Palekana anei ke olakino ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa maka?

Anter

• Nā ʻano o nā ipu iʻa maka
• Nā maʻi ʻino Parasitic mai nā iʻa maka
• Nā Puʻupuʻu Ate
• Nā Tapeworms
• ʻAi puni
• Nā maʻi maʻi koʻohune
• Hiki i nā iʻa maka ke loaʻa i nā helu kiʻekiʻe o nā Pollutants
• He aha nā pono o ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka?
• Pehea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i nā pilikia o ka iʻa maka
• Ka Laina Lalo

Nui nā kumu kūpono e kuke ai ka poʻe i ka iʻa ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka maka.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ka kuke ʻana e pepehi i ka bacteria a me nā parasites i hiki ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi.

Eia naʻe, makemake kekahi poʻe i ke ʻano a me ka ʻono o ka iʻa maka. Kaulana nui ʻia ia ma Iāpana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā ipu e like me ka sushi a me ka sashimi.

Akā pehea ka palekana o ka iʻa maka? Loiloi kēia ʻatikala i nā pilikia a me nā pono.

Nā ʻano o nā ipu iʻa maka

Ke ulu nei nā ipu iʻa maka i ke kaulana. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:

• Sushi: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi mahele o nā kīʻaha Kepanī, ʻo ka sushi e ka kuke ʻia, ka laiki a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me ka iʻa maka.
• Sashimi: ʻO kekahi kīʻaha Kepanī i ʻoki ʻia me nā iʻa maka a iʻa paha.
• Poke: ʻO kahi salakeke Hawaiʻi i hana mau ʻia me nā ʻāpana o nā iʻa maka i kāwili ʻia a kāwili pū ʻia me nā mea kanu.
• ʻO Ceviche: ʻO kahi ipu iʻa iʻa māmā wale ʻia i makemake ʻia ma Latin America. ʻO ka maʻa maʻamau ka iʻa maka i hoʻōla ʻia i ka wai lemon a i ʻole ka wai lime.
• ʻO Carpaccio: ʻO ka maʻamau i Italia, ʻo ka carpaccio kahi ipu i komo mua ʻia me ka ʻiʻo pipi ʻia a i kuʻi ʻia. E uhi paha ka huaʻōlelo i nā kīʻaha like me nā ʻano ʻiʻo o ka iʻa maka a iʻa paha.
• Koi pla: ʻO kahi kīʻaha ʻĀkia Hikina Hema e hoʻopili ʻia me nā iʻa maka maka maikaʻi i kāwili ʻia me ka wai lime a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me ka iʻa iʻa, kālika, nā chis, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu.
• ʻO Soused herring: ʻO ka hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i maka ʻia ma ka Netherlands.
• ʻO Gravlax: ʻO kahi kīʻaha Nordic i hana ʻia i nā salemona maka i hoʻōla ʻia i ke kō, ka paʻakai a me ka pi. ʻAi ʻia ia me ka ʻono mākeke.

ʻO kēia mau kīʻaha kahi mea nui o ka moʻomeheu meaʻai a puni ka honua.

ʻO ka iʻa maka ka mea nui i nā kīʻaha like ʻole a puni ka honua, e laʻa me ka sushi, sashimi a me ceviche.

Nā maʻi ʻino Parasitic mai nā iʻa maka

ʻO kahi parasite kahi mea kanu a holoholona paha e hānai ana i kahi meaola ola ʻē aʻe, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mea hoʻokipa, me ka ʻole e hāʻawi i nā pōmaikaʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi.

ʻOiai kekahi o nā parasites ʻaʻole i kumu i kekahi mau ʻōuli koʻikoʻi, he nui paha ka mea e hōʻeha i ka wā lōʻihi.

ʻO nā maʻi Parasitic i nā kānaka kahi pilikia olakino nui i nā ʻāina pāhili he nui. Hoʻouna ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou e ka wai inu maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai i kuke pono ʻole ʻia, me nā iʻa maka.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kēia pilikia ma ke kūʻai ʻana i iʻa maka mai nā hale ʻaina hilinaʻi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻolako i lawelawe pono a hoʻomākaukau.

Aia ma lalo kahi hōʻike o kekahi o nā maʻi parasite nui i hiki ke lawe ʻia i nā kānaka ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka a moa ʻole paha.

Nā Puʻupuʻu Ate

ʻO ka flukes ate he ʻohana o flatworms parasite e kumu i kahi maʻi i ʻike ʻia ʻo opisthorchiasis.

Kūleʻa pinepine nā maʻi maʻi i nā wahi tropical o ʻAsia, ʻApelika, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻEulopa Hikina ().

Kuhi ka poʻe noiʻi aia ma kahi o 17 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hapa nui ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, ua hoʻopili ʻia e ka opisthorchiasis.

Noho nā ʻōpala o ke ake mākua i nā ʻāʻī o nā kānaka maʻi a me nā māmela ʻē aʻe, kahi e hānai ai lākou i ke koko. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i ke ake, ka maʻi o ke aʻa o ka bile, ka pehu o ka gallbladder, nā gallstones a me nā maʻi ʻaʻai ate ().

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka opisthorchiasis me he mea lā e ʻai ana i nā iʻa maka a kolohe ʻole paha. ʻO nā lima holoi ʻole ʻia a me nā papa hana hoʻomākaukau ʻai haumia a me nā pono kīhini e pāʻani pū kekahi (,).

Nā Tapeworms

Lawe ʻia nā tapeworms iʻa i ka poʻe e ʻai i ka iʻa wai maka a i ʻole ʻai papa ʻia a iʻa iʻa kai e ulu i nā kahawai wai hou. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia i ka salemona.

ʻO lākou ka parasite nui loa i ʻike ʻia e hoʻopili i nā kānaka, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 49 mika (15 mika). Kuhi nā ʻepekema a hiki i ka 20 miliona mau kānaka ke maʻi ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa (,).

ʻOiai ʻaʻole pinepine nā tapeworms iʻa i nā ʻōuli, e kumu lākou i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo diphyllobothriasis.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o diphyllobothriasis maʻa mau a hoʻopili pū me ka luhi, hōʻoluʻolu o ka ʻōpū, diarrhea a i ʻole constipation ().

Hiki i ka Tapeworms ke ʻaihue i nā huina nui o nā meaola mai ka ʻōpū o ka mea hoʻokipa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lāʻau B12. Hāʻawi kēia i ka pae haʻahaʻa vitamona B12 a i ʻole hemahema ().

ʻAi puni

Hoʻokumu paha nā roundworms parasite i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo anisakiasis. Noho kēia mau ilo i loko o nā iʻa kai, a i ʻole iʻa e hoʻolilo i kekahi hapa o ko lākou ola i ke kai, e like me ka salemona.

Kūleʻa pinepine nā maʻi maʻi i nā wahi kahi e ʻai pinepine ʻia ka iʻa iʻa a iʻa liʻiliʻi paha a paʻakai ʻia paha, e like me Scandinavia, Iapana, Netherlands a me ʻAmelika Hema.

ʻAʻole like me nā parasite i lawe ʻia i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, Anisakis ʻAʻole hiki i nā roundworms ke noho i loko o nā kānaka no kahi lōʻihi.

Hoʻāʻo lākou e burrow i loko o ka paia ʻōpū, ma laila lākou e paʻa ai a make loa. Hiki i kēia ke kumu i kahi hopena pale maʻi nui e alakaʻi ai i ka mumū, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū a me ka luaʻi (,).

Hiki i ka Anisakiasis ke kumu i nā hopena pale a inā paha ua make nā ʻenuhe ke ʻai ʻia ka iʻa ().

Hiki i kekahi ʻohana o ka parasitic roundworm ke kumu i kahi maʻi i ʻike ʻia ʻo gnathostomiasis ().

Loaʻa kēia mau ilo i loko o nā iʻa maka a moa ʻole paha, nā moa a me nā rana ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, Latin America, India a me ʻApelika Hema. Eia nō naʻe, laha ka maʻi ma waho o ʻAsia.

ʻO nā ʻōuli nui ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka luaʻi, ka nalowale o ka makemake a me ke kuni. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻonāukiuki paha ia i nā ʻili o ka ʻili, nā huehue, ka ʻili a me ka pehu ʻana ().

Ke kaukaʻi nei i kahi o ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa e neʻe ai ka larvae parasitic, hiki i ka maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi i loko o nā meaola like ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻai mau ʻana i ka iʻa maka e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o nā maʻi parasito. Hiki i nā iʻa iʻa iʻa iʻa iʻa ke noho i ke kanaka, ʻoiai ka hapa nui o lākou he laha ʻole a i ʻole loaʻa wale i nā tropics.

Nā maʻi maʻi koʻohune

ʻO kekahi kumu e kuke ai ka iʻa ka makaʻu o ka lāʻau make.

ʻO nā ʻōuli nui o ka lāʻau makeʻai e komo pū me ka ʻōpū huhū, nausea, ka luaʻi a me ka diarrhea.

Loaʻa i nā koʻohune hoʻoweliweli ʻino i nā iʻa maka Listeria, ʻO Vibrio, ʻO Clostridium a Salmonella (, , ).

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi mai ka US ma kahi o 10% o ka iʻa iʻa i lawe ʻia mai a me 3% o nā iʻa maka kai kūloko i hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻia Salmonella ().

Eia nō naʻe, no ka poʻe olakino, liʻiliʻi ka makaʻu o ka lāʻau make mai ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka.

ʻO nā kānaka me nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali, e like me ka poʻe ʻelemākule, nā keiki ʻōpio a me nā mea maʻi HIV, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i nā maʻi. Pono kēia mau pūʻulu kūlana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻalo i ka ʻiʻo maka a me nā iʻa.

Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia nā wahine hāpai e kūʻē i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka ma muli o ka makaʻu o ka Listeria maʻi, i hiki ke make i ka fetal.

I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 12 i kēlā me kēia 100,000 mau wahine hāpai e maʻi i ka US ().

ʻO kekahi pilikia e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka ka lāʻau make ʻai. Pono ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali e hōʻalo i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo maka a me nā iʻa.

Hiki i nā iʻa maka ke loaʻa i nā helu kiʻekiʻe o nā Pollutants

Kūpilikiʻi nā pollutants ʻokanika mau (POP), hana kemika i hana ʻia e nā ʻoihana, e like me nā biphenyls polychlorinated (PCBs) a me nā esters diphenyl polybrominated (PBDEs).

ʻIke ʻia ka iʻa e hōʻiliʻili i nā POP, ʻo ia hoʻi nā iʻa i mahi ʻia, e like me ka salemona. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā iʻa i hoʻohaumia ʻia ke ʻano o ka lawehala nui (,,).

ʻO ka lawe kiʻekiʻe ʻana o kēia mau mea haumia i hoʻopili ʻia me nā maʻi maʻi mau e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻano 2 (,).

ʻIke ʻia kahi noiʻi aia ka nui o nā POP ma kahi o 26% ka liʻiliʻi o ka salmon kuke i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka salmon maka o ka ʻano like ().

ʻO nā metala kaumaha, e like me ka mercury, kekahi hopohopo olakino. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe he 50-60% ka nui o ka mercury bioaccessible ma lalo o nā iʻa i hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma mua o nā iʻa maka ().

ʻAʻole maopopo loa ke ala o kēia hana, akā ʻike ʻia e pili ana me ka nalo ʻana o ka momona mai nā mea iʻa i ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ana.

ʻOiai paha he maikaʻi ke kuke ʻana i ka iʻa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i kāu hōʻike i nā mea haumia he nui, ʻaʻole holo paha ia ma nā mea haumia āpau ().

ʻO ka iʻa kuke ke hōʻike ʻia e hōʻemi i nā pae o kekahi mau mea poke, e like me PCB, PBDE a me ka mercury.

He aha nā pono o ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka?

Aia kekahi mau pono olakino i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka.

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole i loko o ka iʻa maka ka mea hoʻohaumia i hana ke kālua ʻia a iʻa ʻia ka iʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā iʻa i hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma lalo o ka wela wela ke loaʻa i nā ʻano he aminositera heclositlic ().

Ua pili ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i kahi nui o nā amina heterocyclic me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ().

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka iʻa ʻana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nui o nā omega-3 momona momona, e like me ka eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) a me ka docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (,).

I ka pōkole, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa paha kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka maikaʻi o ke olakino ke kuke ka iʻa.

Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi mau pono ʻē aʻe i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka i pili ʻole i ke olakino. ʻAʻole pono ka kuke e mālama i ka manawa, a ʻo ka mahalo i nā ipu iʻa maka e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka moʻomeheu.

ʻAʻohe i loko o nā iʻa maka nā mea haumia e hana i ka wā o ke kuke. Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mea momona, e like me ka lōʻihi o ka omega-3 fatty acid.

Pehea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i nā pilikia o ka iʻa maka

Inā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu i ka ʻono a me ke ʻano o ka iʻa maka, nui a hewahewa nā ala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ka parasite a me nā maʻi koʻohune.

• E ʻai wale i ka iʻa maka i paʻa i ka hau: ʻO ka iʻa iʻa no hoʻokahi pule ma -4 ° F (-20 ° C), a i ʻole 15 mau hola ma -31 ° F (-35 ° C), kahi hoʻolālā maikaʻi no ka luku ʻana i nā parasites. Akā e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole i anuanu ke anuanu i kekahi mau pahu hau ().
• E nānā i kāu iʻa: ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka iʻa i ʻike maka ʻia ma mua o kou ʻai ʻana he mea pono nō ia, akā ʻaʻole lawa paha ia no ka mea he paʻakikī nā parasite e ʻike.
• Kūʻai mai nā mea hoʻolako maikaʻi: E hōʻoia e kūʻai i kāu iʻa mai nā hale ʻaina hilinaʻi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻolako iʻa i mālama a mālama pono iā ia.
• E kūʻai i nā iʻa i hoʻoalili ʻia: E kūʻai wale i nā iʻa i hoʻuanuanu ʻia a hōʻike ʻia ma lalo o kahi uhi ma kahi moena hau paʻapū.
• E nānā hou ʻaʻala hou: Mai ʻai i ka iʻa i ʻaʻala a iʻa nui loa paha.
• Mai mālama i ka iʻa hou no ka lōʻihi loa: Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i kāu iʻa, mālama i ka hau i loko o kāu pahu hau a ʻai i loko o nā lā ʻelua o ke kūʻai ʻana.
• Mai haʻalele i ka iʻa no ka lōʻihi loa: Mai waiho i ka iʻa i waho o ka pahu hau no ka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hola paha. Hoʻonui wikiwiki nā bacteria i ke ana wela o ka lumi.
• E holoi i kou mau lima: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou mau lima ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka iʻa maka i mea e pale ʻole ai i ka meaʻai āu e lawelawe ai ma hope.
• E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kāu lumi kuke a me nā pono hana: Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia nā pono kīhini a me nā papa hoʻomākaukau meaʻai e pale i ka hoʻohaunaele.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole luku ka hau i nā bacteria āpau, kū ia i ko lākou ulu a hiki ke hōʻemi i kā lākou helu ().

ʻOiai ʻo ka mar maring, brining a i ʻole puhihihi puhi paha i nā iʻa e hōʻemi i ka helu o nā parasites a me nā bacteria i loaʻa iā lākou, ʻaʻole paʻa pono kēia mau ʻano hana no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ().

ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e hemo ai i nā parasite i nā iʻa maka ka mea e paʻa ai ia ma -4 ° F (-20 ° C) no ʻehiku mau lā. Hoʻopau pū ke kūpale i ka ulu ʻana o ke koʻohuna, akā ʻaʻole ia e luku i nā maʻi āpau.

Ka Laina Lalo

Pili ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa maka me ka nui o ka makaʻu o nā maʻi parasito a me ka lāʻau make. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka makaʻu ma ka hāhai ʻana i kekahi mau alakaʻi maʻalahi.

No ka poʻe hoʻomaka, kūʻai mau i kāu iʻa mai nā mea hoʻolako kaulana.

Hoʻohui ʻia, pono e paʻa i ka iʻa maka maka, no ka mea ke anuanu ia ma -4 ° F (-20 ° C) no hoʻokahi pule e pono e luku i nā parasites āpau.

E mālama i ka iʻa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka hau i loko o ka pahu hau a ʻai i loko o nā lā ʻelua.

Ma hope o kēia mau kulekele, hiki iā ʻoe ke leʻaleʻa i ka iʻa maka ma ka home a ma nā hale ʻaina ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilikia i kou olakino.