Hoʻololi nā ʻelemakule i nā māmā

ʻO nā māmā he ʻelua mau hana nui. Hoʻokahi e loaʻa ka oxygen mai ka ea i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe e wehe i ke kalapona kalapona mai ke kino. Pono kou kino i ka oxygen e hana pono. ʻO Carbon dioxide kahi kinoea a ke kino e hana ai ke hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka oxygen.

I ka wā hanu, komo ka ea a puka i nā akemāmā. Ke hanu ʻoe i (inhale), kahe ka ea ma waena o nā alaloa i loko o nā akemāmā. Hana ʻia nā ala ākea i nā mea kikoola. Hoʻopili nā ʻili o nā mākala a me nā mea kākoʻo ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia ala air e kōkua iā lākou e hāmama.

E kahe mau ana ka ea i loko o nā akemāmā a hiki i kona piha ʻana i nā ʻeke ea liʻiliʻi. Kolo puni ke koko i kēia mau ʻeke ea ma o nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he capillaries. ʻO ka oxygen e hele i ke kahe o ke koko ma kahi e hui ai nā kīʻaha koko a me nā ʻeke ea. ʻO kēia kahi e keʻa ai ke kalapona kalapona mai ke kahe o ke koko i loko o nā māmā e hanu ʻia (hemo.

KAHI MAKAHIKI I KOU KINO A ME KĀ LĀ ANA I NĀ LUNA

Nā loli i nā iwi a me nā mākala o ka umauma a me ka iwi kuamoʻo:

• E lahilahi nā iwi a hoʻololi i ke ʻano. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻololi i keʻano o kou ribcage. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻaʻole hiki i kāu ribcage ke hoʻonui a ʻaelike me ka wā hanu.
• ʻO ka mākala e kākoʻo i kou hanu ʻana, ka diaphragm, e nāwaliwali. Hiki i kēia nāwaliwali ke pale iā ʻoe mai ka hanu ʻana i ka ea i loko a i waho paha.

Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi i kou mau iwi a me nā mākala ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae o ka oxygen i kou kino. Eia kekahi, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo carbon dioxide mai kou kino. ʻO nā ʻōuli e like me ka luhi a me ka hanu liʻiliʻi hiki ke hopena.

Nā loli i kaʻaʻaʻa:

• ʻO nā mākala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana i kāu mau alaloa hiki ke nalowale i ko lākou hiki ke mālama i nā ala ākea. ʻO kēia ke kumu e pani maʻalahi ai nā alaloa.
• ʻO ka ʻelemakule ke kumu o ka lilo o nā ʻeke lewa i ko lākou ʻano a lilo i ʻeke.

Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi i kaʻiʻo māmā ke ʻae i ka lewa e paʻa i loko o kāu mau māmā. Liʻiliʻi paha ka oxygen e komo i kāu mau kīʻaha koko a hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo carbon dioxide. He mea paʻakikī kēia e hanu.

Nā hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana

• ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka lolo e kaohi ana i ka hanu ʻana e nalowale paha kekahi o kāna hana. Ke hiki kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i kou mau māmā ke loaʻa ka oxygen lawa. ʻAʻole lawa ka carbon dioxide e waiho i nā māmā. E paʻakikī paha ka hanu ʻana.
• ʻO nā aʻalolo i kāu mau alaloa e hoʻonāuki i ka huehue e lilo i mea maʻalahi ʻole. Hiki i nā mea nui e like me ka uahi a i ʻole nā ​​g germ e ʻohiʻohi i loko o nā akemāmā a paʻakikī paha e ʻūlū.

Nā hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana pale:

• Hiki ke nāwaliwali kou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO kēia ka hiki ʻole i kou kino ke hakakā i nā maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
• ʻAʻole hiki i kou mau māmā ke hoʻōla hou ma hope o ka puhi ʻana i ka uahi a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.

NA PILIKIA MAU

Ma muli o kēia mau loli, nui ka makaʻu o ka poʻe kahiko no:

• Nā maʻi lepa, e like me ka niumonia a me ka bronchitis
• Pokole o ka hanu
• Pae ʻokikene haʻahaʻa
• Nā hanana hanu maʻamau, ka hopena i nā pilikia e like me ka apnea hiamoe (nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka hanu i ka wā hiamoe)

KOHO ANA

E hoʻemi i nā hopena o ka ʻelemakule ma nā māmā:

• MAI Puhi. Hoʻopilikia ka puhihaka i nā māmā a hoʻonui i ka ʻelemakule māmā.
• Hana i ka hoʻoikaika kino e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana māmā.
• E ala aʻe a neʻe. Ke moe nei i kahi moe a noho paha no nā wā lōʻihi e ʻae ai ka mucus e hōʻiliʻili i nā akemāmā. Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe i ka makaʻu i nā maʻi lolo. He kūpono maoli nō kēia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana a i ʻole ke maʻi ʻoe.

HE MAU OLELO HOU E PILI ANA I KA MAKAHIKI

Ke hele a makua ʻoe, e loaʻa nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe, e like me:

• I loko o nā lālā, nāʻaʻaʻa, a me nā hunaola
• I nā iwi, nā mākala, a me nā ami
• I ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko
• I nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi

• ʻO cilia hanu
• Nā loli i kaʻiʻo māmā me ka makahiki

ʻO Davies GA, Bolton CE. Nā hoʻololi pili i ka makahiki i ka ʻōnaehana hanu. I: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. ʻO Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine a me Gerontology. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 17.

Meuleman J, Kallas HE. ʻO Geriatrics. I: MP Harward, hoʻoponopono. Nā mea huna Lapaʻau. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 18.

Walston JD. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka ʻelemakule. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 22.