Hiki i nā Wahine ke ʻĀlohilohi?

Anter

• He mea nui kāu moe kolohe?
• Pehea e hana ai nā genetics
• Ua wehewehe ʻo Genes
• No ke aha e hana ai kēia?
• Pehea e hoʻopili ai
• Prioritize i nā kukui maikaʻi
• E hōʻailona i kou kapa
• Kuke me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe
• E hoʻohana i nā koho komo
• Hoʻohana i nā polokalamu
• Nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe
• Ke laina lalo

ʻO ka makapō ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi me ka hemahema o ka ʻike kala, ʻike ʻia e ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā aka like ʻole o ke kala, e like me ka ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka polū.

ʻO ke kumu mua o ka makapō ʻana o ke kala ka nele o nā pigment māmā-maʻalahi i nā cones o ka maka. Pili kēia kūlana hoʻoilina i nā kāne, akā hiki i nā wahine ke ʻāuliuli.

I kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ka hopena o ka genetics i ka makapō ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu, pehea e hoʻopili ai ke kala ʻoe i kahi kala, a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka makapō makapō.

He mea nui kāu moe kolohe?

ʻO ka makapō makapō kahi mea hoʻoilina i hoʻoili ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hopena ma muli o nā genetics. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau kumu nongenetic o ka makapō makapō, e like me:

• diabetes
• kekahi mau kūlana maka
• nā kūlana neurological
• kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻO ka maka maʻamau o ka makapō ʻana he kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Me kēia kūlana, hāʻawi ʻia ka moʻokūʻauhau mai ka makua a ke keiki ma ka X chromosome.

Ma ka honua a puni, 1 i 12 kāne a me 1 i 200 mau wahine wahine ʻeleʻele.

ʻO nā mokuʻāina o kēia wā e pili ana ka makapō i ka 8 pākēneka o nā kāne Caucasian. Wahi a kahi multethnic nui mai 2014, pili ka makapō i:

• 1.4 pakeneka o nā kāne ʻAmelika ʻApelika
• 2.6 pakeneka o nā kāne Hispanika
• 3.1 pakeneka o nā kāne ʻAsia
• 0-0.5 pakeneka o nā wahine āpau

I mea e maopopo ai ke kumu o ka moekolohe a no ke aha e ʻike ai nā kāne i ka waihoʻoluʻu kala, e kūkākūkā hou aʻe i nā kikoʻī pehea e hana ai nā genetics.

Pehea e hana ai nā genetics

Loaʻa i nā wahine biological ʻelua mau chromosome X. Loaʻa nā kāne biological i nā chromosome XY.

ʻO ka gen no ka makapō ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo he genes resessive X-pili. Hōʻike ʻia nā genes recessive X-hoʻopili inā aia lākou ma nā X chromosome ʻelua i nā wahine, a ma hoʻokahi X chromosome i nā kāne.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Genes

• pono i kahi keiki i hānau ʻia na ka wahine i hoʻoilina ʻelua X chromosome me ka gen lawe e hānau colorblind
• he keiki hānau hānau kāne wale nō ke hoʻoilina hoʻokahi X chromosome me ka gen lawe e hānau colorblind

ʻAʻole maʻamau ka makapō makapō i nā wahine no ka mea aia ka likelihood haʻahaʻa e hoʻoilina ka wahine i nā ʻāpana ʻelua i koi ʻia no kēia ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō kaila e pono ai no ka makapō ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻamau.

No ke aha e hana ai kēia?

I ka poʻe me ka ʻike maka maʻamau, aia he photoreceptors i nā maka, i kapa ʻia he cones, he kuleana ko lākou no ka ʻike ʻana i nā nalu like ʻole o ke kukui. Kōkua kēia mau pigment-malamalama i nā maka i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole o nā kala.

I ka poʻe me ka makapō o ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻo ka nele o kekahi mau pigment ka mea hiki ʻole i nā maka ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā aka o nā kala.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka makapō makapō, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano e nā ʻanakē i hoʻopili ʻia. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻokumu ʻia ka makapō makapō e ka ʻike i hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻone. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe māmā o kekahi o nā cones, e waiho wale ana i ʻelua mau pone hana. I nā hihia maʻamau, nalowale nā ​​ʻekolu mau cones i ko lākou ʻike māmā, e hopena ana i ka hihi me ke kala ʻole.

Hāʻawi ʻia i kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka makapō makapō, ʻo nā ʻano kumu o ka makapō makapō:

• Makapō ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kēia ka maʻa maʻamau, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
  • Protanomaly ke nānā ke ʻula me he ʻōmaʻomaʻo lā.
  • ʻO Deuteranomaly ke nānā ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo me he ʻulaʻula lā.
  • Protanopia a deuteranopia ke hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
• Makapō ʻōuli ʻōuli ʻōniʻoniʻo. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia ʻano, ke hoʻopilikia nei i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā kala like ʻole, e like me ka polū, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele, a me ka ʻulaʻula.
  • Tritanomaly ke nānā ka uliuli a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka like, a ke nānā like ka melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula.
  • Tritanopia Aia a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka paʻakikī e haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā aka i pili i ka polū a me ka melemele (ʻōmaʻomaʻo, poni, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a pēlā aku).

Aia kekahi kolu o ka ʻāpana o ka makapō maka, i kapa ʻia ka makapō waihoʻoluʻu piha, a achromatopsia paha. Kupanaha loa kēia ʻano a hopena i ka ʻike ʻana i ka monochromatic, a i ʻole ka hihi me ke kala ʻole. ʻO kēia palapala ka rarest a paʻakikī loa e hoʻoponopono i.

Pehea e hoʻopili ai

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka makapō makapō, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻololi i kou ola i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻololi i kāu ʻano.

Prioritize i nā kukui maikaʻi

Hana wale nā ​​cones i nā maka i ke ao, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻilihune nā kukui ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kala. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka makapō makapō, hiki i nā kukui maikaʻi ʻole ke paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā kala. He mea nui ia e ʻike pono i ka hoʻomālamalama pono ʻana o kou home a me kāu wahi hana.

E hōʻailona i kou kapa

ʻO nā hana maʻalahi, e like me ke koho ʻana i kahi kapa e komo ai, hiki ke paʻakikī inā ʻoe e ʻāuli kala. Inā kūʻai akuʻoe i nā lole hou, ke kūʻaiʻana me kahi hoaaloha hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala ke kōkua ke kūkulu neiʻoe i kahi kapa komo. Hiki i ke kala kala me nā lepili a i ʻole nā ​​paukū ke hana maʻalahi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā lole i loaʻa iā ʻoe.

Kuke me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe

Ehia mau manawa āu i lohe ai, "hoʻomoʻa i ka moa a hiki i ka pau ʻole ʻana o ka poni" a i ʻole "hoʻomoʻa i nā muffins a hiki i ko lākou ʻeleʻele"? No kekahi poʻe me ka makapō o ka waihoʻoluʻu, paʻakikī (a hiki ʻole paha) ke ukali i nā ʻike ʻike e like me kēia.

Inā ʻoe he kala ʻōuli, e hilinaʻi ana i ka mahana, hoʻopā, a ʻo ke kani ʻoiai ke kuke ʻana e kōkua iā ʻoe ma nā wahi ʻaʻole hiki i ka hihiʻo ke ʻike.

E hoʻohana i nā koho komo

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā uila uila hou, e like me nā kelepona, nā kamepiula lawe, a me nā kīwī, hāʻawi i nā koho hiki ke kiʻi ʻia no ka poʻe me ke kino kīnā.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka makapō makapō, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻonohonoho kala ʻokoʻa ma kēia mau hāmeʻa. Hiki i kēia ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻokele me ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i nā kala kumu.

Hoʻohana i nā polokalamu

Aia kekahi mau polokalamu i hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hiki i kāu ola i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo Color Blind Pal kahi polokalamu iPhone e kōkua i ka poʻe hoʻohana i ka colorblind e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā kala like ʻole i nā kiʻi.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā polokalamu no ke kōkua me nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā e koi ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale kala, e like me ke koho ʻana i nā kapa komo e ʻohi a i ʻole ʻohi ʻana i nā huahana hou e ʻai ai.

Nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe

Hiki ke hoʻopili i ka makapō ʻana i kāu ola ʻoihana. ʻO kekahi mau ala ʻoihana e kaukaʻi i ka acuity kala, e like me ka hairstylist a i ʻole mea hoʻolālā kūloko, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no ka poʻe ʻalohi kala e alualu.

Eia nō naʻe, nui nā ʻoihana e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i ka mea maikaʻi loa me ka ʻike ʻole o ke kala piha.

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea lapaʻau no ka makapō makapō, aia paha nā hopena e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike o kekahi poʻe i nā kala. ʻO kahi hiki ke komo no ka makapō ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu ke hoʻohana nei i nā kōkua ʻike e like me nā aniani a me nā aniani ʻike.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā aniani kūikawā ke "hana" i nā kala i ʻike ʻole ʻia e kahi kanaka kala, hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā kala i ʻike ʻia.

Ke laina lalo

ʻO ka makapō waihoʻoluʻu kahi kūlana hoʻoilina. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ia mai ka makuahine a ke keikikāne, akā hiki nō i nā wahine ke lilo i colorblind, pū kekahi.

Nui a hewahewa ke ʻano o ka makapō makapō i hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia i nā pigment o ka maka e hoʻopili ʻia.ʻOiai ʻaʻohe lapaʻau i kēia manawa no ka makapō ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu, hiki i nā hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nohona a me nā hana lapaʻau ke kōkua me ka hiki i kēlā me kēia lā no ka poʻe me kēia ʻano.