3 pae nui o ka hoʻokumu mimi

Anter

• 3 pae nui o ka hoʻokumu mimi
• 1. Ultrafiltration
• 2. Reabsorption
• 3. Huna
• Pehea e kāpae ʻia ai ka mimi

ʻO ka mimi kahi mea i hana ʻia e ke kino e kōkua ai e hemo i ka lepo, ka urea a me nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe mai ke koko. Hana ʻia kēia mau mea i kēlā me kēia lā e ka hana mau ʻana o nā mākala a me ke kaʻina o ka ʻai o ka meaʻai. Inā hōʻiliʻili kēia mau koena i loko o ke koko, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i nā kino like ʻole i ke kino.

ʻO kēia kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ke kānana koko, hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻōpala a me ka mimi i loko o nā puʻupaʻa, ʻelua mau lālā liʻiliʻi, ʻano like me ka pī i kū i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. E nānā iā 11 mau ʻōuli e hōʻike paha ʻaʻole e holo pono kāu mau puʻupaʻa.

I kēlā me kēia lā, kānana nā puʻupaʻa ma kahi o 180 liters o ke koko a hana wale i 2 liters o ka mimi, kahi hiki ke hana ʻia ma muli o nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka hoʻopau a me ka reabsorption o nā mea, ka mea e pale ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wai nui a i ʻole nā ​​mea nui no ke kino.

Ma muli o kēia kaʻina hana paʻakikī i hana ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa, nā ʻano o ka mimi i hoʻopau ʻia hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino. No laila, e ʻike i nā loli nui o ka mimi e hōʻike ai.

3 pae nui o ka hoʻokumu mimi

Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka mimi i ke kino, pono ia e hele ma waena o kekahi mau hanana nui, e pili pū ana me:

1. Ultrafiltration

ʻO ka Ultrafiltration ka pae mua o ke kaʻina hana mimi e hana ʻia i ka nephron, ka anakahi liʻiliʻi loa o ka puʻupaʻa. I loko o kēlā me kēia nephron, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi i nā puʻupaʻa i nā moku lahilahi, a he knot, i ʻike ʻia ʻo glomerulus. Ua pani ʻia kēia aka i loko o kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he capsule renal, a i ʻole capsule o Bowman.

Ke emi a liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o nā kīʻaha, kiʻekiʻe loa ke koko i ka glomerulus a no laila ua kipaku ikaika ʻia ke koko i nā paia o ka moku, e kānana ʻia. ʻO nā huna koko wale nō a me kekahi mau protein, e like me albumin, lawa nui ʻaʻole e hele a no laila noho i ke koko. Hele nā ​​mea āpau āpau i loko o nā tubula puʻupaʻa a ʻike ʻia ʻo ka filtrate glomerular.

2. Reabsorption

Hoʻomaka kēia pae ʻelua i ka wahi kokoke o nā tubules renal. Ma laila, kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai ke koko i ka kānana e hou hou ʻia i loko o ke koko ma o nā kaʻina hana e lawe ai, pinocytosis a i ʻole osmosis. No laila, hōʻoia ke kino i ka hoʻopau ʻole ʻia o nā mea nui, e like me ka wai, glucose a me nā amino acid.

Ma loko nō o kēia pae, hele ka kānana ma o ka ʻO Henle, kahi kūkulu ma hope o ka tubule proximal kahi e komo hou ai nā minelala nui, e like me ka sodium a me ka potassium, i loko o ke koko.

3. Huna

I kēia pae hope loa o ke kaʻina hana mimi, lawe ʻia kekahi mau mea i loko o ke koko i ka kānana. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea e pili ana i nā koena o nā lāʻau a me ka amonia, no ka laʻana, ka mea e pono ʻole ai i ke kino a pono e hoʻopau ʻia i mea e hana ʻole ai ka lāʻau make.

Mai ia manawa, ua kapa ʻia ka kānana mimi a hele i loko o nā koina puʻupaʻa i koe, a ma o nā ureter, a hiki i ka puhaka, kahi e mālama ʻia ai. Hiki i ka ʻōpala ke mālama a 400 a i ʻole 500 ML o ka mimi, ma mua o ka hoʻonele ʻia ʻana.

Pehea e kāpae ʻia ai ka mimi

Hana ʻia ka pūpū i kahi mākala lahilahi a me ka ʻono i loaʻa i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Mai ka 150 mL o ka mimi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, hoʻoneʻe mālie nā mākeke o ka pūpū, i hiki ai ke mālama i ka mimi hou aʻe. Ke hiki kēia, hoʻouna nā mea ʻimi liʻiliʻi i nā hōʻailona i ka lolo e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai ke kanaka.

Ke hele ʻoe i ka lumipaku, hoʻomaha ka sphincter urinary a me ka ʻaʻa o ka mākeke pūpū, kaomi ʻana i ka mimi ma loko o ka urethra a ma waho o ke kino.