ʻO HIV e nā Helu: ʻIke, Heluhelu, a ʻO ʻoe

Anter

• ʻO ka prevalence, incidence, a me nā helu make: A laila a i kēia manawa
• Nā Heluhelu: Nawai e loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV a pehea?
• Kahi: kahi pilikia nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa
• Kāohi i ka lawe ʻia o ka maʻi HIV
• ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka maʻi HIV

ʻO ka nānā ākea HIV

Ua hōʻike ka mea i nā hihia mua ʻelima i ʻike ʻia o nā pilikia mai HIV ma Los Angeles i Iune 1981. ʻO nā kāne olakino ma mua i loaʻa i ka maʻi pneumonia, a ua make ʻelua. I kēia lā, ua ʻoi aku ka miliona o ko ʻAmelika i ka maʻi.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi HIV ka hoʻopaʻi make. I kēia manawa, he 20 mau makahiki me ka HIV nāna e hoʻomaka i ka mālama mua ʻana hiki ke manaʻo e ola i kā lākou. ʻO ka maʻi, ka mea e hōʻeha i ka ʻōnaehana pale, hiki ke kaohi ʻia e nā lāʻau antiretroviral o kēia au hou.

ʻO ka prevalence, incidence, a me nā helu make: A laila a i kēia manawa

Loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV. No nā poʻe mai ka makahiki 13 a ʻoi aku me ka maʻi HIV ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike he maʻi ia na lākou.

Ua kuhi ʻia kahi mea hou me ka maʻi HIV ma 2016. I kēlā makahiki nō, 18,160 mau kānaka e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV i hoʻomōhala i ka pae 3 HIV, a i ʻole iā AIDS. Kūlike kēia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā lā mua o ka maʻi HIV.

Wahi a ka American Federation of AIDS Research, i ka hopena o 1992, 250,000 ʻAmelika i hoʻomohala i ka maʻi SIDA, a ua make he 200,000 o kēia mau mea. Ma ka 2004, ka helu o nā hihia o ka maʻi SIDA i hōʻike ʻia ma United States pani ʻia ma 1 miliona, me nā make i ʻoi aku ma mua o 500,000.

Nā Heluhelu: Nawai e loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV a pehea?

Wahi a ka, nā kāne i moe kolohe me nā kāne ma kahi o 67 pākēneka (39,782) o ka 50,000 poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV i ka United States ma 2016; o kēia, 26,570 i ʻaelike i ka maʻi ma ke ʻano he hopena o.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea hana i ka moekolohe me ka ʻole o ka condom a i ʻole ka puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV. Ma waena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma 2016, 2,049 kāne a me 7,529 mau wahine i loaʻa i kēia maʻi. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua emi nā diagnoses hou.

Ke hiki mai, 17,528 o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i 2016 i ʻeleʻele, 10,345 keʻokeʻo, a ʻo 9,766 he Latino.

ʻO ka poʻe ʻAmelika i ka nui o nā diagnoses i kēlā makahiki: 7,964. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe aʻe kēlā mau makahiki 20 a 24 (6,776) a 30 a 34 (5,701).

Kahi: kahi pilikia nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa

I ka 2016, ʻelima mau mokuʻāina wale nō i hana i ka hapalua o nā diagnoses hou i United States. ʻO kēia mau mokuʻāina ʻelima no 19,994 o 39,782 diagnostics hou, e like me ka:

• Kaleponi
• Pololika
• Texas
• Nuioka
• Keokia

Ua hōʻike ʻo AIDS.gov he 36.7 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e noho nei me ka maʻi HIV, a ua make ka 35 miliona mai ka makahiki 1981. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi HIV ke noho nei i nā lāhui ulu a me ka loaʻa kālā, e like me nā mea ma ka ʻĀpana ʻo Sahara ʻApelika.

Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka mālama ma waena o 2010 a me 2012 i kēia mau wahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe i makaʻu loa a puni ka honua i ke komo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke kāohi. Ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka 28.6 miliona mau kānaka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka loaʻa o ka loaʻa kālā kaulike e loaʻa iā ia ka lāʻau antiretroviral.

Kāohi i ka lawe ʻia o ka maʻi HIV

He mea nui ia no ka poʻe - keu hoʻi i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka makaʻu nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV - e hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia. He mea nui ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi HIV no nā hopena maikaʻi loa. Ma kahi o 44 pākēneka o nā kānaka 18 a 64 mau makahiki i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hōʻike e loaʻa ana kahi hōʻike HIV. Pono ka hoʻonaʻauao HIV ma 34 mau mokuʻāina a ma Wakinekona, D.C.

Mai ke kuanaʻike olakino lehulehu, ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HIV he mea nui ia e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe i loaʻa iā ia. Ua holomua kekahi holomua i kēlā ʻano. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i ka lā antiretroviral therapy i kēia manawa ke hōʻemi i nā manawa o ke kanaka maʻi HIV e hoʻoili nei i ka maʻi ma o ka 100 pākēneka, inā lawe mau ʻia ka lāʻau e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka maʻi i kahi pae i ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o ke koko.

Ua nui ka emi ʻana o nā helu lawe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ka waenakonu o 1980. ʻOiai ʻo nā kāne e moe kolohe me nā kāne he 4 pakeneka wale nō ka nui o nā kāne ma kēia ʻāina, aia lākou a puni ka poʻe i loaʻa hou i ka maʻi HIV.

ʻO ka hoʻohana condom ka mea i lilo i kumu kūʻai kū ʻole mua ʻole no ke kūleʻa i ka maʻi HIV. ʻO kahi pila i kapa ʻia ʻo Truvada, a i ʻole prophylaxis pre-exposed (PrEP), hāʻawi pū i ka pale. Hiki i kekahi kanaka me ka ʻole o ka HIV ke pale aku iā lākou iho mai ka loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi ma ka lawe ʻana i kēia pila hoʻokahi i ka lā hoʻokahi. Ke lawe pono ʻia, hiki i ka PrEP ke hoʻēmi i ka makaʻu o ka lawe ma mua o.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka maʻi HIV

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV, a hiki ke lawe i ka uku kālā nui i ka poʻe e noho pū ana me ia. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e lilo ma mua o $ 26 biliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma nā papahana HIV, e like me:

• ʻimi noiʻi
• hale noho
• lapaau
• kāohi

ʻO kēlā kālā, $ 6.6 biliona no ke kōkua ma waho. Hōʻike kēia mau lilo ma lalo o 1 pakeneka o ka waihona pekelala.

ʻAʻole wale ka pipiʻi hoʻōla ola, akā nui ka poʻe o nā ʻāina kūpilikiʻi me ka palena palena o ka waiwai i make a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke hana ma muli o ka maʻi HIV. Ua hoʻopili kēia i ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau lāhui.

Hoʻopili ka HIV i ka poʻe i loko o ko lākou mau makahiki hana. Pau nā ʻāina me ka nalowale o ka hana a, i nā manawa he nui, kahi hōʻemi nui o ka limahana. Hoʻopili kēia āpau i nā hopena koʻikoʻi i kā lākou hoʻokele waiwai aupuni.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV ma mua o ko lākou ola he $ 379,668. ʻO nā hōʻike e hiki ke lilo i kumu kūʻai kāohi ma muli o ke kumukūʻai lapaʻau e hōʻalo ai ke lawe ʻole ʻia ka maʻi ākea.