He aha ke ʻano o ka Heterozygous?

Anter

• Ka wehewehe ʻana o Heterozygous
• Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o heterozygous a me homozygous
• ʻO kahi hoʻohālike Heterozygous
• Kūlana piha
• Kūpono ʻole
• Codominance
• Nā genetona Heterozygous a me nā maʻi
• Maʻi ʻo Huntington
• Maʻi maʻi ʻo Marfan
• ʻO hypercholesterolemia ʻohana
• Lawe aku

Ka wehewehe ʻana o Heterozygous

Hana ʻia kāu genes e DNA. Hāʻawi kēia DNA i nā ʻōkuhi, kahi e hoʻoholo ai i nā ʻano e like me kou kala lauoho a me ke ʻano o ke koko.

Aia nā mana like ʻole o nā gen. Kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia mana he allele. No kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻelua mau alele: hoʻokahi mai kou makuakāne olaola a hoʻokahi mai kou makuahine hānau. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻalela he genotype.

Inā ʻokoʻa nā mana ʻelua, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi genotype heterozygous no ia gen. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka heterozygous no ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka lauoho hiki ke manaʻo he hoʻokahi kāu allele no ka lauoho ʻulaʻula a hoʻokahi alele no ka lauoho lauoho.

Hoʻopili ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻelua i nā ʻano i hōʻike ʻia. Hoʻoholo pū ia i nā ʻano āu e lawe ai.

E ʻimi kākou i ke ʻano o ka heterozygous a me ke ʻano o kāna hana i loko o kāu moʻokūʻauhau.

Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o heterozygous a me homozygous

ʻO ka genotype homozygous ka mea i kū i ka genotype heterozygous.

Inā homozygous ʻoe no kekahi gena kikoʻī, hoʻoilina ʻoe i ʻelua o nā ʻāʻalo like. ʻO ia ka mea i hāʻawi ai nā mākua olaola i nā ʻano like like ʻole.

I kēia hanana, loaʻa iā ʻoe i ʻelua mau alele maʻamau a i ʻole ʻelua mau alelu i hoʻololi ʻia. Hiki i nā alelu i hoʻohui ʻia ke hopena i kahi maʻi a e kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope. Hoʻopili kēia i nā ʻano e kū.

ʻO kahi hoʻohālike Heterozygous

I loko o kahi genotype heterozygous, pili nā ʻelua ʻelua i kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻoholo kēia pehea e hōʻike ʻia ai ko lākou ʻano.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokumu ʻia kēia pilina ma luna o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke allele i hōʻike ʻia me ka ikaika i kapa ʻia ʻo "dominant," ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia "recessive." Ua pale ʻia kēia ʻelele recessive e ka mea nui.

Kaukaʻi ʻia pehea e launa pū ai nā ʻāpana mana a me nā recessive, kahi genotype heterozygous e pili ana:

Kūlana piha

I ke kūlana piha piha, uhi uhi ka ʻeleelo mana i ka mea recessive. ʻAʻole hōʻike iki ʻia ka allele recessive.

ʻO kahi laʻana ka waihoʻoluʻu maka, ka mea i kaohi ʻia e nā gen. ʻO ka allele no nā maka ʻeleʻele ka mea nui i ka mea no nā maka polū. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēlā me kēia, he maka ʻeleʻele kou.

Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeleu recessive no nā maka polū. Inā hoʻohua ʻoe me kahi mea i loaʻa ka like like, hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maka polū o kāu keiki.

Kūpono ʻole

Kū ka mana piha ʻole i ka wā e hoʻopau ʻole ai ka allele mana i ka recessive. Ma kaho, hui pū lākou, kahi e hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano ʻekolu.

ʻIke pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano noho aliʻi i ke ʻano o ka lauoho. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe hoʻokahi alele no ka lauoho lauoho a hoʻokahi no ka lauoho pololei, e loaʻa ʻoe i ka lauoho wavy. ʻO ka waviness kahi hui o ka lauoho lauoho a me ka pololei.

Codominance

Hana ʻia ka Codominance ke hōʻike ʻia nā ʻala āpau i ka manawa like. ʻAʻole naʻe lākou e kāwili pū. Hōʻike like ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua.

ʻO kahi laʻana o ka codominance ka AB ʻano koko. I kēia hihia, hoʻokahi kāu allele no ka type A koko a hoʻokahi no ka type B. Ma kahi o ka huikau ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano ʻekolu, hana nā ʻelua āpau. lāua ʻelua ʻano koko. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ke koko AB ʻano.

Nā genetona Heterozygous a me nā maʻi

Hiki i kahi alele i hoʻohuli ʻia ke kumu i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻO ia no ka mea ua hoʻololi ka hoʻololi i ka hōʻike ʻana o DNA.

Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano, nui a recessive paha ka allele i hoʻololi ʻia. Inā ka mea nui, ʻo ia wale nō hoʻokahi kope mutated e pono ai ka hopena i ka maʻi. Kapa ʻia kēia he "maʻi nui" a "maʻi kūpilikiʻi paha."

Inā heterozygous ʻoe no kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāu makaʻala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā ia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā heterozygous ʻoe no kahi hoʻololi recessive, ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa. Lawe ka allele maʻamau a he lawe wale ʻoe. ʻO ke kumu kēia e loaʻa i kāu mau keiki.

ʻO nā laʻana o nā maʻi nui e komo pū me:

Maʻi ʻo Huntington

Hoʻopuka ka gen HTT i ka Huntin, kahi protein i pili i nā hunaola nerve i ka lolo. ʻO kahi mutation i kēia gen ke kumu o ka maʻi o Huntington, kahi maʻi neurodegenerative.

ʻOiai ka mana o ka gen mutated, kahi kanaka me hoʻokahi kope e hoʻomohala i ka maʻi o Huntington. ʻO kēia kūlana lolo holomua, e hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka wā makua, hiki ke kumu:

• neʻe ʻole
• pilikia pili manaʻo
• ʻike ʻilihuna
• he pilikia i ka hele wāwae ʻana, i ka ʻōlelo ʻana a i ka ale ʻana paha

Maʻi maʻi ʻo Marfan

ʻO ka maʻi o Marfan e pili ana i nā mea hoʻopili, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ikaika a me ke ʻano i nā hanana o ke kino. Hiki i ke ʻano genetical ke hana i nā ʻōuli e like me:

• iwi kuamoʻo meli ʻole, a scoliosis paha
• ʻo ka ulu o kekahi mau iwi lima a me ka wāwae
• nearsightedness
• nā pilikia me ka aorta, ʻo ia ke aʻa e lawe i ke koko mai kou puʻuwai i ke koena o kou kino

Pili ʻo Marfan's syndrome me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka FBN1 ʻāpana Eia hou, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano loli i koi ʻia e kumu i ke ʻano.

ʻO hypercholesterolemia ʻohana

Hana ʻia ka hypercholesterolemia ʻohana (FH) i nā genotypes heterozygous me kahi kope mutated o ka APOBA, ʻO LDLR, a i ʻole PCSK9 ʻāpana He mea maʻa mau ia, e pili ana i ka poʻe.

Hoʻokumu ʻo FH i nā pae kolesterol LDL kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi o ke aʻa coronary i ka wā ʻōpio.

Lawe aku

Ke heterozygous ʻoe no kahi moʻokūʻī kikoʻī, ke ʻano ia he ʻelua mau mana ʻokoʻa o kēlā ʻāpana. Hiki i ke ʻano mana ke pale loa i ka recessive, a i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke hui pū. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻike ʻia nā mana ʻelua i ka manawa like.

Hiki i nā gen genes ʻelua ke launa i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kā lākou pilina ka mea e kaohi ai i kāu hiʻona kino, ʻano koko, a me nā ʻano āpau e hoʻolilo iā ʻoe iho.