He aha ke kumu o kaʻu lehelehe polū?
Anter
- Nā kūlana e kumu i nā lehelehe polū, me nā kiʻi
- Maʻi maʻi kuʻikuʻi
- Pneumonia hāhā
- ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD)
- Edema pulmonary
- Pākuʻi Syncytial Respiratory (RSV)
- Hoʻopilikia hanu koʻikoʻi
- Lāʻau make kalapona
- Emphysema
- Pneumothorax
- Embolism pulmonary
- ʻO Cyanosis
- Anemia maʻi maʻi maʻi
- Asthma
- ʻO tamponade Cardiac
- Ka hanana o Raynaud
- Nā kumu pili
- Ke hōʻike nei i ke kumu kumu
- Ke mālama nei i nā lehelehe polū
- Nā lehelehe polū i nā pēpē
- I ka wā hea e kāhea ai iā 911
- Outlook no nā lehelehe polū
Hoʻopili mākou i nā huahana a mākou e manaʻo nei he pono no kā mākou poʻe heluhelu. Inā kūʻai ʻoe ma o nā loulou i kēia ʻaoʻao, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kōmike liʻiliʻi. Eia kā mākou hana.
Nā lehelehe polū
Hiki i ka discolorish Bluish o ka ʻili ke hōʻailona i ka nele o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko. Hiki iā ia ke kuhikuhi i kahi ʻano hemoglobin (kahi protein i loko o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula), e like me ka anemia maʻi maʻi.
ʻO Cyanosis ka inoa no ka holo maikaʻi ʻole o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko i kumu e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai ka ʻili i ka ʻili. Hoʻopili ka cyanosis waena i nā lehelehe, akā hiki ke hoʻopili i ka alelo a me ka umauma.
Hiki i nā lehelehe polū ke kuhikuhi i kahi ʻano cyanosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i loko o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula. Hiki i nā lehelehe polū ke hōʻike i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o kahi ʻano hemoglobin ma ke kahe o ke koko (e like me ka discolorish bluish o ka ʻili).
Inā hoʻi ke kala maʻamau me ka hoʻomehana a me ka lomilomi, ʻaʻole lawa ka lehelehe o kou mau lehelehe. ʻAʻole paha nā lehelehe polū ma muli o ke anuanu, kaomi ʻana, a i ʻole kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe. Inā mau ka polū o nā lehelehe, a laila aia kekahi maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ke ʻano kūpono ʻole o ke ʻano. Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau mea ke keʻakeʻa i ka hiki i ke kino ke hāʻawi i ke kokoʻula i oxygenated i nā wahi āpau.
Nā kūlana e kumu i nā lehelehe polū, me nā kiʻi
Hiki i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ke kumu i nā lehelehe polū. Eia 15 kumu kūpono.
ʻNinglelo Aʻo: Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i mua.
Maʻi maʻi kuʻikuʻi
- Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia maʻi e nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen a hoʻemi i ke kaomi ea i loaʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
- ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ia ma kahi o 8,000 kapuaʻi (2,400 mika) a ʻoi paha ma luna o ka pae kai
- Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli akahai me ka puʻupuʻu, ka maʻi poʻo, ka ʻeha o ka ʻeha, ka hiamoe ʻole, ka paupō, ka luaʻi, ka huhū, ka make ʻole o ka makemake, ka hanu ʻana me ka hoʻoikaika, hoʻonui ka nui o ka puʻuwai, a me ka pehu ʻana o nā lima, nā wāwae, a me ka maka
- ʻO nā ʻōuli koʻikoʻi ma muli o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi wai i loko o nā akemāmā a me ka lolo a hoʻopili pū me ka uha ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana o ka umauma, ka helehelena pale a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka ʻili, ka hiki ʻole ke hele a i ʻole ka ʻole o ke kaulike, huikau a me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka nohona
Pneumonia hāhā
- ʻO ka pulumonia kumumea kahi maʻi maʻi hānai i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hanu ʻole ʻana i ka meaʻai, a me ka waikawa ʻōpū, a me ka lawaiʻa i loko o nā akemāmā.
- ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i ka poʻe me ka hōʻeha kūpilikiʻi a me ka hiki ʻole ke ale.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli e like me ke kuni, ka puʻu, ka ʻeha o ka umauma, ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka hū ʻana, ka luhi, paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana, ka hanu maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka nui o ka hou.
ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD)
- ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD) kahi maʻi maʻi maʻa mau, holomua e hopena ʻia e ka ʻeke a me nā ʻino o ke ala.
- Malimali nā ʻōuli mua o COPD, akā e hele a ʻino i ka manawa.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli mua e pili ana i ka hanu ʻana o kekahi manawa, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino, ka puʻu akahai akā hoʻi pinepine, a pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i kou puʻu, ʻo ka mea mua paha i ke kakahiaka.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu, ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino e like me ka hele ʻana i kahi alapiʻi, ke kani ʻana a me ka hanu nui ʻana, ka paʻa ʻana o ka umauma, ka huehue mau me ka ʻole a me ka ʻole o ka mucus, nā anu pinepine, ka maʻi flu, a me nā maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe.
Edema pulmonary
- ʻO ka edema pulmonary kahi kūlana e hoʻopiha ai nā māmā me ka wai.
- ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wai i loko o nā akemāmā e pale aku i ka neʻe ʻana o ka oxygen i loko o ke kahe o ke koko a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana.
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā ʻano ʻano olakino like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka poʻe me nā ʻano puʻuwai i ka ulu ʻana i ka edema pulmonary.
- Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka pōkole o ka hanu ke hana kino, paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana i ka wā e moe ana i lalo, ka hū ʻana, ka loaʻa wikiwiki ʻana (ʻoi aku i nā wāwae), ka pehu ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino, a me ka luhi.
Pākuʻi Syncytial Respiratory (RSV)
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Syncytial Respiratory (RSV) kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi mau e hele ma waena o nā holo o ka mae a hoʻi hou.
- Hoʻopiʻi ʻia paha ka relaps e ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai nīoi, ka inu ʻana i nā mea inu ʻona, ka lā, ke koʻikoʻi, a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka bacteria bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
- ʻEhā mau subtypes o ka rosacea e hōʻike nei me nā ʻano like ʻole o ke alo o nā ʻōuli.
- ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau e pili ana i ka holoi ʻana o ka maka, hāpai ʻia, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula o ka helehelena, maloʻo o ka ʻili, a me ka ʻili.
Hoʻopilikia hanu koʻikoʻi
Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he pilikia kino. Koi ʻia paha ka mālama nui.
- ʻO ke kūpilikiʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi kahi ʻano ʻeha nui o ka ʻeha māmā e hopena i ka hōʻiliʻili wikiwiki ʻana o ka wai i nā akemāmā.
- ʻO ka nui o ka wai i loko o nā akemāmā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nui o ka oxygen a hoʻonui i ka nui o ke kalaponaʻokikene i ke kahe o ke koko, e alakaʻi ana i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
- Hiki i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa he nui ke kumu i ka ARDS, me nā maʻi ʻino, ka overdose lāʻau, ke ʻimi ʻana i nā mea ʻona, a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma a poʻo paha.
- Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka ARDS ma waena o 6 mau hola a me 3 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka maʻi a ʻeha paha.
- Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka hanu wikiwiki a me ka hanu wikiwiki, ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala a me ka nāwaliwali nui, ke koko haʻahaʻa, ka ʻili a me nā kui kuʻi, ke kuni, nā puʻuwai, ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, a me ka huikau.
Lāʻau make kalapona
Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he pilikia kino. Koi ʻia paha ka mālama nui.
- ʻO Carbon monoxide (CO) kahi kinoea ʻaʻohe onaona a ʻaʻohe waihoʻoluʻu a kumu ʻole e lawe i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i ka oxygen.
- Hiki i ka hanu nui ʻana o CO ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā ʻokena mai ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka oxygen.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ka make ʻana o CO ka ʻeha poʻo, nāwaliwali, hiamoe nui, nausea, luaʻi, huikau, a me ka nalo o ka ʻike.
- Pono ʻoe e hele koke i ka haukapila inā ʻike ʻia ʻoe i kahi kumu o CO, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka lāʻau make CO.
Emphysema
- ʻO Emphysema kekahi o nā kūlana maʻamau ʻelua i hāʻule ma lalo o ka manawa umbrella term maʻi obstructive pulmonary maʻi (COPD).
- Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka alveoli (ʻeke ʻeke) i nā akemāmā.
- Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka hanu a me ke kaʻe, ʻoi loa i ka wā hoʻoikaika a hoʻoikaika kino paha.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli koʻikoʻi me nā lehelehe bluish-hina a i ʻole nā manamana lima mai ka nele o ka oxygen.
Pneumothorax
Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he pilikia kino. Koi ʻia paha ka mālama nui.
- Hana ʻia ka Pothothorax ke komo ka ea i kahi e puni ana i kāu mau māmā (kahi pleura).
- ʻO ka loli o ke kaomi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hāmama o kou umauma a i ʻole ka paia māmā hiki ke hiolo i ka māmā a hoʻokau i ka puʻuwai.
- ʻO nā ʻano kumu ʻelua o ka pneumothorax ʻo ka traumatic pneumothorax a me ka nontraumatic pneumothorax.
- Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka ʻeha o ka umauma, ka ʻū mau o ka umauma, ka paʻa o ka umauma, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu, ka haki ʻana i ka hou anu, cyanosis, a me ka tachycardia koʻikoʻi.
Embolism pulmonary
Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he pilikia kino. Koi ʻia paha ka mālama nui.
- Ke hele nei kēia ʻano embolism i ka wā e hele ai ke kōkō ʻana o ke koko i ka aa i nā māmā a paʻa.
- Hoʻopili ke kōpili koko i ke kahe o ke koko i nā ʻāpana o ka akemā e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻeha a pale i ka oxygen mai ke komo ʻana i loko o ke kino.
- Hoʻomaka ke kuʻina o ke koko e hoʻomaka pinepine i nā embolism pulmonary ma ke ʻano he thrombosis hohonu (DVT) i nā wāwae a i ʻole ke pelvis.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o kahi pulmonary embolism me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu, ke ʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha o ka umauma ke lawe ʻoe i ka hanu nui, ka ʻū ʻana i ke koko, ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, a me ka poniuniu a maule paha.
ʻO Cyanosis
Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he pilikia kino. Koi ʻia paha ka mālama nui.
- Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia discoloration bluish o ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous e ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka oxygenation a i ʻole ka holo maikaʻi ʻole.
- Hiki wawe paha ia ma muli o kahi pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi a lohi paha i ka holo ʻana o ka manawa ma muli o ka ʻino o ka maʻi maʻamau.
- Nui nā maʻi olakino e pili ana i ka puʻuwai, nā mumū, ke koko. aiʻole ke kaapuni e hoʻokumu i ka cyanosi.
- ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumu o ka cyanosis koʻikoʻi a he hōʻailona no ka lawa ʻole o ka oxygen i kou kino.
Anemia maʻi maʻi maʻi
- ʻO ka maʻi anemia maʻi maʻi ka maʻi genetika o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula e lawe ai iā lākou i ka mahina puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ka ʻano maʻi.
- ʻO nā hunaola ʻulaʻula e like me ka maʻi maʻalahi e paʻa ai i loko o nā moku liʻiliʻi, kahi e ālai ai i ke koko mai ka hōʻea ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino.
- E hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻia nā hunaola ʻano maʻi ma mua o nā kahe o ke koko ʻulaʻula maʻamau, e alakaʻi i ka anemia.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli e like me ka nui o ka luhi, ʻili mae a me nā gum, melemele o ka ʻili a me nā maka, pehu a ʻeha ma nā lima a me nā wāwae, nā maʻi pinepine, a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻehaʻeha loa i ka umauma, kua, lima, a me nā wāwae.
Asthma
- ʻO kēia maʻi maʻi, maʻi mumū hoʻonāukiuki ke kumu o nā kahawai e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka pane ʻana i nā hanana e hoʻomaka ana.
- Hiki ke kūiki ka Airway ma muli o nā ʻano stimuli e like me ka maʻi viral, hoʻoikaika kino, hoʻololi i ke anilā, nā mea hoʻāhu, nā uahi, a me nā ʻala ikaika.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli e like me ka uha maloʻo, ke kani ʻana o ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka umauma paʻa, ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu, a me ka paʻakikī e hanu.
- Hiki ke hōʻemi a hoʻonā ʻia nā ʻōuli o ka hānō e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau hānō.
ʻO tamponade Cardiac
Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he pilikia kino. Koi ʻia paha ka mālama nui.
- I kēia kūlana olakino koʻikoʻi, hoʻopiha ke koko a i ʻole nā wai i ka hakahaka ma waena o ka ʻeke e hoʻopuni ai i ka puʻuwai a me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.
- ʻO ke kaomi ʻana mai ka wai a puni ka puʻuwai e pale aku ai i ka ventricle o ka puʻuwai mai ka hoʻonui piha ʻana a mālama i ka puʻuwai mai ka pauma maikaʻi ʻana.
- ʻO ka hopena maʻamau ka hopena o ke komo i loko o ka pericardium.
- Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka ʻeha o ka umauma e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka ʻāʻī, nā poʻohiwi, a i ʻole ke kua a me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole i hōʻoluʻolu ʻia e ka noho ʻana a i ʻole ke iho ʻana i mua.
- ʻO nā veins pehu i ka lae, ke koko haʻahaʻa, maʻule, hoʻoluhi, anuanu, ʻulaʻula uliuli, a me ka nalo o ka ʻike kekahi mau ʻōuli ʻē aʻe.
- Hiki paha i kekahi kanaka me kēia ʻano ke pilikia i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana a me ka hanu wikiwiki ʻana.
Ka hanana o Raynaud
- He kūlana kēia e kahe ai ke koko i kou manamana lima, manamana wāwae, pepeiao, a ihu e kapu ʻia a keakea ʻia e nā vasospasms.
- Hiki paha iā ia iho a i ʻole hiki ke hele pū me nā kūlana olakino e like me ke kuamoʻo, ka hau, a me ka maʻi autoimmune.
- Hiki i ke kala a keʻokeʻo paha o ka manamana, manamana wāwae, pepeiao, a ihu paha ke kū.
- ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e like me ka helu ʻana, ke anuanu, ʻeha, a me ke kani ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ke kino i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
- E mau paha nā Episodes i kekahi mau minuke a i ʻole i kekahi mau hola.
Nā kumu pili
ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o nā lehelehe polū nā hanana e kaupalena i ka nui o ka oxygen e lawe ai nā māmā, me:
- poloka kaʻahele
- ʻākeʻa
- batukū nui loa
- hoʻoulu uahi
ʻO ka maʻi o ka puʻu a me ka hānau hānau (ma ka wā hānau) nā hiki ʻole i ka puʻuwai ke hana i ka cyanosis a me ke ʻano o nā lehelehe polū.
ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o nā lehelehe polū e komo pū me polycythemia vera (kahi maʻi pūpū iwi e hana i ka nui o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula) a me cor pulmonale (kahi hoʻemi o ka hana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka puʻuwai, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko kiʻekiʻe lōʻihi) . ʻO Septicemia, a i ʻole nā lāʻau ʻino e pili ana i ka bacteria, e alakaʻi ʻia ai paha i nā lehelehe polū.
Hoʻohui ʻia, pili paha nā lehelehe polū me nā ʻano aʻe:
- maʻi hanu kūpiliki makua
- maʻi pulumia
- hānō
- lāʻau make kalapona
- tamponade kīʻaha, kahi o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole nā wai i hoʻokau i ke kaomi ma luna o ka puʻuwai
- maʻi pulmonary pulupulu paʻa (COPD)
- kahawai
- edema pulmonary
- embolism pulmonary
- ʻO kā Raynaud hanana, e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko ma nā manamana, nā manamana wāwae, nā pepeiao, a me ka ihu
- ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Syncytial Respiratory (RSV)
- maʻi mauna koʻikoʻi
- pneumothorax
ʻO nā kūlana anuanu, hoʻoikaika ikaika, a lilo i "makani" mai ka hoʻoikaika kino hiki i kekahi manawa ke hana i kahi helehelena polū manawa ʻole i nā lehelehe.
Ke hōʻike nei i ke kumu kumu
ʻO ka oximeter pulse noninvasive ke ala maʻalahi loa e ana i ka oxygenation o ke koko. Kuhi ʻia nā kinoea Arterial e ana i ka oxygenation a ʻike i nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi nei i nā lehelehe polū. Hiki i ka pulse oximeter ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o kou koko ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka nui o ka "ʻulaʻula" a me ka "infrared light" e lawe ʻia e kou koko.
Kūʻai no nā oximeter lāʻau.
Aia kekahi mau manawa ʻaʻole pono ka pulse oximeter e ʻike i ke kumu o kou mau lehelehe polū. Inā ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻoe me ka hānō, emfysema, a i ʻole he pilikia hanu ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopau koke paha kāu kauka no ka hopena o kāu lehelehe polū e kēlā ʻano.
Ke mālama nei i nā lehelehe polū
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā lehelehe polū e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kumu kumu a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko oxygenated i nā lehelehe. Ke hiki i kāu kauka i kahi kuhi, hiki i kekahi o nā mea he nui:
Inā ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau kaomi koko, beta-blockers, a i ʻole nā mea lahilahi o ke koko, pono paha e hoʻoponopono i ke ana. E hōʻoia kēia i ka helu o ke keʻokeʻo o ke koko keʻokeʻo a me ka helu o ke koko ʻulaʻula e mau ke kaulike.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻano hanu e like me ka empysema a i ʻole COPD, hiki paha i nā lehelehe polū ke hōʻike i ka ʻino o kou ʻano. I kēlā hihia, hiki i kāu kauka ke koi aku i nā loli nohona e like me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi hana hoʻoikaika kino e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kou olakino a me kou olakino vaskular. e paipai ʻia paha.
Nā lehelehe polū i nā pēpē
ʻO Cyanosis ka mea i loaʻa wale ma nā wahi a puni nā lehelehe, nā lima, a me nā wāwae i kapa ʻia ʻo acrocyanosis. ʻAʻole ia he kumu no ka hopohopo i nā keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 2. Eia nō naʻe, inā he polū ke alelo, ke poʻo, ka ʻiʻo, a me nā lehelehe ponoʻī, pono e nānā i ke keiki e ke kauka.
ʻO nā lehelehe polū i nā keiki ma lalo o 2 mau makahiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi (RSV) maʻi. ʻOiai he maʻi maʻamau kahi maʻi RSV a loaʻa ka maʻi i ka hapa nui o nā keiki ma mua o kā lākou lā hānau 2, mai manaʻo ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka loli o ka lehelehe. Inā hoʻoliʻiliʻi nā lehelehe o kāu keiki, e nānā pono e nānā ka pediatrician i kāu keiki.
I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i nā lehelehe uliuli ke hōʻailona i kahi koko koʻikoʻi a me ke ʻano hanu. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, hōʻike nā lehelehe uliuli i ka lāʻau make kemika ma muli o ke komo ʻana i ka antifreeze a i ʻole ka amonia. Pono ia e loaʻa i kāu keiki ka ʻike pololei ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kekahi ʻano o ka mālama ʻana.
I ka wā hea e kāhea ai iā 911
Kāhea koke aku i kahi laina kūloko pilikia inā hele pū nā lehelehe polū e kekahi o nā hōʻailona aʻe:
- hanu no ka hanu
- ka pōkole o ka hanu a me nā pilikia hanu
- ʻeha ka umauma
- sweating profusely
- ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka helu ʻana i ka lima, nā lima, a me nā manamana lima
- pale a keʻokeʻo paha, nā lima, a me nā manamana lima
- paupauaho a maʻule paha
Inā kū koke kou mau lehelehe polū a ʻaʻole ka hopena o ka hoʻoikaika ikaika a i ʻole ka manawa i lilo ma waho, e kāhea i ke kōkua pilikia. Inā hele a hele mālie ka cyanosis, e kiaʻi iā ia a hoʻonohonoho i kahi manawa me kāu loea maʻamau inā ʻaʻole e emi ma hope o hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha.
Outlook no nā lehelehe polū
Inā aia kahi kumu kumu e hōʻike ai i kou mau lehelehe e uliuli, e hele aku ke kalaʻula ke ʻike ʻia ke kumu a kamaʻilio ʻia. ʻO ka nui o ka manawa e lilo ai no nā lehelehe polū e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ākea ākea, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kumu o kēia ʻōuli.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ka loli o ka lehelehe i kahi hanana pilikia, akā ʻaʻole ia kahi hōʻailona e nānā pono ʻole ʻia.