Pākuʻi Gram

ʻO kahi Gram stain kahi hōʻike i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike ai i ka bacteria. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ala maʻamau e ʻike koke i ka maʻi bacteria i ke kino.

Pehea e hana ai i ka hōʻoia ma muli o ka aʻa a me ka wai mai kou kino e hoʻāʻo ʻia. Maʻalahi paha ka hoʻāʻo, a i ʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ma mua o ka manawa.

• Pono ʻoe e hoʻolako i kahi sputum, mimi, a i ʻole he laʻana o ka noho.
• Hiki i kāu kauka olakino ke hoʻohana i kahi nila kuʻi e lawe i ka wai mai kou kino e hoʻāʻo. Hiki mai kahi hui, mai kahi ʻeke a puni kou puʻuwai, a mai kahi ākea paha e pili ana i kāu mau māmā.
• Pono paha kāu mea hoʻolako e lawe i kahi laʻana kiko, e like me kāu cervix a i ʻole ʻili.

Hoʻouna ʻia ka laʻana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua.

• Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi i kahi papa lahilahi loa ma kahi kiʻi aniani. Kapa ʻia kēia he smear.
• Hoʻohui ʻia kahi moʻo o nā stains i ka laʻana.
• Nānā kahi lālā o ka hui lab i ka smear stains ma lalo o ka microscope, e ʻimi ana i nā bacteria.
• Kōkua ke kala, ka nui, a me ke kinona o nā hunaola i ke ʻano kikoʻī o ke koʻohune.

E haʻi aku kāu mea lawelawe iā ʻoe i ka mea e hana ai e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻokolohua. No kekahi ʻano hoʻokolohua, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea.

Pili ka hōʻike i ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia e lawe i kahi laʻana. ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi mea, a i ʻole ʻoe e haha ​​i ke kaomi a me ka ʻeha mehana, e like me ka wā o kahi biopsy. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kekahi ʻano o ka lāʻau ʻeha e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe kahi ʻeha a ʻeha ʻole paha.

Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kēia hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka bacteria. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o nā koʻohune e hoʻoulu ana i ka maʻi.

Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke kōkua i ke kumu o nā pilikia olakino like ʻole, e like me:

• ʻO ka maʻi ahulau a maʻi paha
• Nā maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka moekolohe (STDs)
• ʻO ka pehu ʻole a me ka ʻeha pū
• Nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole ka wai i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke lahilahi e hoʻopuni ana i ka puʻuwai (pericardium)
• Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi o ke ākea a puni nā māmā (pleura space)
• ʻO ka maʻi palaoa ʻaʻole e hele aku, a inā ʻoe e ʻūlū ʻana i nā mea me ka pilau a i ʻole ke kala ʻē
• ʻEha ʻeha

ʻO ka hopena maʻamau, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi bacteria a i ʻole he bacteria wale nō "aloha" i loaʻa. Noho mau kekahi ʻano bacteria i kekahi mau wahi o ke kino, e like me ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole noho ka bacteria ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka lolo a me ka wai o ka iwi.

E kamaʻilio i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena hōʻike.

Hōʻike nā hopena maʻamau i kahi maʻi. Pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua hou, e like me ka moʻomeheu, e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi.

Pili kāu mau makaʻu i ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia e wehe i nā aʻa a i ʻole ka wai mai kou kino. ʻAʻohe ou makaʻi iki. He kakaikahi nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Maʻi kīnā
• Kahena
• Pā kuʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole lung
• Pulupā naha
• Nā pilikia hanu
• Scarring

Hoʻokuʻu Urethral - Gram stain; Feces - Pākuʻi Gram; Kahi noho - Gram stain; Hui wai - Gram stain; Pericardial fluid - Gram stain; Pākuʻi Gram o ka hoʻokuʻu urethral; Pākuʻi Gram o ka cervix; Pleural fluid - Gram stain; Sputum - Gram stain; Liona ʻili - stain Gram; Pākuʻi Gram o ka ʻili lesion; Pākuʻi Gram o ka biopsyʻaʻaʻa

ʻO Beavis KG, Charnot-Katsikas A. hōʻiliʻili a me ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻike no nā maʻi maʻi. I: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, hua. ʻO kā Henry's Clinical Diagnosis a me Management e nā Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 64.

ʻO Hall GS, Woods GL. ʻO ka maʻi bacteriology. I: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, hua. ʻO kā Henry's Clinical Diagnosis a me Management e nā Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 58.