hana ʻia me ka nalo ʻana o ka potassium.

He aha ke kuanaʻike no ka hypokalemia?

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ʻo Hypokalemia. Hoʻopili maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano kumu. Aʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou pae potassium ma o ka papaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopili.

E hana i kahi manawa me ke kauka inā hōʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o ka hypokalemia. Hiki i ka mālama mua ʻana a me ke kuhi ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ke ʻano mai ka lōlō ʻana, ka hanu ʻole ʻana, a me nā pilikia puʻuwai.

Pehea e pale ʻia ai ka hypokalemia?

Ma kahi o 20 pākēneka o ka poʻe i nā haukapila e ʻike i ka hypokalemia, ʻoiai he 1 pākēneka wale nō o nā mākua ʻaʻole i ka haukapila e loaʻa i ka hypokalemia. E nānā pinepine ke kauka a kahu hānai paha iā ʻoe i kou noho ʻana e pale aku ai i ka hypokalemia.

E ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā e ʻike ana ʻoe i ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka pākī nui ma mua o 24-48 mau hola. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi lōʻihi a me nā nalo ʻana o nā wai he mea nui ia e mālama ai i ka hypokalemia mai ka hanana ʻana.

ʻAiʻai waiwai potassium

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kahi papaʻai i waiwai i ka potassium hiki ke kōkua i ka pale a mālama ʻana i ka potassium haʻahaʻa. Kūkākūkā i kāu papaʻai me kāu kauka. Makemake ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka lawe ʻana i ka nui o ka potasiuma, keu hoʻi inā ʻoe e lawe i nā mea hoʻopono potassium. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai maikaʻi o ka potassium:

• ʻāpala
• maiʻa
• fiku
• kiwi
• ʻalani
• milo
• ʻōmato
• waiū
• peas a me nā pī
• pata pīnī
• ʻākala

ʻOiai ʻo ka papaʻai haʻahaʻa i loko o ka potassium ke kumu o ka hypokalemia, he mea nui ka potassium no nā hana o ke kino olakino. Inā ʻaʻole haʻi ʻia e kāu kauka, he ʻai pono ka ʻai ʻana i ka papaʻai.

A:

Kau ʻia nā lāʻau pāhare potassium i kahi mahele lāʻau i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pākuʻi over-the-counter. ʻO kēia ke kumu i kaupalena ʻia ai lākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana ma o ka kuhikuhi wale nō. Lawe wale ʻia lākou e like me ka mea i kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka. Hiki i ka hoʻomalu kūpono ʻole ke hopena maʻalahi i ka hyperkalemia, kahi mea weliweli e like me ka hypokalemia. Pono ʻoe e akahele a nīnau aku i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka potassium OTC inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi puʻuwai mau a i ʻole aia ʻoe ma kahi mea kāohi ACE, blocker receptor angiotensin (ARB), a i ʻole spironolactone. Hiki iā Hyperkalemia ke hoʻomohala koke i kēia mau hanana inā lawe ʻoe i kekahi ʻano o ka pāʻina potassium.