Ehia mau kuleana i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka?

Anter

• Nā aʻalolo i ke kino
• ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo
• Nā aʻalolo Cranial
• ʻAlalā iwi
• No laila ehia mau aʻa a pau pū?
• He aha ka mea e kūkulu ai i ke aʻalolo nerve?
• He aha ka hana a nā aʻalolo?
• He mea nui paha ka lōʻihi?
• Nā mea leʻaleʻa e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana
• 1. Hiki ke ana ʻia nā impulses uila o nā aʻalolo
• 2. Wikiwiki nā ʻūlū nerve
• 3. ʻAʻole hele nā ​​Neurona i ka mahele o ka pūnaewele
• 4. ʻAʻole hoʻohana maoli ʻoe i ka 10 pakeneka o kou lolo
• 5. Hoʻohana ka lolo i ka ikaika
• 6. ʻAʻole wale kou iwi poʻo i pale i kou lolo
• 7. Loaʻa iā ʻoe he nui o nā neurotransmitters
• 8. ʻO nā ʻano hana hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou i nā hōʻino ʻōnaehana nāwaliwali
• 9. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ke aʻalolo puʻupaʻa me ka epilepsy a me ke kaumaha
• 10. Aia kekahi o nā aʻalolo e pili ana i nā mea momona
• 11. Ua hana nā ʻepekema i kahi aʻa nerve sensory
• Ke laina lalo

ʻO kāu ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio nui o kou kino. Me kāu ʻōnaehana endocrine, kaohi a mālama ia i nā hana like ʻole o kou kino. Hoʻohui ʻia, kōkua ia iā ʻoe e launa pū me kāu puni.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kāu ʻōnaehana nīnūnē me kahi pūnaewele o nā aʻalolo a me nā aʻa nerve e lawe i nā leka i a i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoo a me ke koena o ke kino.

ʻO ke aʻalolo kahi pūpū o nā olonā e loaʻa a hoʻouna i nā leka ma waena o ke kino a me ka lolo. Hoʻouna ʻia nā leka e nā loli kemika a me nā uila i loko o nā hunaola, i kapa ʻia ka ʻenehana he neurons, nā mea i hana i nā aʻalolo.

No laila, ehia mau aʻa i loko o kou kino? ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike pololei, palekana ke ʻōlelo ʻana he mau haneli ko nā kānaka - a he mau piliona o nā neurons! - mai ka piko o ko mākou poʻo i ka piko o kā mākou manamana wāwae.

E heluhelu e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka helu a me ka inoa cranial a me nā iwi ʻulaʻula, a me nā mea i haku ʻia o nā neurons, a me kekahi mau mea leʻaleʻa e pili ana i kāu ʻōnaehana.

Nā aʻalolo i ke kino

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo

ʻElua mau mahele o kāu ʻōnaehana.

• ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana waena (CNS): ʻO ka CNS ke kikowaena kauoha o ke kino a hana ʻia e kou lolo a me ka iwi kuamoo. Pale aku ka lolo i loko o kou iwi poʻo ʻoiai kou vertebrae e pale aku i kou iwi kuamoʻo.
• ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana peripheral (PNS): Hana ʻia ka PNS i nā ʻalalā e lālā ʻia mai kāu CNS. ʻO nā aʻalolo nā pūpū o nā axons e hana pū e lawe i nā hōʻailona.

Hiki i ka PNS ke haki hou i nā mahele sensory a me nā motika:

• ʻO kamahele manaʻo hoʻoili i ka ʻike mai loko a ma waho o kou kino i kāu CNS. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopili i nā mea e like me nā manaʻo ʻeha, ʻala, a me nā hiʻohiʻona.
• ʻO kamahele kaʻa loaʻa nā hōʻailona mai ka CNS e hana i kahi hana. Hiki i kēia mau hana ke makemake manawaleʻa, e like me ka neʻe ʻana i kou lima, a i ʻole ka hana manawaleʻa e like me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi puʻupuʻu e kōkua ai i ka neʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai ma o kāu wahi digestive.

Nā aʻalolo Cranial

ʻO nā aʻalolo cranial kahi ʻāpana o kāu PNS. Loaʻa iā ʻoe he ʻelua mau ʻāʻī cranial.

Hiki i nā aʻalolo cranial ke loaʻa i nā hana sensory, nā hana kaʻa, a i ʻole ʻelua paha. O kahi laʻana:

• Loaʻa i ke aʻalolo olfactory kahi hana sensory. Hoʻouna ia i ka ʻikepili ma ka pilau i ka lolo.
• ʻO ka nerve oculomotor kahi hana kaʻa. Mālama ia i ka neʻe o kou mau maka.
• Loaʻa i ke aʻalolo helehelena a me ka hana kaʻa. Hoʻouna ia i nā mea ʻono mai kou alelo a mālama pū i ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi o nā mākala i kou alo.

ʻO nā aʻalolo cranial i hoʻomaka i ka lolo a hele i waho i kou poʻo, ka maka, a me kou ʻāʻī. ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa i kēia ʻo ke aʻa maloʻo, ʻo ia ke aʻalolo cranial. Pili ia me nā wahi he nui o ke kino e like me ka puʻu, ka puʻuwai, a me ka digestive tract.

ʻAlalā iwi

ʻO nā aʻalolo iwi kekahi o kāu PNS. Lālā lākou i kāu kaula iwi. Loaʻa iā ʻoe he 31 pālua o nā aʻalolo iwi. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou e ka wahi o ka iwi kuamoʻo a lākou e pili ai.

Loaʻa nā aʻalolo a me ka hana kaʻa i nā aʻalolo.ʻO ia ka mea i hiki iā lāua ke hoʻouna i ka ʻike ʻike i ka CNS a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kauoha mai ka CNS i ka periphery o kou kino.

Pili pū nā ʻalalā iwi me nā dermatome. ʻO kahi dermatome kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka ʻili i lawelawe ʻia e kahi aʻalolo iwi kuamoʻo. Hoʻopili nā mea āpau āpau i kahi ʻikepili sensory mai kēia wahi i ka CNS.

No laila ehia mau aʻa a pau pū?

Aia he mau haneli a puni ke kino i loko o kou kino. Hoʻohui pū nā aʻa sensory he nui e lawe mai i ka ʻili mai ka ʻili a me nā mea o loko e hana i nā lālā sensory o nā ʻalalā cranial a me nā ʻalalā.

Māhele nā ​​ʻāpana kaʻa o nā aʻalolo cranial a me nā aʻalolo iwi i nā ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi. No laila e hoʻokaʻawale kekahi nerve a iwi paha i nā wahi āpau mai 2 a 30 mau aʻalolo āpau.

He aha ka mea e kūkulu ai i ke aʻalolo nerve?

Hana kāu mau neurons e alakaʻi i nā neuro. ʻEkolu a lākou ʻāpana:

• Kino pūnaewele: E like me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe i kou kino, loaʻa kēia ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana o ke kelepona like ʻole e like me ka nucleus.
• Nā Dendrite: ʻO nā Dendrites nā mea hoʻolōʻihi mai ke kino pūnaewele. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hōʻailona mai nā neurons ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke loli ka helu o nā dendrite ma kahi neuron.
• Axon: Hoʻolālā pū ke axon mai ke kino pūnaewele. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā dendrites a lawe i nā hōʻailona mai ke kino pūnaewele kahi e hiki ai ke loaʻa iā lākou e nā pūnana nerve ʻē aʻe. Uhi pinepine ʻia nā axons e kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo myelin, he mea kōkua ia e pale a pale i ka axon.

Loaʻa i kou lolo wale nō ma kahi o 100 biliona mau neurons (ʻoiai e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana kekahi mea noiʻi ʻoi aku ke kokoke o ke kiʻi).

He aha ka hana a nā aʻalolo?

No laila pehea e hana pono ai nā neurons? E ʻimi kākou i hoʻokahi ʻano neona e hōʻailona ana ma lalo:

1. Ke hōʻailona nā neurons i kahi neona ʻē aʻe, hoʻouna ʻia kahi impulse uila i ka lōʻihi o ke axon.
2. I ka hopena o ke koʻi, hoʻololi ʻia ka hōʻailona uila i hōʻailona kemika. Alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mole i kapa ʻia he neurotransmitters.
3. Hoʻopili nā neurotransmitters i ke āpau, i kapa ʻia he synaps, ma waena o ke axon a me nā dendrite o ka neʻe aʻe.
4. Ke hoʻopaʻa nā neurotransmitters i nā dendrite o ka neuron e hiki mai ana, hoʻololi hou ʻia ka hōʻailona kemika i hōʻailona uila a hele i ka lōʻihi o ka neuron.

Hana ʻia nā aʻalolo i nā pūpū o nā axons e hana pū ana e kōkua i ka kamaʻilio ma waena o ka CNS a me ka PNS. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he pili maoli ke "nerve peripheral" i ka PNS. Kāhea ʻia nā pūʻolo Axon ʻo "tract" i ka CNS.

Ke hōʻino ʻia nā aʻalolo a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻailona pono, hiki i kahi maʻi neurological ke hopena. Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā maʻi neurological a he nui nā kumu like ʻole. Kamaʻāina paha kekahi iā ʻoe me:

• epilepsy
• sclerosis maha
• Maʻi ʻo Parkinson
• Maʻi ʻo Alzheimer

He mea nui paha ka lōʻihi?

Hiki ke loli ka lōʻihi o kahi axon o kahi neuron. Liʻiliʻi paha kekahi ʻoiai aia a hiki i kekahi.

Pēlā nō, hiki i nā aʻalolo ke loli i ka nui. Ke hele nei i waho o kāu PNS, ʻemi ka liʻiliʻi o kou mau aʻalolo.

ʻO ke aʻalolo sciatic ka i kou kino. Hoʻomaka ia i kou kua haʻahaʻa a hele i ke ala holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae o kou wāwae.

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo sciatica kahi e pā ai nā ʻehaʻeha mai kou haʻahaʻa i lalo a i lalo i kou wāwae. Hana ʻia kēia ke kaomi ʻia a hoʻonāukiuki paha ke aʻa sciatic.

Nā mea leʻaleʻa e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana

E hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana ma lalo no kekahi mau mea leʻaleʻa wikiwiki e pili ana i kāu ʻōnaehana hopohopo.

1. Hiki ke ana ʻia nā impulses uila o nā aʻalolo

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka wā o ke aʻalolo impulse hoʻololi net o kahi hanana ma o ka membrane axon.

2. Wikiwiki nā ʻūlū nerve

Hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi me ka wikiwiki o.

3. ʻAʻole hele nā ​​Neurona i ka mahele o ka pūnaewele

ʻO ia hoʻi inā e luku ʻia ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pani. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kumu e hiki ai i nā hōʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi ke koʻikoʻi loa.

4. ʻAʻole hoʻohana maoli ʻoe i ka 10 pakeneka o kou lolo

Māhele ʻia kou lolo i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, me nā hana like ʻole. Kōkua ka hoʻohui ʻana o kēia mau hana iā mākou e ʻike a pane aku i nā mea kūloko a me waho.

5. Hoʻohana ka lolo i ka ikaika

Kaupaona kou lolo ma kahi o ʻekolu mau paona. Heʻuʻuku kēia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kou kaupaona o ke kino, akā e like me ka Smithsonian Institute, loaʻa i kou lolo ka 20 pākēneka o kāu hāʻawi oxygen a me ke kahe o ke koko.

6. ʻAʻole wale kou iwi poʻo i pale i kou lolo

ʻO kahi pale kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pale lolo-lolo e pale i nā mea ʻino i ke koko mai ke komo ʻana i kou lolo.

7. Loaʻa iā ʻoe he nui o nā neurotransmitters

Mai ka manawa o ka neurotransmitter mua i ʻike ʻia ma 1926, ua hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o 100 mau mea i ka lawe ʻana o ka hōʻailona ma waena o nā aʻalolo. ʻO kahi kamaʻāina āu e kamaʻāina ai paha he dopamine a me serotonin.

8. ʻO nā ʻano hana hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou i nā hōʻino ʻōnaehana nāwaliwali

Paʻahana nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hana e hoʻomohala i nā ala e hoʻoponopono ai i ka poino o ka ʻōnaehana. Hiki i kekahi mau hana ke hoʻopili akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā pūnaewele hoʻonui-ulu, nā mea ulu kikoʻī, a i ʻole nā ​​kūmole kūmole e hāpai i ka hana hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā aʻa nerve.

9. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ke aʻalolo puʻupaʻa me ka epilepsy a me ke kaumaha

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hāmeʻa e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona uila i kāu aʻa maloʻo. ʻO kēia, hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka lolo.

Hiki i ka Vagus nerve stimulate ke kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka hopu ʻana i ka poʻe me kekahi ʻano epilepsy. Hiki paha ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hōʻailona kaumaha i ka manawa i ka poʻe i pane ʻole ke kaumaha i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Ke nānā ʻia nei kona hopena no nā ʻano e like me ka headache a me ka rheumatoid arthritis pū kekahi.

10. Aia kekahi o nā aʻalolo e pili ana i nā mea momona

ʻO kahi noi 2015 i nāʻiole i hoʻohana i ke kiʻi e nānā i nā hunaola nerve e hoʻopuni ana i kaʻiʻo momona. Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i kēia mau ʻalolo i hoʻonāukiuki hoʻi i ka haki ʻana o nā mea momona. Pono nā noiʻi hou aʻe, akā hiki i kēia ke pili i nā ʻano e like me ka momona.

11. Ua hana nā ʻepekema i kahi aʻa nerve sensory

Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka kaomi noi a hoʻololi iā ia i nā impulses uila i hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi transistor.

Hoʻokuʻu kēia transistor i nā impulses uila i nā lauana i kūlike me nā mea i hana ʻia e nā neurons. Ua hiki nō i nā kānaka noiʻi ke hoʻohana i kēia ʻōnaehana e hoʻoneʻe i nā mākala i ka wāwae o ka ʻoka.

Ke laina lalo

He mau haneli kou a me nā piliona o nā neurons i kou kino.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo i ʻelua ʻāpana - ka CNS a me ka PNS. Hoʻopili pū ka CNS i kou lolo a me kou iwi kuamoʻo ʻoiai ua haku ʻia ka PNS i nā ʻalalā e lālā ʻia mai ka CNS a i loko o ke kino o kou kino.

Hana pū kēia ʻōnaehana nui o nā ʻalolo ma ke ʻano he pūnaewele kamaʻilio. Hāʻawi nā aʻalolo sensory i ka ʻike mai kou kino a me kou wahi i ka CNS. I kēia manawa, hoʻohui a hana ʻo CNS i kēia ʻike i mea e hoʻouna ai i nā leka i ka pehea e pane ai ma o nā aʻalolo kaʻa.