Nā lāʻau lāʻau HIV Antiretroviral: Nā ʻaoʻao a me ka mālama ʻana

Anter

• Hoʻoikaika
  
• Nā hopena a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka lāʻau Antiretroviral
• Nānā ʻai
• Lipodystrophy
• Pohā
• Ka luhi
• Noho palekana
  
• ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā pae maʻamau o ka kolesterol a me nā triglycerides
• Hoʻololi ka manaʻo, kaumaha, a hopohopo
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• Rash
• Pilikia hiamoe
• Nā hopena ʻē aʻe
• Hana pū me ka hui olakino

ʻO ka lapaʻau nui no ka maʻi HIV ka papa o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia antiretrovirals. ʻAʻole mālama kēia mau lāʻau i ka maʻi HIV, akā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā maʻi i loko o ke kino o kekahi me ka maʻi HIV. Mālama kēia i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale i ikaika e pale aku i ka maʻi.

I kēia lā, ʻae ʻia ma mua o 40 mau lāʻau antiretroviral e mālama iā HIV. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe mālama i ko lākou HIV e lawe i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā no ke koena o ko lākou ola.

Pono e lawe i nā lāʻau Antiretroviral i ka manawa kūpono a me ke ala kūpono e hana pono ai lākou. Lawe i kēia mau lāʻau i ke ala a ke kahu mālama ola i kuhikuhi ai iā lākou i kapa ʻia adherence.

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā mālama. Hiki i nā lāʻau Antiretroviral ke kumu i nā hopena ʻino i hiki ke lawa i lawa i mea e hooki ai kekahi poʻe i ka lawe ʻana iā lākou. Akā inā haʻalele kahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV i kēia mau lāʻau, hiki i ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke hoʻomaka kope iā ia iho i ko lākou kino. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea kūpaʻa i ka lāʻau. Inā kū kēlā, ʻaʻole e hana hou ka lāʻau, a e waiho ʻia kēlā kanaka me nā koho liʻiliʻi e mālama i kā lākou maʻi HIV.

Heluhelu e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā hopena hopena lāʻau antiretroviral, a pehea e hoʻokele ai iā lākou a pili i kahi hoʻolālā mālama.

Hoʻoikaika

1. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā mālama.He mea nui ia! Inā haʻalele kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV a kū paha i ka mālama ʻana, hiki i ka maʻi virus ke kūʻē i nā lāʻau. He mea paʻakikī paha kēia a ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka maʻi HIV.

Nā hopena a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka lāʻau Antiretroviral

Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā lāʻau HIV i loko o nā makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hopena hopena ma mua o ka wā ma mua. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā lāʻau HIV ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Māmā kekahi, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kekahi a i ʻole hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. Hiki i ka hopena ʻino ke lilo i mea ʻino ke lawe ʻia kahi lāʻau.

Hiki i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe ke launa pū me nā lāʻau HIV, e hana ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Hiki i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe ke hana i nā hopena ʻino mai nā lāʻau HIV. No kēia mau kumu, ke hoʻomaka nei i kahi lāʻau hou, pono ka poʻe me ka HIV e haʻi i kā lākou kauka mālama ola a me ka mea kauka lāʻau e pili ana i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, nā mea hoʻohui, a me nā mea kanu a lākou e lawe nei.

Hoʻohui ʻia, inā kū nā hopena ʻē aʻe a ʻokoʻa paha, e kāhea ka poʻe me HIV i kā lākou lawelawe mālama ola. Pono lākou e hana i kēia inā ua lōʻihi lākou i ka lāʻau. Hiki iā ia ke hala i mau mahina a mau makahiki paha e hoʻomaka ai e pane i kahi lāʻau.

No nā hopena ʻino nui, mālama paha kahi mea mālama ola ʻo ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻaʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻopiʻi nei i nā ʻōuli. Inā hewa ka lāʻau, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ka lāʻau i kekahi lāʻau antiretroviral. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mālama ʻana. Pono lākou e hōʻoia e holo mau ana ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou a ʻaʻole ia e kumu i nā hopena ʻino ʻoi loa.

E hele aku paha nā hopena ʻoluʻolu ke hele a maʻa ke kino i ka lāʻau. Inā ʻaʻole, manaʻo paha kahi mea mālama ola e hoʻololi i ke ala i lawe ʻia ai ka lāʻau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻōlelo paha lākou e lawe me ka meaʻai ma kahi o ka ʻōpū nele, a i ʻole i ka pō ma kahi o ke kakahiaka. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku paha ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i ka hopena ʻē aʻe e hoʻokele hou aku ia.

Eia kekahi o nā hopena hopena maʻamau o nā lāʻau antiretroviral a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka mālama ʻana iā lākou.

Nānā ʻai

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia:

• abacavir (Ziagen)
• zidovudine

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• E ʻai i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia lā ma kahi o ʻekolu mau nui.
• E inu i nā mea leʻaleʻa a lawe i nā mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha e hōʻoia i ke kino e loaʻa ana nā wikamina a me nā minelala
• E noi i kahi mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka makemake.

Lipodystrophy

ʻO Lipodystrophy kahi kūlana e lilo ai ka poʻe i ka lilo a i ʻole ka momona i kekahi mau wahi o ke kino. Hoʻomaopopo paha kēia i kekahi poʻe i ka noʻonoʻo a hopohopo paha.

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia: ʻO nā hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau mai ka nukleoside / nucleotide hoʻohuli transcriptase mea kāohi (NRTI) a me nā papa hana hoʻohua protease.

Aia nā NRTI:

• abacavir
• stavudine
• didanosine
• zidovudine
• lamivudine
• emtricitabine
• tenofovir

Pākuʻi nā mea kāohi i:

• atazanavir
• darunavir
• fosamprenavir
• indinavir
• lopinavir
• nelfinavir
• ritonavir
• saquinavir
• tipranavir

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• Hiki i ka hoʻoikaika kino ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka momona o ke kino mai ke kino holoʻokoʻa, me nā wahi kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai ka momona.
• ʻO kahi lāʻau hoʻowahāwahā i kapa ʻia ʻo tesamorelin (Egrifta) hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka momona o ka ʻōpū i nā poʻe e lawe i nā lāʻau HIV. Eia nō naʻe, ke oki ka poʻe i ka lawe ʻana i ka tesamorelin, hoʻi paha ka momona o ka ʻōpū.
• Hiki i ka liposuction ke hemo i ka momona ma nā wahi kahi i ʻohiʻohi ai.
• Inā kū ka pohō kaumaha i ka maka, hiki i kahi mea mālama ola ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā injection o ka polylactic acid (New Fill, Sculptra).
• Hiki i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes a me HIV ke noʻonoʻo e nīnau i kā lākou kahu mālama ola e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka metformin. Hiki i kēia lāʻau diabetes ke kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka momona o ka ʻōpū i hoʻokumu ʻia e lipodystrophy.

Pohā

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia:

• nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa protease
• nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa nucleoside / nucleotide huli transcriptase (NRTI)
• antibiotic
• delavirdine
• maraviroc
• raltegravir
• ʻupena cobicistat
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• ʻAi i nā mea momona, momona, ʻona, a me nā meaʻai waiū, me nā meaʻai i kālua ʻia a me nā huahana i loaʻa ka waiū.
• ʻAi i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi i kiʻekiʻe i ka fiber insoluble, e like me nā mea kanu maka, nā hua palaoa, a me nā hua hua.
• E nīnau i kahi mea mālama ola e pili ana i nā pono o ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau anti-diarrheal over-the-counter, e like me loperamide (Imodium).

Ka luhi

ʻO ka luhi ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau HIV, akā he hōʻailona ia no ka maʻi HIV.

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia:

• zidovudine
• efavirenz

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• ʻAi i nā meaʻai momona e hoʻonui i ka ikehu.
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine e like me ka hiki.
• Hōʻalo i ka puhī ʻana a me ka inu ʻona ʻana
• Hoʻopili i kahi papa hiamoe hoʻonohonoho a hōʻole i ka lawe ʻana i ka naps.

Noho palekana

1. E hoʻomanaʻo, e nānā ka poʻe me ka maʻi HIV me kā lākou kahu mālama ola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kekahi o kēia mau manaʻo. E hoʻoholo ka mea mālama ola inā he koho palekana ia.

ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā pae maʻamau o ka kolesterol a me nā triglycerides

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia:

• stavudine
• didanosine
• zidovudine
• efavirenz
• lopinavir / ritonavir
• fosamprenavir
• saquinavir
• indinavir
• tipranavir / ritonavir
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• Pale i ka puhipaka.
• E kiʻi i ka hoʻoikaika kino hou aku.
• E hoʻemi i ka nui o ka momona i ka papaʻai. E kamaʻilio me kahi mea lapaʻau e pili ana i ke ala palekana e hana ai i kēia.
• ʻAi i ka iʻa a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i kiʻekiʻe i nā waikawa momona omega-3. Hoʻopili kēia i nā walnuts, flaxseeds, a me ka aila canola.
• E loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i nā pae kolesterol a me nā triglyceride i nā manawa pinepine a ka mea mālama ola e ʻōlelo ai.
• E lawe i nā statins a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻē aʻe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol inā kuhikuhi ʻia e kahi mea mālama ola.

Hoʻololi ka manaʻo, kaumaha, a hopohopo

Hoʻololi ka mood, e like me ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo, hiki i kahi hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau HIV. Akā hiki ke loli i ke ʻano ke hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV.

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia:

• efavirenz (Sustiva)
• rilpivirine (Edurant, Odefsey, Complera)
• dolutegravir

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• Hōʻalo i ka wai ʻona a me nā lāʻau kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.
• E nīnau i kahi mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau antidepressant.

ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia: ʻAneʻane nā lāʻau a pau o ka HIV.

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• E ʻai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma loko o ka lā ma kahi o ʻekolu mau pāʻina nui.
• ʻAi i nā meaʻai bland, e like me ka laiki maʻamau a me nā pahū.
• Hōʻalo i nā meaʻai momona, ʻono.
• E ʻai i nā meaʻai anuanu ma kahi o ka wela.
• E noi i kahi mea mālama ola e pili ana i nā lāʻau antiemetic e kāohi i ka nausea.

Rash

ʻO Rash kahi hopena ʻaneʻane kokoke i kēlā me kēia lāʻau HIV. Akā ʻo ka ʻāwīwī koʻikoʻi hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka hopena maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe. Kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole hele i ka lumi pilikia inā he ʻeha kou me kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• pilikia i ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka ale ʻana
• fiva
• pāhū, ʻoi loa ma ka waha, ihu, a me ka maka
• kahi hū e hoʻomaka koke a pālahalaha

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau i hiki ke kumu i ka wikiwiki:

• nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa protease
• emtricitabine
• raltegravir
• elvitegravir / tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine
• non-nucleoside hoʻohuli transcriptase nā mea hoʻopale (NNRTI), me:
  • etravirine
  • rilpivirine
  • delavirdine
  • efavirenz
  • nevirapine

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili me ka lotion i kēlā me kēia lā.
• E hoʻohana i ka wai anuanu a mehana paha ma mua o ka wai wela i nā ua me nā ʻauʻau.
• E hoʻohana i nā kopa maʻalahi, nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻole a me nā mea holoi lole holoi.
• E komo i nā lole e hanu, e like me ka pulupulu.
• E nīnau i kahi mea mālama ola e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi lāʻau antihistamine.

Pilikia hiamoe

Nā laʻana o nā lāʻau e hiki ke kumu iā ia:

• efavirenz
• emtricitabine
• rilpivirine
• indinavir
• elvitegravir / cobicistat
• dolutegravir

He aha ka mea e kōkua ai:

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine.
• Hoʻopili i kahi papa hiamoe hoʻonohonoho a hōʻole i ka lawe ʻana i ka naps.
• E ʻoluʻolu e ʻoluʻolu ka lumi moe no ka hiamoe.
• Hoʻomaha ma mua o ka hiamoe me kahi ʻauʻau mehana a i ʻole kahi hana hoʻomaliʻi ʻē aʻe.
• Hōʻalo i ka caffeine a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻē aʻe i loko o kekahi mau hola o ka hiamoe.
• E kamaʻilio me kahi mea mālama ola e pili ana i nā lāʻau hiamoe inā hoʻomau ka pilikia.

Nā hopena ʻē aʻe

Hiki i nā hopena ʻē aʻe mai nā lāʻau antiretroviral ke hoʻopili pū:

• ka hypersensitivity a i ʻole nā ​​hopena aleriko, me nā ʻōuli e like me ke kuni, kaho, a me ka luaʻi
• kahe ana ke koko
• nalowale iwi
• maʻi maʻi puʻuwai
• ke kō kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻi kō
• lactic acidosis (pae lactic acid kiʻekiʻe i ke koko)
• hakuʻala, akepaʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​pancreas hōʻino
• numbness, puhi ʻana, a i ʻole ʻeha ma nā lima a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae ma muli o nā pilikia nerve

Hana pū me ka hui olakino

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau HIV e like me ke kuhikuhi he mea nui ia no lākou e hana pono. Inā kū nā hopena, mai hōʻoki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau. Ma kahi o, e kamaʻilio me ka pūʻulu mālama ola. Hōʻike paha lākou i nā ala e hōʻoluʻolu ai i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, a i ʻole hoʻololi paha lākou i ka papa hana hoʻomalu.

Lōʻihi paha ka manawa no ka poʻe me ka HIV e loaʻa ai ka regimen lāʻau kūpono. Me ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka ukali ʻana, e ʻike nā mea lawelawe olakino i ka regimen lāʻau antiretroviral e hana maikaʻi me nā hopena liʻiliʻi.