Mea Kākau: Morris Wright
Lā O Ka Hana: 27 Apelila 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 19 Nowemapa 2024
Anonim
The wreck of the MV Golden Ray.
Wikiō: The wreck of the MV Golden Ray.

Anter

He mea nui nā hōʻike hāpai keiki na ka mea hānau hānau e nānā i ka ulu a me ke olakino o ka pēpē, a me ke olakino o ka wahine, no ka mea, hoʻopilikia pololei ia i ka hāpai keiki. No laila, i nā kūkākūkā ʻana a pau, loiloi ke kauka i ke kaupaona o ka wahine hāpai, ke kaomi o ke koko a me ke anapuni o ka pūhaka, a hōʻike i ka hana o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua, e like me ke koko, mimi, gynecological a me nā ultrasound examinations.

Eia hou, i kekahi mau hihia, keu hoʻi i ka hala ʻana o ka wahine ma mua o 35 mau makahiki, hiki i ke kauka ke koi aku i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hāpai ʻana i kēia makahiki. No kēia kumu, hana pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana a me ka biopsy o ka villus chorionic, amniocentesis a me cordocentesis, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia i ka trimester mua o ka hāpai ʻana, no ka mea, he mea nui e nānā i ke olakino o ka wahine i nā pule mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Mai ka ʻelua trimester o ka hāpai ʻana, ua noi ʻia nā hōʻike liʻiliʻi, e kuhikuhi nui ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē.


Nā hōʻike nui i ka hāpai ʻana

Kuhi ʻia nā hoʻāʻo i ka wā hāpai e nānā i ke olakino o ka pēpē a me ka wahine hāpai a nānā i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma o nā hoʻokolohua i noi ʻia e ka mea hānau hānau, hiki ke ʻike inā aia kekahi mau hoʻololi e pili ana i ka pēpē a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia i ka wā hāpai a i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO nā hōʻike nui e hoʻokō ʻia i ka wā hāpai.

1. Heluhelu koko piha

Hoʻolālā ka helu o ke koko e hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hunaola o ka wahine, e like me nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a me nā platelet, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hunaola kino o ke kino i ʻike ʻia i kēia hoʻāʻo, nā leukocytes. No laila, mai ka helu o ke koko, hiki i ke kauka ke nānā inā loaʻa nā maʻi a inā aia nā hōʻailona o ka anemia, no ka laʻana, a hōʻike ʻia paha ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui.


2. Ke ʻano koko a me ka helu Rh

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hōʻike koko e nānā i ka pūʻulu koko o ka makuahine a me ka Rh factor, inā he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha. Inā loaʻa ka maikaʻi Rh i ka makuahine a me ka maikaʻi Rh o ka pēpē i hoʻoilina ʻia mai ka makuakāne, ke pili ke koko o ka pēpē me ka makuahine, e hoʻopuka ka ʻōnaehana paleʻāina o ka makuahine i nā mea pale kūʻē iā ia, i kumu ia, i ka hāpai keiki 2, maʻi hemolytic o ka hānau hou. No laila, he mea nui e hana ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua i ka trimester mua o ka hāpai ʻana, no ka mea, inā pono, hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā hana e hōʻalo ai i kahi pane pale i hoʻonui ʻia.

3. glucose hoʻokēʻai

He mea nui ka hoʻokēʻai ʻana i ka glucose e nānā inā aia ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, a he mea nui ia e hana ʻia i ka ʻekahi mua a me ka lua o ka hapalua o ka hāpai ʻana, a e nānā i ka mālama a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kō, no ka laʻana, inā ka wahine ua hāpai. ua ʻike ʻia.

Eia hou, ma waena o nā pule he 24 a me ka 28 o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i ke kauka ke hōʻike i ka hana o ka hoʻāʻo TOTG, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi me kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka glucose waha a i ʻole ka ninaninau ʻana i ka pākana glycemic, kahi hōʻike kikoʻī no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi kō. . Hoʻomaopopo pehea e hana ai ʻo TOTG.


4. Nā hoʻāʻo e ʻike i nā maʻi

Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia kekahi mau maʻi ʻino e nā virus, parasites a i ʻole bacteria i ka pēpē i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana a i ʻole keakea ʻana i kāna ulu ʻana, e like me nā hihia i hiki ai iā lākou keʻaʻa i ka placenta. Eia hou, i ka hihia o nā wahine i loaʻa i kahi maʻi infectious maʻi, e like me HIV, no ka laʻana, he mea nui e nānā mau ke kauka i ka maʻi i loko o ke kino a hoʻoponopono i nā kaona o nā lāʻau,

No laila, ʻo nā maʻi nui e loiloi ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua i ka wā hāpai.

  • Syphilis, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi bacteria Treponema pallidum, hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i ka pēpē i ka wā hāpai a i ʻole i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana, e hopena ana i ka syphilis congenital, hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ke kuli, ka makapō a me nā pilikia neurological i ka pēpē. ʻO ka ninaninau ʻana no ka syphilis ʻike ʻia ʻo VDRL a pono e hana ʻia i ka ʻekahi a me ka lua o ka hapalua o ka hāpai ʻana, me ka hoʻohui o ka mea nui i ka wahine e mālama pono i ka lāʻau e hōʻalo ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka pēpē;
  • HIV, ka mea i hiki ke kumu i Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS, a hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i ka pēpē i ka wā hānau. No laila, he mea nui e ʻike ʻia ka wahine, nānā ʻia ka ukana viral a hoʻoponopono ʻia ka lapaʻau.
  • ʻO Rubella, ʻo ia kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi ʻino o ka ʻohana Rubivirus a i ka loaʻa ʻana i ka wā hāpai hiki ke hopena i nā malformations o ka pēpē, kuli, hoʻololi i nā maka a i ʻole microcephaly, he mea nui e mālama ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i ka maʻi i ka wā hāpai;
  • Cytomegalovirus, e like me rubella, hiki i ka maʻi cytomegalovirus ke hopena i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē, hiki ke hana ʻia ke hoʻomaka ʻole ka wahine i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki i ka maʻi ke hele i ka pēpē ma o ka placenta a i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana. No kēia kumu, he mea nui e nānā ʻia e ʻike ai i ka maʻi cytomegalovirus i ka wā hāpai;
  • Toxoplasmosis, He maʻi maʻi lele ia i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi parasite i hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka pēpē ke hiki mai ka maʻi i ke trimester hope o ka hāpai ʻana a, no laila, he mea nui e akahele ka wahine e hōʻalo i ka maʻi, a hana i ka hōʻike. e hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana a pale i nā pilikia. E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka toxoplasmosis i ka hāpai keiki;
  • Hepatitis B a me C, ʻo ia nā maʻi laha i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi ʻino i hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka pēpē, hiki ke hānau i ka wā ma mua a i ʻole pēpē hānau haʻahaʻa.

Pono e hana i kēia mau hoʻāʻo i ka trimester mua a hana hou ʻia i ka lua a me / a i ʻekolu paha ʻekolu o ka hāpai ʻana, e like me ke alakaʻi a ka mea hānau hānau. Eia hou, i ke kolu o ka trimester o ka hāpai keiki, ma waena o ka 35th a me ka 37th wiki o ka hāpai ʻana, he mea nui e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka wahine no ka hui B streptococcus, ka Streptococcus agalactiae, ʻo kahi koʻohune he ʻāpana ia o ka microbiota liʻiliʻi o ka wahine, akā kaukaʻi ʻia i kāna nui e hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka pēpē i ka manawa hānau. E ʻike pehea e hana ʻia ai ka hoʻokolohua e ʻike ai i ka pūʻulu B streptococcus.

5. Ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka mimi a me ka moʻomeheu mimi

ʻO ka urinalysis, i ʻike ʻia ʻo EAS, he mea nui e ʻike i ka maʻi o ka urinary tract, ka mea pinepine i ka wā hāpai. Ma waho aʻe o ka EAS, hōʻike pū ke kauka ua hana ʻia ka moʻomeheu mimi, keu hoʻi inā hōʻike ka wahine i nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi, ʻoiai mai kēia hoʻokolohua hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kuleana o ka microorganism no ka maʻi a, no laila, hiki i ka kauka e hōʻike i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa.

6. Kelepona

He mea nui ka hana ʻana o ke ultrasound i ka wā hāpai, no ka mea, ʻae ia i ke kauka a me ka wahine e nānā i ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē. No laila, hiki ke hana ʻia ka ultrasound e ʻike ai i ke kū ʻana o ka embryo, ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana a kōkua e hoʻoholo i ka lā o ka hānau ʻana, ka puʻuwai o ka pēpē, ke kūlana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hana ʻia ka ultrasound ma nā trimesters āpau o ka hāpai keiki, e like me ke alakaʻi a ka mea hānau hānau. Ma waho aʻe o ka ultrasound maʻamau, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi loiloi ultrasound morphological, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ke alo o ka pēpē a ʻike ʻia nā maʻi. E ʻike pehea e pau ai ka hōʻike ultrasound morphological.

7. Nā hoʻāʻo gynecological

Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻike i hōʻike mau ʻia e ke kauka, koi ʻia paha nā hōʻike gynecological i mea e loiloi ai i ka ʻāina pili. Paipai ʻia paha e hana i ka hoʻokolohua pale, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Pap smear, kahi e nānā ai i ke kū ʻana o nā loli i ka cervix e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. No laila, he mea nui ka hana o kēia mau hoʻokolokolo e pale i nā pilikia no nā wahine.

Nā hoʻokolohua no nā hāpai hāpai kiʻekiʻe

Inā ʻike ke kauka he hāpai hāpai kiʻekiʻe ia, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike he nui aʻe nā hoʻokolohua e mālama ʻia i mea e loiloi ai i ka pae o ka makaʻu a, no laila, e hōʻike i nā hana e hōʻemi ai i ka pilikia o ka hāpai a me nā pilikia kūpono no ka makuahine a me no ka pēpē. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hāpai hāpai kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā wahine ma mua o 35 mau makahiki, me ka likelihood o ka hāpai ʻana a me nā pilikia.

ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i nā hua manu ke hoʻololi i kekahi mau hoʻololi e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka pēpē e loaʻa ana i kekahi maʻi maʻi maʻi, e like me Down's Syndrome. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā ​​wahine a pau i hāpai ma hope o ka 35 mau makahiki i loaʻa i nā pilikia i ka wā hāpai, hānau keiki a i ʻole postpartum, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu ma waena o nā wahine he nui, nā diabetic a i ʻole nā ​​uahi.

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e ke kauka ʻo:

  • ʻO Fetal biochemical profile, ka mea lawelawe e kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i nā maʻi genetika i ka pēpē;
  • ʻO ka biopsy Corus villus villus a me / a fetal karyotype, ka mea lawelawe e kuhikuhi i nā maʻi kūlohelohe;
  • Fetch echocardiogram a me electrocardiogram, ka mea e loiloi i ka hana o ka puʻuwai o ka pēpē a hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi kīnā ʻole i ka pēpē ma o nā hoʻokolokolo mua ʻana.
  • Palapala ʻāina, i kuhikuhi ʻia no nā wahine hypertensive, e nānā i ka pilikia o ka pre-eclampsia;
  • ʻO Amniocentesis, kahi e ʻike ai i nā maʻi kūlohelohe, e like me Down syndrome a me nā maʻi, e like me ka toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus. Pono e hana ma waena o ka hebedoma 15 a me 18 o ka hāpai ʻana;
  • Cordocentesis, i ʻike ʻia he laʻana koko fetal, lawelawe i mea e ʻike ai i kekahi hemahema chromosomal i loko o ka pēpē a i ʻole manaʻo ʻia he maʻi ʻōpala rubella a me ka hopena o ka toxoplasmosis i ka hāpai ʻana;

He mea nui ka hana o kēia mau hoʻāʻo no ka mea kōkua ia i ke kuhi i nā hoʻololi nui i hiki ke mālama ʻia i mea e pili ʻole ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka fetus. Eia nō naʻe, me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana a pau, aia nā maʻi a me nā syndrome e ʻike wale ʻia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.

Mahalo

Lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū

Lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū

Hiki ke hana i ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū me ke ʻoki ʻana, chemotherapy, radiotherapy a me ka immunotherapy, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ke olakino olakino o kēlā kanaka.ʻO ka...
Thrush pinepine: 7 kumu nui a me ka mea e hana ai

Thrush pinepine: 7 kumu nui a me ka mea e hana ai

ʻO ka thru h recu h, a i ʻole ka maʻi wāwae a me ka waha, kūlike i kahi leona liʻiliʻi i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka waha, ka alelo a me ka ʻāʻī a hana i ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka ʻai ʻana a me ka al...