Pehea ka hohola koke ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai

Anter

• Hōʻike Overview
• No ke aha e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• ʻO nā maʻi ʻalā wikiwiki loa - a hoʻolōʻihi hoʻi
• He aha nā pae e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Ulu ulu a hāliʻi
• ʻO nā kūpuna Benign
• Nā kūpale kūpale
• Pehea e hana ai i ka mālama ʻana e hōʻoki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• ʻOki kino
• Lapaʻau hoʻomākala
• ʻO Chemotherapy
• Pahuhopu kau ʻia
• Immunotherapy
• ʻO ke kāpili ʻōiwi a i ʻole ke kuhi iwi
• ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

Hōʻike Overview

Hana ʻia ko mākou kino i nā kekona o nā keena. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻololi nā hunaola hou i nā hunaola kahiko a i ʻino paha ke make lākou.

I kekahi manawa, ua hōʻino ʻia ka DNA o kahi pūnaewele. Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻole ke kaohi i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā hunaola ʻino mai ka hōʻino hou ʻana i kā mākou kino.

Kū ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hunaola ma mua o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Ma kahi o ka make ʻana, hoʻomau ka ulu a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā hunaola ʻino, ahu ʻia i ke ʻano o nā tumors. ʻO ka hopena, ulu kēlā ulu i waho o ke kaohi i nā hunaola kūlohelohe e lele i nā aʻa puni.

Aia kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kapa ʻia no nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​wahi i kū ai lākou. Hiki i nā mea āpau ke hoʻolaha, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kekahi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

E hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana e aʻo ai pehea e laha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai, pehea e hoʻokumu ʻia ai, a pehea e hana ai nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

No ke aha e hoʻolaha ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻAʻole pane nā ʻōnaehana cancer i nā hōʻailona e haʻi ana iā lākou ua hiki i ka manawa e make ai, no laila ke hoʻomau nei lākou i ka hoʻokaʻawale wikiwiki ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana. A maikaʻi loa lākou i ka hūnā ʻana mai ka pale pale.

Ke paʻa mau nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i loko o ka meaola kahi i ulu ai lākou, ua kapa ʻia ʻo carcinoma in situ (CIS). I ka wā e haki ai kēlā mau hunaola ma waho o ka membrane o ke aʻa, ua kapa ʻia ia he maʻi ʻaʻai invasive.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai kahi i hoʻomaka ai i kahi ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo metastasis. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe a ke kino e palahalaha aku ai, ua kapa ʻia kahi maʻi ʻaʻai no kahi i hoʻomaka ai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate i pālahalaha aʻe i ke akepaʻa he maʻi ʻaʻai prostate ia, ʻaʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai ate, a hōʻike ʻia ka mālama ʻana i kēlā.

ʻOiai ʻo nā tumors paʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai he nui, ʻaʻole pēlā ka hihia. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā leukemias nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ke koko a nā kauka e kapa ai he "tumors wai."

ʻO ka wahi o ka laha ʻana o nā hunaola maʻiʻaila kaukaʻi ʻia i kā lākou wahi i ke kino, akā e pāhola paha ia ma kahi kokoke. Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma:

• Kāpena. Hiki i kahi tumo ulu ke pahu i loko o nā a puni a i ʻole nā ​​ʻokena. Hiki i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai mai ke tumo kumu ke haki a hana i nā tumors hou ma kahi kokoke.
• ʻO ka ʻōnaehana lymph. Hiki i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai mai ke tumo ke komo i nā pūnana lymph kokoke. Mai laila, hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana lymph holoʻokoʻa a hoʻomaka i nā tumors hou i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
• Kahe koko. Pono nā tumors paʻa i ka oxygen a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe e ulu. Ma o ke kaʻina i kapa ʻia angiogenesis, hiki i nā tumors ke hoʻoulu i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko hou e hōʻoia i ko lākou ola. Hiki i nā keaka ke komo i ke kahe o ke koko a hele i nā pūnaewele mamao.

ʻO nā maʻi ʻalā wikiwiki loa - a hoʻolōʻihi hoʻi

ʻO nā hunaola ʻaila i loaʻa ka nui o nā ʻino (a ʻokoʻa maikaʻi ʻole) ulu ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpau (ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa). Ma muli o ke ʻano kūpono ʻole o ia mau mea ma lalo o ka microscope, helu ʻia nā tumors penei:

• GX: hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia
• G1: kūlana ʻokoʻa a papa haʻahaʻa paha
• G2: hoʻohālikelike kaulike a waena-papa paha
• G3: ʻano ʻokoʻa a kūlana kiʻekiʻe paha
• G4: kūlana ʻole a papa kiʻekiʻe paha

ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻanā e ulu mālie ana ka:

• nā maʻi 'umauma umauma, e like me estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) a me nā kānaka epidermal ulu mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi 2-maikaʻi ʻole (HER2-)
• maʻi leukemia lymphocytic mau (CLL)
• nā maʻi ʻohe o ke kolone a me ka pololei
• ka nui o nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai prostate

ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻino, e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai prostate, hiki ke ulu lohi i hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i kahi ala "kali kiaʻi" ma mua o ka hoʻoponopono koke. ʻAʻole koi kekahi i ka lāʻau.

ʻO nā laʻana o nā kanesa ulu wikiwiki e like me:

• leukemia lymphoblastic huehue (ALL) a me ka leukemia myeloid huehue (AML)
• kekahi o nā maʻi ʻeha o ka umauma, e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻāhā (IBC) a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻole ʻekolu (TNBC)
• lymphoma B-nui nui
• maʻi ʻaʻai pūpū
• nā maʻi ʻaʻai prostate laha ʻole e like me nā kinikini liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​lymphomas

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kanesa ulu nui ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he wānana maikaʻi ʻole kou. Hiki ke mālama pono ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau maʻi ʻino. A ʻo kekahi mau maʻi ʻaʻai ʻaʻole pono e ulu wikiwiki, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia a hiki i ka metastasized.

He aha nā pae e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi ʻōkuhi e like me ka nui o ka tumo a pehea ka laha ʻana i hoʻolaha ai i ka manawa o ke kuhi. Kōkua nā pae i nā kauka e hoʻoholo i nā ʻano o ka hana e hana a hāʻawi i kahi kuina maʻamau.

Aia kekahi ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho a kikoʻī kekahi i kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Eia nā pae kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Ma situ. Ua loaʻa nā hunaola Precancerous, akā ʻaʻole lākou i pālahalaha aku i nā mea pili.
• Kūloko. ʻAʻole i pālahalaha nā hunaola maʻi maʻi ma ʻō aku o kahi i hoʻomaka ai.
• ʻĀpana āpana. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node kokoke, nā aʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​meaola.
• Mamao loa. Ua hiki aku ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻōmole mamao a i ʻole nā ​​ʻaʻa.
• ʻIke ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻike e hoʻoholo ai i ke kahua.

A i ʻole:

• Kahua 0 a i ʻole CIS. Ua loaʻa nā hunaola maʻamau akā ʻaʻole pālahalaha i nāʻiʻo a puni. Kāhea ʻia kēia mea he precancer.
• Nā pae 1, 2, a me 3. ʻO ka hōʻoia o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hōʻike nā helu i ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka tumo mua a pehea ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Kahua 4. Ua metastasis ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana mamao o ke kino.

E hoʻohana paha kāu hōʻike pilikino i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho TNM, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike kikoʻī e like me kēia:

T: Ka nui o ka tumo mua

• TX: ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka tumo mua
• T0: ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka tumo mua
• T1, T2, T3, T4: wehewehe i ka nui o ka tumo mua a pehea i ulu ai i nā mea a puni.

N: Ka helu o nā wahi lymph āpana i hoʻopili ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai

• NX: ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma nā lymph kokoke
• N0: ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi maʻi ʻaʻai ma nā lymph node kokoke
• N1, N2, N3: wehewehe i ka helu a me kahi o nā lymph node i hoʻopili ʻia e ka maʻi ʻaʻai

M: Inā paha ua metastasized ka maʻi ʻaʻai a ʻaʻole paha

• MX: ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka metastasis
• M0: ʻaʻole pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino
• M1: ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai

No laila, like ke ʻano o kāu pae maʻi ʻaʻai me kēia: T2N1M0.

Ulu ulu a hāliʻi

ʻO nā kūpuna Benign

ʻO nā tumors Benign he noncancerous. Uhi ʻia lākou me nā hunaola maʻamau a ʻaʻole hiki ke lele i kahi kiko kokoke a i ʻole nā ​​meaola ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā tumors benign ke kumu i kekahi mau pilikia inā lākou:

• lawa nui e kaomi ma luna o nā meaola, kumu ʻeha, a i ʻole nānā pilikia
• Aia i ka lolo
• hoʻokuʻu i nā hormoni e hoʻopili i nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino

Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ʻōpala Benign ma ke ʻano ʻokiʻoki a ʻaʻole paha e ulu hou.

Nā kūpale kūpale

Kāhea ʻia nā tumors cancerous he malignant. Hana ʻia nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa ke hana nā ʻano ʻē DNA i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka mea maʻamau. Hiki iā lākou ke ulu i nā kiko kokoke, hohola ma o ke kahena o ke kahena a i ʻole limahana lymph, a hohola i loko o ke kino. Hoʻonui ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu malignant ma mua o nā tumign benign.

Pehea e hana ai i ka mālama ʻana e hōʻoki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma mua o ka manawa e hoʻolaha ai. Pili ka mālama i ka ʻano kikoʻī o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ke kahua. I nā manawa he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lāʻau ma mua o hoʻokahi therapy.

ʻOki kino

Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i loaʻa iā ʻoe, ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana ka lapaʻau mua loa. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻoki e hemo i kahi tumo, wehe ka mea lapaʻau i kahi ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi o nā mea a puni ka tumo e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i nā manawa o ka waiho ʻana i nā hunaola maʻi maʻi.

Hiki i ke ʻoki kino ke kōkua i ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke nānā ʻana i nā lymph node kokoke i ka tumo mua hiki ke hoʻoholo inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma kahi kūloko.

Pono paha ʻoe i ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka radiation therapy ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana. Hoʻohui hou paha kēia inā e waiho ʻia nā pūnaewele maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole hiki i ke koko a i ʻole ka lymph system.

Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo loa i kahi tumo, e lawe paha kāu kauka lāʻau i kahi ʻāpana o ia mea. Hiki ke kōkua i kēia inā ke kūpikipiki ke tumo i kahi meaola a i ʻole ke kumu o ka ʻeha.

Lapaʻau hoʻomākala

Hoʻohana ka radiation i nā kukuna ikaika loa e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻa a hoʻolohi i ko lākou ulu ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa nā kukuna i kahi kikoʻī o ke kino kahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka uila e hōʻino ai i kahi tumo a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka ʻeha. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana ma hope oʻoki e kuhikuhi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai i waiho ʻia ma hope.

ʻO Chemotherapy

ʻO Chemotherapy kahi mālama ʻōnaehana. Komo nā lāʻau Chemo i kou kahawai a hele a puni kou kino e ʻike a luku i nā ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale wikiwiki.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Chemotherapy e hoʻomake i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hoʻolohi i kona ulu ʻana, a hoʻemi i ka manawa e hana ai nā tumors hou. He mea maikaʻi ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ʻō aku o ka tumo mua a i ʻole inā he ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai kou no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea nāna i hoʻokau ʻia.

Pahuhopu kau ʻia

Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, akā ʻaʻole naʻe nā maʻi maʻi āpau i hoʻokele i nā lāʻau. Hoʻouka kēia mau lāʻau i nā protein kikoʻī e ʻae ai i nā tumors e ulu a pāhola.

Hoʻopilikia nā mea kāohi Angiogenesis i nā hōʻailona e ʻae ai i nā tumors e hana i nā kīʻaha koko hou a hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke kumu i ka make ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko e kū nei, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka tumo.

ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e like me ka prostate a me ka hapanui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, pono e ulu ʻo nā homone. Hiki i ka therapy Hormone ke hōʻoki i kou kino mai ka hana ʻana i nā hormona e hānai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kū kekahi i kēlā mau hormones mai ka launa pū ʻana me nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. Kōkua pū ka Hormone therapy e pale i ka hoʻi hou ʻana.

Immunotherapy

Hoʻoikaika nā Immunotherapies i ka mana o kou kino ponoʻī e hakakā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke hoʻoikaika i kou ʻōnaehana pale a kōkua iā ia e ʻike i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻO ke kāpili ʻōiwi a i ʻole ke kuhi iwi

ʻO kahi transplant cell stem, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he transplant ka iwi iwi, pani i nā hunaola hoʻoliʻiliʻi koko me nā mea olakino. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma hope o ka nui o ka chemotherapy a i ʻole radiation therapy e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻaʻi a e hooki i kāu mau hunaola mai ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaʻi maʻi maʻi.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā transplants cell Stem no kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e like me myeloma maha a me kekahi ʻano leukemia.

ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana

ʻAʻole maʻi ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano - a me nā subtypes - o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o kekahi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā nui nā loli e alakaʻi i nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai like ʻole.

Hiki i kāu oncologist ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻoi aku o ke ʻano maʻamau o kekahi ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai e pili ana i nā kikoʻī o kāu hōʻike pathology.