Hoʻololi nā ʻelemakule i nā iwi - nā mākala - nā hono

ʻO nā loli i ke kūlana a me ke ala hele (maʻamau hele) maʻamau me ka ʻelemakule. ʻO ka loli i ka ʻili a me ka lauoho maʻamau pū kekahi.

Hāʻawi ka iwi iwi i ke kākoʻo a me ke ʻano i ke kino. ʻO nā hui nā wahi e hui pū ai nā iwi. ʻAe lākou i ka iwi iwi e maʻalahi no ka neʻe. I ka hui, ʻaʻole pili pono nā iwi kekahi i kekahi. Akā, hoʻopili ʻia lākou e ka cartilage i ka hui, nā membrane synovial a puni ka hono, a me ka wai.

Hāʻawi nā mākala i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika e hoʻoneʻe i ke kino. Kuhi ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana e ka lolo, akā hoʻopili ʻia e nā loli o nā mākala a me nā hono. Hoʻololi nā hoʻololi i nā mākala, nā hono, a me nā iwi i ke kūlana a me ka hele ʻana, a alakaʻi i ka nāwaliwali a hoʻoneʻe i ka neʻe.

NA OLELO HOLOHOLOLE

Lilo ka poʻe i ka nui iwi a i ʻole ka momona i ko lākou mau makahiki, keu hoʻi nā wahine ma hope o ka menopause. Lilo nā iwi i ka calcium a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe.

Hana ʻia ka iwi kuamoʻo i nā iwi i kapa ʻia he vertebrae. Ma waena o kēlā me kēia iwi kahi cushion e like me ka gel (i kapa ʻia he disk). Me ka ʻelemakule, e pōkole ana ka waena o ke kino (kumu) i ka lilo ʻana o ka diseki i ka wai a lilo i lahilahi.

Lilo pū ʻo Vertebrae i kekahi o kā lākou ʻike mineral, e lahilahi ana kēlā me kēia iwi. Lipo a kōwili ʻia ke kolamu iwi kuamoʻo (paʻa pū). Hoʻokumu ʻia nā iwi iwi e ka ʻelemakule a me ka hoʻohana maʻamau o ka iwi kuamoʻo i ka vertebrae.

Lilo nā piʻo o ka wāwae i mea e haʻi liʻiliʻi ai, e hāʻawi ana i kahi nalo iki o ke kiʻekiʻe.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka iwi lōʻihi o nā lima a me nā wāwae ma muli o ka nalo o ka mineral, akā ʻaʻole lākou e loli i ka lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lima a me nā wāwae ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kumu pōkole.

E ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hono a liʻiliʻi hoʻi ka maʻalahi. E emi paha ka wai o nā hui. E hoʻomaka paha ka cartilage e ʻōpala a mae. Hiki i nā Minerals ke waiho i loko a ma kahi o nā hono (helu helu). ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau a puni ka poʻohiwi.

Hiki ke hoʻomaka i nā hui o Hip a me nā kuli e nalo i ka cartilage (hoʻololi degenerative). Lilo nā hono manamana i ka cartilage a mānoanoa ka iwi. Hoʻololi nā hui pū manamana lima, ʻo ka pinepine o ka pehu o ka iwi i kapa ʻia he osteophytes, i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā wahine. Hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia kēia mau hoʻololi.

Hoemi ka nui o ke kino lean. Hoʻokumu hapa ʻia kēia hoʻoliʻiliʻi e ka nalo ʻana o nāʻiʻo o ke kino (atrophy). ʻO ka wikiwiki a me ka nui o nā loli i ke kino e like me ke kumu. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mākala i nā makahiki 20 i nā kāne a i nā makahiki 40 i nā wahine.

ʻO ka Lipofuscin (kahi pigment pili i ka makahiki) a me ka momona e waiho ʻia i kaʻiʻo muscle. Hoʻoiho nā olonā o ke kino. Hoʻololi mālie ʻia nāʻiʻo o ka mākala. Hiki ke pani ʻia i nāʻiʻo i nalowale me kahiʻiʻo fibrous paʻakikī. ʻIke ʻia kēia i nā lima, e nānā lahilahi a iwi paha.

Ua emi ke kani o nā mākala a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻaelike ma muli o nā loli i nā mākala a me nā loli kūpuna maʻamau i ka ʻōnaehana makaʻu. Hiki i nā mākala ke paʻakikī me ka makahiki a nalowale paha ke kani, ʻoiai me ka hoʻoikaika mau.

Ka hopena o nā hoʻololi

E mānoanoa nā iwi a maʻalahi paha e haki. Hoʻoemi ke kiʻekiʻe holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea, hoʻopōkole ke kumu a me ka iwi kuamoʻo.

Hiki i ka haki ʻana o nā hono ke alakaʻi i ka mumū, ʻeha, ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka palaka. Hoʻololi nā loli hui i nā poʻe ʻelemākule āpau. Hoʻololi kēia mau hoʻololi mai ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ka paʻakikī i ka maʻi kōpaʻa.

Hiki ke kūlou (kūlou) ke kūlana. E loli hou paha nā kuli a me nā pūhaka. ʻ tliʻi paha ka ʻāʻī, a ʻākiki paha nā poʻohiwi ʻoiai e ākea ana ke pelvis.

Lohi ka neʻe a lilo i palena. ʻO ka hele wāwae (hele) e lohi a pōkole hoʻi. Hele a paʻa ʻole paha ka hele wāwae, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka luli ʻana o ka lima. Māmā ka luhi o ka poʻe kahiko a emi ka ikehu.

Hoʻololi ka ikaika a me ke ahonui. ʻO ka nalowale o ka nui muscle e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka ikaika.

NA PILIKIA MAU

ʻO Osteoporosis kahi pilikia maʻamau, keu hoʻi no nā wahine makua. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka iwi. Hiki i nā haʻihaʻi o ka vertebrae ke hana i ka ʻeha a hoʻemi i ka neʻe.

Hāʻawi ka nāwaliwali i ka nāwaliwali i ka luhi, nāwaliwali, a me ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana i ka hana. ʻO nā pilikia hui pū ʻia mai ka ʻoʻoleʻa a i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maʻi (osteoarthritis) he mea maʻamau.

Hoʻonui ka makaʻu o ka ʻeha ma muli o ka loli, ke kūpaʻa ʻole, a me ka nalowale ʻana o ke kaulike e hāʻule ai

Ua hoʻemi kekahi poʻe ʻelemakule i nā reflexes. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kēia e nā loli i nā mākala a me nā olonā, ma mua o ka hoʻololi o nā aʻa. Hiki ke hana i nā hōʻemi kuli a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻololi, e like me ka Babinski reflex maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ia he ʻāpana maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule.

ʻO nā neʻe komo ʻole (nā haʻalulu i nāʻiʻo a me nā neʻe maikaʻi i kapa ʻia nā fasciklinations) ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka poʻe ʻelemākule. ʻO ka poʻe ʻelemakule e hana ʻole paha e loaʻa ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole nā ​​sensations abnormal (paresthesias).

ʻO ka poʻe hiki ʻole ke neʻe iā lākou iho, a i ʻole e kīloi i ko lākou mau mākala me ka hoʻoikaika kino, e loaʻa paha nā kuʻikahi muscle.

KOHO ANA

ʻO ka hoʻoikaika kino kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻolohi a pale ai paha i nā pilikia me nā mākala, nā hono, a me nā iwi. Hiki i kahi papa hana hoʻoikaika kino ke kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama i ka ikaika, ke kaulike, a me ka maʻalahi. Kōkua ka hoʻoikaika i nā iwi i ikaika.

E kamaʻilio me kāu mea mālama ola ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi papahana hoʻoikaika kino hou.

He mea nui e ʻai i ka papaʻai kaulike me ka nui o ka puna. Pono nā wahine e akahele pono e loaʻa ka nui o ka calcium a me ka wikamina D i ko lākou mau makahiki. Pono nā wahine a me nā kāne ma hope o ka makahiki 70 e lawe i 1,200 mg o ka calcium i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono nā wahine a me nā kāne ma luna o ka makahiki 70 e loaʻa 800 mau kikowaena honua (IU) o ka wikamina D i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka osteoporosis, e kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻolako e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

NA Kumuhana e pili ana

• Hoʻololi ʻelemakule i ke ʻano o ke kino
• Hoʻololi ʻelemakule i ka hana hormone
• Hoʻololi nā ʻelemakule i nā meaola, nā aʻa, a me nā hunaola
• Hoʻololi nā ʻelemakule i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo
• Kalipuna i ka papaʻai
• Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis a me kaʻelemakule; Pili ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo me ka ʻelemakule; ʻO Osteoarthritis

• ʻO Osteoarthritis
• ʻO Osteoarthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi
• ʻO ke ʻano o kahi ami

Di Cesare PE, Haudenschild DR, Abramson SB, Samuels J. Pathogenesis o ka osteoarthritis. I: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, Koretzky GA, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, hua. ʻO Firestein & Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 11th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 104.

ʻO Gregson CL. Iwi a me ʻelemakule ʻelemakule. I: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. ʻO Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine a me Gerontology. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 20.

Walston JD. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 22.

ʻO Weber TJ. Osteoporosis. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 230. Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola a US. National Institutes of Health, Keʻena o ka Paʻi Pūnaewele Meaʻai Mea Paipai. Wikamina D: pepa ʻoiaʻiʻo no nā ʻoihana olakino. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional. Hoʻohou ʻia Kepakemapa 11, 2020. Loaʻa iā Kepakemapa 27, 2020.