He aha ka endemik, pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho a me nā maʻi hope loa

Anter

• Nā maʻi hope loa
• Pehea e pale ai i nā endemics

Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka endemikies ma ke ʻano o ke alapine o kekahi maʻi, pili pinepine ʻia i kahi ʻāina ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau, pili kaiaulu, maʻemaʻe a me nā meaola. No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kahi maʻi inā he hanana ke loaʻa nā hihia me kekahi alapine i kekahi wahi i hāʻawi ʻia.

ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau kapu ʻia nā maʻi endemik i hoʻokahi ʻāina wale nō, a ʻaʻole hoʻolaha ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke kau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ke alapine e like me ka manawa o ka makahiki, e like me ka laʻana o ka maʻi melemele, i manaʻo ʻia he hopena ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Brazil a piʻi ka pinepine i ke kauwela. ʻo ia ka manawa wela loa o ka makahiki ma kēia ʻāina.

Nā maʻi hope loa

ʻO nā maʻi i manaʻo ʻia he hopena nā mea i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i kahi ʻāpana i hāʻawi ʻia a i nā manawa kikoʻī, nā mea nui:

• Fiva melemele, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he hopena ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Brazil a lawe ʻia e ka makika Aedes aegypti a Hoʻāla ʻo Haemagogus;
• Malaria, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he maʻi hopena ma ka ʻĀkau o Brazil me ka pinepine pinepine i nā manawa wela o ka makahiki a ua kumu ʻia e ka nahu o ka makika o ka genus ʻO Culex i loaʻa i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu Plasmodium sp.;
• ʻO Schistosomiasis, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka parasite ʻO Schistosoma mansoni a he hopena ia ma nā wahi me kahi aniau tropical a nele i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau, keu hoʻi i nā wahi kahi e kahe pinepine ai nā kahawai.
• Leishmaniasis, he maʻi lele ia e ka nahu makika o ka genus Lutzomyia i loaʻa i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu Leishmania chagasi, ka mea pinepine i nā aniau wela;
• Dengue, ʻo ia kekahi o nā maʻi hopena hope loa a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hihia i kiʻekiʻe i nā mahina wela a maloʻo loa o ka makahiki;
• ʻO Hookworm, ʻo ia kahi parasitosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka parasite Ancylostoma duodenale;
• ʻO Filariasis, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ʻO Wuchereria bancrofti, ʻo ia ka hopena ma ka ʻĀkau a me ka ʻĀkau Hikina o Brazil;
• Maʻi Chagas, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka parasite ʻO Trypanosoma cruzi a he hopena ia ma nā wahi kahi nui o ka ʻaihue ʻoki, ʻo ia ka pōpoki kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i ka poʻe.

ʻO ka hanana ʻana o kahi maʻi endemia pili i nā kumu waiwai, e like me ka nele o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau a me ka wai i mālama ʻia, ka moʻomeheu, ke kaiaola, e like me ka hoʻohaumia a me nā ʻano pae e makemake i ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā vector, ka nohona a me nā meaola, e like me ka maʻalahi o ka poʻe a me ka transmissibility o ka maʻi infectious.

Pehea e pale ai i nā endemics

I mea e pale ai i ka hanana ʻana o nā maʻi endemik, he mea nui e loiloi i nā kumu i makemake i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau maʻi. No laila, e pale a pale aku i nā maʻi endemik, he mea nui e mālama ʻia nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka nohona a me nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma nā wahi endemik, a me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā hoʻolālā e pale ai i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka mea maʻi infectious a me ka makaʻu o ka lawe maʻi i nā poʻe.

Hoʻohui ʻia, he mea nui e hōʻike ʻia ka hanana ʻana o nā maʻi endemik i ka ʻōnaehana olakino i hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika ʻia nā hana pale a me nā kaohi.