ʻO nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo coronavirus

Anter

• He aha nā ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻāʻo COVID-19?
• Pehea e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua antibody COVID-19?
• Pehea lākou e hōʻoia ai no ka coronavirus?
• Pehea ka pololei o nā hoʻokolohua COVID-19?
• ʻEhia ke kumukūʻai e hoʻāʻo ai no ka coronavirus?
• Pehea ka lōʻihi e loaʻa ai nā hopena hōʻike COVID-19?
• Nānā no

Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19, ua hoʻomau pinepine ka poʻe loea i ka olakino lehulehu i ke koʻikoʻi o kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokolohua maikaʻi i ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka maʻi. ʻOiai ʻoe e lohe nei e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka coronavirus no nā mahina, maliʻa iki paha ʻoe i nā kikoʻī.

ʻO ka mea mua, e ʻike i kēia: Nui a hewahewa nā koho hoʻokolohua ma waho, a ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka pololei o kekahi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kekahi o lākou. He ʻano pono kā kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā hōʻike coronavirus ~ mea ~ e hele nei, akā hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻole ʻoe i hele i ke kula kauka a aia he mea hou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā manawa āpau, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke mālama i nā mea āpau.

Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻāʻo no COVID-19 a i ʻole makemake e heluhelu i ka ʻike a me waho o ka hoʻāʻo coronavirus, eia ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike. (Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona, ​​heluhelu pū kekahi: He aha e hana ai inā manaʻo ʻoe he coronavirus kāu)

He aha nā ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻāʻo COVID-19?

Ma ka laulaha, aia ʻelua mau ʻano nui o nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic no ka SARS-CoV-2, ʻo ka maʻi hoʻomaʻamaʻa e loaʻa ai iā COVID-19. ("Diagnostic" ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike inā loaʻa ka maʻi iā ʻoe i kēia manawa.)

Hiki i nā hoʻāʻo ʻelua ke ʻike i kahi maʻi COVID-19 e hana ana, akā ʻokoʻa lākou, e like me ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Wāwahi ka FDA i kēia ala:

• Hōʻoia PCR: Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he hoʻāʻo molecular, ʻimi kēia hoʻāʻo i nā mea genetic a COVID-19. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hoʻokolohua PCR e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi laʻana o ka mea maʻi a hoʻouna iā ia i kahi lab no ka ʻimi ʻana.
• Hōʻike Antigen: ʻIke pū ʻia hoʻi me nā hoʻokolohua wikiwiki, nānā nā antigen test i nā protein kikoʻī mai ka maʻi. Ua ʻae ʻia lākou no ka wahi o ka mālama, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke hana i ka hōʻoia ma ke keʻena o ke kauka, haukapila, a i ʻole kahi hoʻokolohua.

Inā ʻoe e kipa aku i kāu kauka mālama mua no kahi hōʻike, e loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi hōʻike PCR, i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Amesh A. Adalja, MD, he haumāna kiʻekiʻe ma ka Johns Hopkins Center no Health Security. "He mau antigen paha kā kekahi mau keʻena." ʻO ka hōʻaike āu e hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ai ka mea a kāu kauka i ka waihona, kā lākou makemake pilikino, a me kāu mau hōʻailona (inā he mea kāu). "ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻāʻo antigen i ka FDA no ka nānā ʻana asymptomatic, a he nui nā kauka ʻaʻole e kauoha i ka hoʻāʻo antigen no kekahi me nā hōʻailona ʻole," wehewehe ʻo Kauka Adalja.

ʻO nā hōʻoia coronavirus ma ka home kahi koho ʻē aʻe. I ka waenakonu o Nowemapa, ua ʻae ka FDA i ka hōʻike COVID-19 mua loa ma ka home, i kapa ʻia ʻo Lucira COVID-19 All-In-One Test Kit. Ua like ʻo Lucira me ka hoʻāʻo PCR i ka nānā ʻana ʻelua no nā mea kūpilikiʻi mai ka maʻi (ʻoiai ʻo ko Lucira hana molekiola e "manaʻo pinepine ʻia ʻaʻole pololei" ma mua o nā hōʻike PCR, e like me ka Nu Ioka Manawa). Hoʻopuka ʻia ka pahu e ka palapala kuhikuhi a ʻae i ka poʻe nona ka makahiki 14 a ʻoi paha e hoʻāʻo iā lākou iho ma ka home me kahi swab nasal i hāʻawi ʻia. Mai laila mai, hoʻokomo ʻia ka pāpaʻi i loko o ka ipu (i hele pū mai me ka pahu), a loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena ma loko o 30 mau minuke.

Pehea e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua antibody COVID-19?

I kēia lā, ua ʻae ka FDA ma mua o 50 mau hoʻokolohua antibody coronavirus e hiki ke hoʻoholo inā ua loaʻa mua ʻoe i ka COVID-19 ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ke alo o nā antibodies paʻa - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā protein e hoʻopaʻa i kahi maʻi (i kēia hihia, COVID- 19). Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo FDA ʻaʻole maopopo inā ke kū nei o kēia mau mea pale paʻa paʻa he kumu haʻahaʻa ia o ka maʻi COVID-19 e hiki mai ana. Unuhi: ʻo ka hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea pale mūhū ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi hou ʻia me COVID-19.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻowalewale coronavirus āpau i ka like ʻano o nā antibodies, ʻoiai. ʻO kahi hoʻāʻo, i kapa ʻia ʻo cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit, e ʻimi no ka neutralizing antibodies ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā antibodies. ʻO ka neutrizing antibodies he mau protein e hoʻopaʻa i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī o kahi pathogen, e like me ka FDA. ʻAʻole like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā antibodies, ua loaʻa nā antibodies neutralizing i ʻike ʻia i kēia hoʻāʻo COVID i kahi hoʻonohonoho lab e hōʻemi i ka maʻi maʻi viral o SARS-CoV-2. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pale pale pale pale, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e maʻi hou ʻia me COVID-19 a i ʻole e hoʻomohala i kahi hihia koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, ke waiho mau kēlā mau mea ʻino i loko o kou kino, e like me ka FDA. Ua paʻi ʻia ka noiʻi ma ka puke pai lapaʻau Immunity Kuhi e hiki ke noho i loko o ke kino no ka neoneo ʻana i nā mea ʻino ma kahi o ʻelima a ʻehiku mau mahina ma hope o ka maʻi COVID-19.

ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, ʻike ka FDA i ka hopena o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā antibodies ma SARS-CoV-2 i loko o ke kanaka "ke noiʻi ʻia nei." Ka manaʻo, hoʻāʻo maikaʻi no kekahi ʻAʻole ʻo ke ʻano o nā antibodies coronavirus ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i ka maopopo. (Nui aʻe ma aneʻi: he aha ka manaʻo maoli o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka Coronavirus Antibody Antibody?)

Pehea lākou e hōʻoia ai no ka coronavirus?

Aia kekahi ʻano, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo āu e loaʻa nei. Inā ke hana nei ʻoe i kahi hōʻailona antibody i hana ʻia, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona koko. Akā ʻokoʻa iki nā mea me ka PCR diagnostic a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo antigen.

E hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo PCR ma o ka nasopharyngeal swab, e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻano lōʻihi, lahilahi, e like me ka Q-tip no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā cell mai ke kua loa o kāu ʻaoʻao ihu, a i ʻole ka nasal swab, e like me ka nasopharyngeal swab akā ' hoʻi hou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo ka FDA hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hoʻokolohua PCR me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aspirate / lavage (ʻo ia hoʻi ka holoi ihu) a i ʻole hāpana saliva, e like me ka hoʻāʻo. ʻO ka antigen test, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, lawe mau ʻia me ka nasopharyngeal a i ʻole ka nasal swab.

I ka hapanui o nā hanana, e hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻoe ma o ka swab nasopharyngeal, wahi a Dr. Adalja. "ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu," ʻae ʻo ia. "He ʻokoʻa loa ia ma mua o ke kau ʻana o kou manamana lima i kou ihu a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i kahi kihi Q i kou ihu." Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka ihu liʻiliʻi ma hope, a hōʻole kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma muli o kēlā pilikia, wahi a Kauka Adalja. Akā ʻo kēlā ukiuki manawa pōkole he kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi ia e uku ai no kahi hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi e hōʻemi ai i ka laha ʻana o COVID-19.

Pehea ka pololei o nā hoʻokolohua COVID-19?

Pili ka pololei o ka ho'āʻo ʻana ʻo Coronavirus he nui o na kumu like ole. ʻO ka mea mua, ke ʻano o ka hōʻoia diagnostic loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea. "Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻāʻo PCR i ke kūlana gula," wahi a William Schaffner, M.D., he loea maʻi infectious a me ke kaukaʻi ma ke kula ʻo Vanderbilt University of Medicine. "Inā loaʻa ka manawa kūpono a maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha ʻoe ma kekahi o ia mau mea, maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha ʻoe."

ʻOkoʻa iki ka hoʻāʻo antigen wikiwiki. "Ua kaulana lākou no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hopena hoʻopunipuni hewa ʻole [ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻike ʻana ʻaʻole ʻoe i loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi ke loaʻa maoli ʻoe]," wahi a Kauka Schaffner. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kahi 50 pākēneka o nā hōʻike antigen COVID āpau e hiki ai ke hoʻohua i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, "pono ​​ʻoe e wehewehe me ke akahele," i wehewehe ai ʻo Dr. Schaffner. No laila, inā ua hōʻike koke ʻia ʻoe i kekahi me COVID-19 a hōʻoia ʻoe i ka maikaʻi ʻole me kahi hōʻike antigen wikiwiki, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hilinaʻi loa he maikaʻi ʻole ʻoe, i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.

He mea nui nō hoʻi ka manawa, wahi a ka loea ʻoi loa o ka maʻi ʻo Debra Chew, MD, M.H.H., he polofesa kōkua no ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. "Inā ʻoe i kakahiaka nui i kou maʻi, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hōʻike i kahi māka viral kahi e maikaʻi ai ka hoʻokolohua," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. "Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā hōʻike lohi loa ʻoe no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, maikaʻi ʻole paha ʻoe, ʻoiai inā he virus maoli kāu."

Ke haʻohaʻo nei, he aha lā ke manaʻo ʻia he "mua" a "lohi paha"? ʻO kahi loiloi hou o ʻehiku mau haʻawina i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke moʻolelo olakino Nā Annals o ka Lapaʻau Kūloko kau i kēia kaʻina manawa i ke kuanaʻike: ʻO ka likelika o kahi hopena hōʻike PCR hewa ʻole maikaʻi e hoʻemi ʻia mai ka 100 pākēneka i ka lā 1 ma hope o ke kū ʻana i 67 pakeneka i ka lā ʻehā. A i ka lā i hoʻomohala ai kekahi i nā hōʻailona (ma ka awelika, ʻelima mau lā ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana), ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ma kahi o 38 pākēneka e loaʻa i kahi heluhelu wahaheʻe. E emi ana kēlā manaʻo i ka 20 pakeneka ʻekolu mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona - ʻo ia hoʻi ka pololei o kāu hopena hōʻike PCR coronavirus inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo ʻia ma kahi o ʻelima a ʻewalu mau lā ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana a ma kahi o ʻekolu mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​e like me ka loiloi.

ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kou kali ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - ma loko o ke kumu, wahi a Kauka Schaffner. Inā ʻike ʻoe ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i kekahi me COVID-19, paipai ʻo ia e kali a ʻeono mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana e hoʻāʻo. "ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e lilo i mea maikaʻi e huli maikaʻi i ka lā ʻeono, ʻehiku, a i ʻole ʻewalu paha," wehewehe ʻo ia.

ʻEhia ke kumukūʻai e hoʻāʻo ai no ka coronavirus?

Aia ma kahi āu e hele ai. Inā ʻoe e kipa aku i kahi kahua hoʻāʻo coronavirus, pono ʻole ia, me ka nānā ʻole inā he ʻinikua olakino kou, wahi a Dr. Adalja. Inā ʻoe e kipa i kāu kauka mālama mua a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, pono e uhi ʻia ka hōʻike ponoʻī e ka ʻinikua (ʻoiai hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo e lilo ke kuleana no ka co-uku), wahi a Richard Watkins, MD, he kauka maʻi infectious ma Akron, Ohio , a he polofesa no ka lāʻau kūloko ma ke Kulanui Lapaʻau ʻo Northeast Ohio. "Inā hopohopo ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kelepona i ka helu ma ke kua o kāu kāleka ʻinikua a hōʻoia," wahi a Kauka Watkins. (Eia pehea e ulu nei ʻo telemedicine i ka wā o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19.)

Inā ʻaʻohe ʻinikua olakino akā hele ʻoe i ke keʻena o ke kauka a i ʻole ka haukapila no ka hoʻāʻo coronavirus, ʻo ʻoe nō ke kuleana no ke kumukūʻai o ke kipa holoʻokoʻa, wahi a Kauka Schaffner. Hiki ke loaʻa nani pipiʻi e pili ana i kahi āu e hele ai (noʻonoʻo: ma waena o $ 20 a $ 850 no kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua, a ʻaʻole pili i nā uku ʻē aʻe i ʻāpana o ka kipa).

E pili ana i kahi e hoʻāʻo ai no ka coronavirus, hou, nā pūnaewele hoʻāʻo coronavirus (ʻo ia hoʻi nā kikowaena olakino i kou kaiāulu) ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o kāu pili ʻoiai ua manuahi lākou. Ke hana pū nei ʻo CVS, Walgreens, a me Rite Aid i nā pūnaewele hōʻike COVID-19 pop-up (ʻaʻole paha e hele mai me nā kumukūʻai o waho o ka ʻeke, e hilinaʻi ana i kāu kūlana ʻinikua). E nānā pono i nā pūnaewele o kāu mokuʻāina a me nā keʻena olakino kūloko no nā mea hou e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo coronavirus kokoke iā ʻoe.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e loaʻa ai nā hopena hōʻike COVID-19?

Eia hou, pili. Hiki iā ia ke hala i mau hola a i kekahi mau lā (i kekahi manawa i hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi paha) e loaʻa ai nā hopena o kāu hōʻike PCR, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kāu keʻena kūloko, wahi a Dr. Schaffner. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua Antibody ke hala i mau lā i mau pule e loaʻa ai kāu mau hopena - pili hou i ka lab i hoʻouna ʻia iā ia.

ʻO nā hōʻoia Antigen, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā hopena ma lalo o hoʻokahi hola, e like me ka FDA. Akā hou, kēia ʻano hana, ʻoiai wikiwiki, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he pololei e like me kahi hōʻike PCR.

ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea e lawe i kāu hopena hōʻike coronavirus me kahi paʻakai. "ʻO ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole ʻaʻole ʻoe i maʻi i ka manawa o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i hana ʻia," wehewehe ʻo Dr. Watkins. "Ua loaʻa paha ʻoe i ka maʻi i ka manawa."

Inā hōʻoia ʻoe i ka maikaʻi ʻole no ka maʻi akā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻōuli o COVID-19, Paipai ʻo Kauka Chew e kiʻi i kāu kauka mālama mua e hoʻāʻo hou paha ʻoe. (E pili ana: I ka manawa hea, pololei, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe iho inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka Coronavirus?)

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koho i kēia manawa, e hoʻomanaʻo wale ʻaʻole ia he hana kūpono. "Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe i nā pane piha [i kēia maʻi maʻi]," wahi a Kauka Schaffner. "A ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi iā lākou me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā COVID-19."

Pololei ka ʻike ma kēia moʻolelo e like me ka manawa paʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hou e pili ana i ka coronavirus COVID-19, ua loli paha kekahi mau ʻike a me nā manaʻo i kēia moʻolelo mai ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana. Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā pinepine me nā kumuwaiwai e like me ka CDC, ka WHO, a me kāu keʻena olakino kūloko kūloko no ka ʻikepili a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hou loa.

Nānā no