ʻO ka maʻemaʻe he ʻumikūmālima: 15 mau meaʻai i haʻahaʻa i nā pesticides

Anter

• 1. ʻApekila
• 2. Kālā ʻAno
• 3. Paina
• 4. Kāpeti
• 5. Onioni
• 6. ʻO nā pī piʻi paʻahau
• 7. Papaya
• 8. ʻO Asparagus
• 9. Mango
• 10. Eggplant
• 11. Melon Melani
• 12. Kiwi
• 13. Kaulana
• 14. Kaʻiwaʻi
• 15. Broccoli
• Ka Laina Lalo

ʻO nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu i ulu mau ʻia i loaʻa nā koena pesticide - ʻoiai ma hope o kou holoi a ʻili ʻana iā lākou.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaneʻane mau nā koena ma lalo o nā palena i kau ʻia e ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1).

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi wā lōʻihi i nā pesticides liʻiliʻi ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maka o kekahi mau maʻi ʻalā a me nā pilikia momona (,).

ʻO ka papa inoa Clean Fifteen ™ makahiki - i paʻi ʻia e ka Environmental Working Group (EWG) - hoʻonohonoho i nā hua a me nā mea kanu i haʻahaʻa loa i nā koena pesticide, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o USDA.

No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka papa inoa, loiloi ka EWG i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ʻokanika ʻole he 48 i hui pū ʻia me US, (4).

Hōʻike ka papa helu o kēlā me kēia helu i kahi helu i hui ʻia mai ʻeono mau ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka helu ʻana i ka pesticide haumia (5).

Eia ka papa inoa Maʻemaʻe Maʻumikumamālima - hoʻomaka me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pesticide-haumia.

1. ʻApekila

ʻO kēia hua olakino, momona momona i kuhi i ka helu helu hoʻokahi no ka mea liʻiliʻi i hōʻino ʻia i ka pesticide (6).

I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka USDA iā 360 avocados, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1% i nā koena pesticide - a me nā mea i koe, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano pesticide i loaʻa (7).

E hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā meaʻai ma mua o ke kālailai ʻana, e like me ka holoi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻili ʻana iā lākou. E like me ka ʻili maʻamau o ka ʻili mānoanoa o ka avocados, hemo ka hapa nui o kāna pesticides ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana (1, 8).

Loaʻa ka Avocados i ka momona monounsaturated olakino a me kahi kumu maikaʻi o ka fiber, folate a me nā huaora C a me K (9).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Aia nā Avocados i nā pesticides liʻiliʻi o kēlā me kēia huahana huahana maʻamau. Ma muli o kekahi o kā lākou peel mānoanoa, ma lalo o 1% o nā avocado i hoʻāʻo ʻia i loaʻa ke koena pesticide.

2. Kālā ʻAno

Ma lalo o 2% o nā kānana momona i lao ʻia - me ka kulina ma ka ʻupena a me nā kernels paʻahau - i ʻike ʻia nā koena pesticide (6, 10).

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia pae i nā koena o glyphosate, i kapa ʻia ʻo Roundup, kahi pesticide hoʻopaʻapaʻa i hoʻololi ʻia kekahi ʻano kulina e kūʻē. Ua hoʻomaka wale ka FDA i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kō no nā koena glyphosate (10, 11).

Ma ka liʻiliʻi 8% o ke kulina momona - a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka māla starchy i hoʻohana ʻia i nā meaʻai i hana ʻia - ulu ʻia mai nā ʻanoʻano genetically (GM) (5, 12).

Inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo nei e hōʻalo i nā meaʻai GM a me glyphosate, e kūʻai i nā huahana kulina ʻokanika, i ʻae ʻole ʻia e hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka glyphosate.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kulina momona i nā pesticides a hana maʻalahi i ka papa inoa o ka EWG. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokolohua kēia kālailai no ka plyide glyphosate, i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā hua kulina i hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā genetically.

3. Paina

I nā hoʻokolohua o 360 mau paina, ʻaʻole loaʻa he 90% mau koena pesticide - no ka ʻāpana o ko lākou ʻili mānoanoa, hiki ʻole ke inu ʻia e hāʻawi i kahi pale pale kūlohelohe (6, 13).

ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ka EWG i ka hoʻohaumia o ke kaiapuni mai nā pesticides i hoʻohana ʻia e ulu i kēia hua tropical.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻopōʻino nā pesticides mai nā māla pineapa i Costa Rica i ka wai inu, pepehi i ka iʻa a me nā pilikia olakino i nā mahiʻai (,).

No laila, nā pineapple ʻokanika - inā he hou, paʻahau a pākī paha - pono paha ke kūʻai ʻana e paipai i nā ʻano mahiʻai hoʻomau hou aku.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Kōkua ka ʻili mānoanoa o ka pineapple i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka pesticide i ka ʻiʻo hua. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā pesticides ke kanu i nā pineapa hiki ke hoʻohaumia i nā lako wai a hoʻopōʻino i nā iʻa, no laila ke kūʻai aku nei i nā meaola i ka mahiʻai eco-friendly.

4. Kāpeti

Ma kahi o 86% o nā cabbages i laʻana i loaʻa ʻole kahi koena o nā pesticide i ʻike ʻia, a ʻo 0.3% wale nō i hōʻike ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻano pesticide (6, 16).

No ka mea hoʻopuka ka cabbage i nā mea i kapa ʻia he glucosinolates e pale ai i nā mea ʻino ʻino, koi kēia mea kanu koluseus i ka liʻiliʻi o ka pīpī ʻana. Hiki i kēia mau mea kanu like ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa (,).

He kiʻekiʻe pū ka kāpeti i nā huaora C a me K, e hoʻolako ana iā 54% a me 85% o ka Reference Daily Intake (RDI) no 1 kīʻaha (89 gram) o ʻokiʻoki ʻia, nā lau maka, (19).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo ʻO ka kāpeti kahi mea kanu pesticide haʻahaʻa i loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui e pale kūlohelohe i nā mea kolo a hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i kāu makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

5. Onioni

ʻIke ʻia nā koena pesticide ma lalo o 10% o nā aniani i laʻana, i kālailai ʻia ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o nā ʻili o waho o ka ʻili (6, 7, 8).

ʻOiai nō, aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe āu e makemake ai e noʻonoʻo i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā aniani ʻokanika. I loko o kahi makahiki ʻeono mau makahiki, ua piʻi ka 20 mau onika i 20% kiʻekiʻe i nā flavonol - nā mea hoʻohui e pale ai i ke olakino puʻuwai - ma mua o nā mea ulu maʻamau (,).

ʻO kēia paha no ka mea ʻo ka mahiʻai manuahi pesticide e paipai i nā mea kanu e hoʻomohala i kā lākou pono pilikino kūlohelohe - me nā flavonols - kūʻē i nā mea kolo a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe ().

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo ʻOiai ma lalo o 10% o nā ʻaka i hoʻāʻo ʻia i hōʻike i nā koena pesticide, makemake paha ʻoe e koho i nā meaola. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻonika i loko o nā flavonol pale-puʻuwai ma mua o nā mea i ulu maʻamau.

6. ʻO nā pī piʻi paʻahau

Ma kahi o 80% o nā pī ʻono momona i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i loaʻa ʻole kahi koena pesticide (6, 23).

ʻAʻole nō naʻe i helu nā pī pi. Hoʻohui ʻia nā peas snap i ka US ma ke ʻano he 20 mau mea kanu maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai e lawe ʻia nā pi i lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he 14 mau mea kanu i pesticide (4).

ʻO kēia mau helu ʻilihuna ʻilihune no ka peas snap kekahi ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka pod holoʻokoʻa - e like me ka ʻai pinepine ʻana o nā peas snap me ka pā. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā pi pe ma hope o ka pū ʻana. Hiki ke hōʻike pono ʻia ka pā i nā pesticides a no laila e like me likelier e hoʻohaumia ʻia (8).

ʻO nā peʻa momona kahi kumu maikaʻi o ka fiber a kahi kumu maikaʻi loa o nā huaora A, C a me K (24).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo ʻO ka hapa nui o nā peʻa momona momona ʻaʻole e ʻike i nā koena pesticide i hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, nā peas snap - kahi e ʻai maʻamau a puni - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma nā koena pesticide.

7. Papaya

Ma kahi o 80% o nā papaya i hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻaʻohe koena pesticide i hiki ke ʻike ʻia, ma muli o ke kālailai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo wale nō - ʻaʻole ka ʻili a me nā ʻanoʻano. Kōkua ka ʻili i ka pale o ka ʻiʻo mai nā pesticides (6, 7, 8).

ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā papaya Hawaiʻi i mea e pale aku ai i kahi maʻi e hiki ke luku i ka hua. Inā makemake ʻoe e hōʻalo i nā meaʻai GM, koho i nā meaola (, 26).

ʻO Papaya kahi kumu waiwai nui o ka wikamina C, ke hāʻawi nei i 144% o ka RDI i 1 kīʻaha (140 gram) cubed. ʻO ia kahi kumu maikaʻi o ka puluniu, wikamina A a me folate (27).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma kahi o 80% o nā papaya i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā koena pesticide. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā papaya i nā genetically, no laila inā he hopohopo kēlā, e koho i ka meaola.

8. ʻO Asparagus

Ma kahi o 90% o ka asparagus i nānā ʻia i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​pesticides (6) i hiki ke ʻike ʻia.

E hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka asparagus ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka lāʻau, ma lalo o 2 ʻīniha (5 cm) o ka ihe a holoi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻai ma lalo o ka wai paila no 15-20 kekona, a laila ninini ʻia (6, 8, 28).

Hoʻokomo ʻo Asparagus i kahi enzyme i hiki ke kōkua i ka wāwahi ʻana i ka malathion, kahi pesticide i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā nalo e hoʻouka i ka mea kanu. Hiki i kēia ʻano ke hōʻemi i nā koena pesticide ma asparagus ().

ʻO kēia mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaulana kahi kumu maikaʻi o ka fiber, folate a me nā huaora A, C a me K (30).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo ʻO ka hapa nui o nā laʻana asparagus ʻaʻohe koena pesticide i ana ʻia. Loaʻa i ka Asparagus kahi enzyme i hiki ke kōkua i ka wāwahi ʻana i kekahi mau pesticides.

9. Mango

No nā laʻana mango 372, ʻaʻohe o nā koena pesticide i ana ʻia he 78%. ʻO kēia tropical, hua momona i hoʻāʻo ʻia me ka peel ma hope o ka holoi ʻana ma lalo o ka wai kahe a ninini (6, 8, 28).

ʻO Thiabendazole ka pesticide maʻamau i nā mango haumia. Manaʻo ʻia kēia kemika mahiʻai i mea ʻawahia ma nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ke koena i loaʻa i ka hua he haʻahaʻa loa ia a ma lalo pono o ka palena o EPA (28, 31).

Hoʻokahi kīʻaha (165 gram) o ka mango e kaena ai i ka 76% o ka RDI no ka wikamina C a me 25% o ka RDI no ka huaora A (beta-carotene), e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻiʻo i kona kala ʻalani alohi (32).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma kahi kokoke i 80% o nā mango i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā koena pesticide i hiki ke ʻike ʻia, a ʻo ka pesticide pesticide maʻamau i lalo loa o ka palena o ka EPA.

10. Eggplant

Ma kahi o 75% o nā eggplants i laʻana ua manuahi nā koena pesticide, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau pesticides i ʻike ʻia ma nā mea me nā koena. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua ʻia nā eggplants me ka wai no 15-20 kekona, a laila ninini ʻia (6, 8, 33).

Hiki i nā Eggplants ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻano pests like me nā ʻōmato, aia ma ka ʻohana nighthade. Eia nō naʻe, helu 10 nā ʻōmato ma ka papa inoa ʻo EWG's Dirty Dozen ™ o ka hapanui o nā huahana pesticide-haumia, a ma muli paha o ko lākou ʻili lahilahi (4).

He ʻano momona ka hua moa a ka Eggplant e lilo ia i ipu nui maikaʻi no nā mea kanu mea ʻai. E hoʻāʻo e ʻokiʻoki i kahi eggplant nui i loko o nā ʻāpana mānoanoa, palaki māmā me ka aila ʻoliva, kāpīpī me nā mea ʻala a me ka ʻai e hana ai i nā mea ʻaila ʻole.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma kahi kokoke i 75% o nā eggplants i kālailai ʻole ʻia nā koena pesticide, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia mau laʻana me ka ihi.

11. Melon Melani

Pale aku ka ʻili mānoanoa o ka meli meli i nā pesticides. Ma kahi o 50% o nā meldew melons i laʻana i loaʻa ʻole kahi koena pesticide (6).

ʻO kēlā me nā koena, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma mua o ʻehā mau pesticides a me kā lākou huahana breakdown (6).

Pahu Honeydew 53% o ka RDI no ka wikamina C i 1 kīʻaha (177 gram) o nā pā melon. He kumu maikaʻi nō hoʻi ia o ka potassium a me ka hydrating loa, no ka mea aia ma kahi o 90% ka wai (34).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā meli meli i hoʻāʻo ʻia ua kaʻawale mai nā koena pesticide, a ʻo nā mea me nā koena i loaʻa ʻole ma mua o ʻehā ʻano ʻokoʻa.

12. Kiwi

ʻOiai paha ʻoe e ʻili i ka ʻili fuzzy o kiwi, he mea ʻai ia - ʻaʻole e haʻi ʻia kahi kumu maikaʻi o ka fiber. No laila, holoi ʻia nā kiwi i laʻana akā ʻaʻole wehe ʻia (8).

I ke kālailai, 65% o nā kiwi i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​koena pesticide i hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Ma waena o kēlā me nā koena, a ʻeono mau pesticides i ʻike ʻia. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo nā strawberry - kahi e paʻa ai ka helu ʻekahi i ka Dirty Dozen - he koena mai 10 mau pesticides ʻokoʻa (4, 6).

Ma waho aʻe o ka fiber, ʻo kiwi kahi kumu nui o ka lāʻau C - hāʻawi iā 177% o ka RDI i hoʻokahi hua waena (76 gram) (35) wale nō.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma kahi o 2/3 o nā kiwi i laʻana ʻole ka nui o nā koena pesticide. I waena o ka poʻe me nā koena i hiki ke ʻike ʻia, ʻeono mau pesticides ʻokoʻa i loaʻa.

13. Kaulana

ʻO 372 cantaloupes i hoʻāʻo ʻia, ma luna o 60% ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia o nā pesticide residences, a ʻo 10% wale nō o kēlā me nā koena i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻano. Hāʻawi ka ʻili mānoanoa i kahi pale pale i nā pesticides (6, 7).

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā bacteria hoʻoweliweli ke hoʻohaumia i ka ʻohana cantaloupe a hoʻohuli i ka ʻiʻo ke ʻoki ʻoe i ka melona. ʻO ka ʻupena net net a me nā pae waikawa haʻahaʻa e lilo ia i mea maikaʻi no ka bacteria ().

I mea e kōkua ai i ka hemo ʻana i nā koʻohune - a me kekahi o ke koena pesticide - pono ʻoe e ʻānai i ka cantaloupe a me nā melon ʻē aʻe me kahi palaki a me ka wai anuanu ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana. E mālama mau i nā meli ʻokiʻoki e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka makaʻu i ka lāʻau make.

ʻO kahi kīʻaha 1-kīʻaha (177-gram) o nā cantaloupe ʻoi aku ma mua o 100% o ka RDI no nā huaora A (e like me beta-carotene) a me ka huaora C (37).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma mua o 60% o nā cantaloupes i hōʻoia ʻia ʻaʻohe koena pesticide i ana ʻia. Holoi a holoi mau i ka ʻili o nā cantaloupes ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana - ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā koena pesticide akā no ka hemo ʻana i nā bacteria maikaʻi ʻole.

14. Kaʻiwaʻi

Ma waho aʻe o ka mea ʻo 50% o nā cauliflowers i hoʻāʻo ʻia i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​koena pesticide i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole kekahi o nā mea i koe i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau pesticides ʻokoʻa (6, 7).

Ua loaʻa ka imidacloprid pesticide e hoʻohaumia iā 30% o nā laʻana cauliflower. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koena ma lalo o ka palena o ka EPA, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e pili ana ka imidacloprid a me nā pesticides like i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka meli a me nā pi o nā ʻāhiu ʻāhiu (7,).

Ma ke ʻano he hapakolu o ka lako o ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka pollination a nā nalo meli a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, ke koho ʻana i ka cauliflower meaola ke kōkua i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka mahiʻai ʻoluʻolu (40).

He kumu waiwai ʻo Cauliflower i ka wikamina C, e ʻūlū nei i ka 77% o ka RDI no 1 kīʻaha (100 gram) o nā florets maka (41).

Hoʻohui ʻia, waiwai ka cauliflower a me nā mea kanu kīʻaha ʻē aʻe i nā mea kanu e kōkua i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi a hoʻemi paha i kou makaʻi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā maʻi puʻuwai ().

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā cauliflowers i laʻana i pesticide-free. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi pesticide pili ke hōʻeha i nā pi, a he mea nui ia no ka pollination ʻana i nā mea kanu meaʻai. No laila, ʻo ka cauliflower meaola ke koho akamai loa no ke kaiapuni.

15. Broccoli

ʻO 712 mau laʻana o kēia mea kanu kolio, ma kahi o 70% i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​koena pesticide. Eia kekahi, ʻo 18% wale nō o ka poʻe me nā koena i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi pesticide (6, 43).

ʻAʻole hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo Broccoli e ka nui o nā mea ʻino e like me kekahi mau mea ʻai no ka mea exudes the same insect-detringring plant compound - glucosinolates - as cabbage. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pesticides i noi ʻia i broccoli e luku i ka fungus a me nā nāhelehele ma mua o nā mea kolo (, 43).

E like me nā mea kanu kolio, waiwai nui ka broccoli i nā mea kanu e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mumū a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. He kiʻekiʻe pū kekahi ia i ka wikamina C a me ka wikamina K, e hāʻawi ana iā 135% a me 116% o ka RDI i 1 kīʻaha (91 gram) o nā florets maka, (44).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Ma kahi o 70% o nā laʻana broccoli manuahi nā koena pesticide, ma kekahi ʻāpana no ka mea aia nā mea kanu i kāna repellents insect maoli.

Ka Laina Lalo

Inā hoʻowalewale kāu moʻohelu kālā e kūʻai i nā mea ulu a ke hopohopo nei ʻoe e pili ana i ka pesticide exposed, ʻo ka EWG's Clean Fifteen he maikaʻi i koho ʻia e nā Conventionally me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa pesticide haʻahaʻa.

Ke hōʻike nei nā hōʻike i nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia ma ka US e hōʻike ana i ka Maʻemaʻe he ʻumikūmālima - e like me ka avocado, cabbage, ʻaka, mango, kiwi a me broccoli - loaʻa pinepine a loaʻa ʻole paha nā koena pesticide. Hoʻohui ʻia, maikaʻi kēia mau koena ma waena o nā palena ʻo EPA.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻēmi hou i kāu hōʻike pesticide ma ka holoi ʻana i kāu mea i loaʻa ma lalo o ka wai e holo ana ma kahi o 20 kekona, a laila kahe (45).

Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau pesticides i loko o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau loa i ka hōʻike.

E hoʻomanaʻo i ka paipai ʻana o ka EWG i ka poʻe hiki ke loaʻa i nā meaola ke kūʻai aku iā ia, ʻoiai he pesticides ka i loaʻa i nā hopena o ke kaiapuni weliweli a hiki i nā pilikia olakino olakino.