Kalipuna - mimi

Ana kēia hōʻike i ka nui o ka calcium i ka mimi. Pono nā hunaola āpau i ka punaewele i mea e holo pono ai. Kōkua ka kalipuna i nā iwi ikaika a me nā niho. He mea nui ia no ka hana puʻuwai, a kōkua me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā mākala, hōʻailona nerve, a me ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko.

E nānā pū kekahi: Kalipuna - koko

ʻO kahi laʻana mimi he 24 mau hola ka mea e pono ai:

• I ka lā 1, mimiki i loko o ka lua ke ala ʻoe i ke kakahiaka.
• E hōʻiliʻili i nā mimi āpau (i kahi pahu kūikawā) no 24 mau hola e hiki mai ana.
• I ka lā 2, mimiki i loko o ka ipu i ke kakahiaka ke ala ʻoe.
• Kāpena i ka ipu. E mālama iā ia i loko o ka pahu hau a i kahi wahi anuanu i ka manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili. E lepili i ka ipu me kou inoa, ka lā, a me ka manawa āu e hoʻopau ai, a hoʻihoʻi e like me ke kuhikuhi.

No kahi pēpē, holoi pono i kahi e puka ai ka mimi i ke kino.

• E wehe i kahi ʻeke hōʻiliʻili mimi (kahi ʻeke palekiko me kahi pepa lina ma kekahi wēlau).
• No nā kāne, kau i ka peni holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka ʻeke a hoʻopili i ka lina i ka ʻili.
• No nā wahine, kau i ka ʻeke ma luna o ka labia.
• Diaper e like me ka maʻa ma luna o ka ʻeke paʻa.

Lawe paha kēia kaʻina hana i kekahi mau hoʻāʻo. Hiki i kahi pēpē hana ke hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻeke, e hele ana i ka mimi i loko o ka diaper. Pono ʻoe i mau ʻeke hōʻiliʻili keu.

E hōʻoia pinepine i ka pēpē a hoʻololi i ka ʻeke ma hope o ka mimiki ʻana o ka pēpē iā ia. E hoʻopau i ka mimi mai ka ʻeke i loko o ka ipu i hāʻawi ʻia e kāu mea mālama ola.

E hāʻawi i kahi laʻana i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua a i kāu mea lawelawe i ka hiki wawe.

Hiki i nā lāʻau he nui ke hoʻopilikia i nā hopena hōʻike mimi.

• E haʻi aku kāu mea lawelawe iā ʻoe inā pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau i mua o kou loaʻa ʻana o kēia hōʻike.
• Mai kū a hoʻololi paha i kāu mau lāʻau me ke kamaʻilio mua ʻole ʻana i kāu mea hāʻawi.

Pili ka hōʻike i ka urination maʻamau wale nō, a ʻaʻohe pilikia.

Hiki i ka pae mimi kalina ke kōkua i kāu mea hāʻawi:

• E hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa no ka ʻano maʻamau o nā pōhaku hakuʻala, i hana ʻia me ka puna. Hiki paha kēia ʻano pōhaku ke nui ka calcium i ka mimi.
• Nānā i kekahi mea pilikia me ka pākino parathyroid, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka pae calcium i loko o ke koko a me ka mimi.
• Kuhi i ke kumu o nā pilikia me kou pae pae calcium a i ʻole nā ​​iwi.

Inā ʻoe e ʻai nei i ka papaʻai maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka calcium i manaʻo ʻia i ka mimi he 100 a 300 mau milligrams i kēlā me kēia lā (mg / lā) a i ʻole 2.50 a 7.50 millimoles no 24 mau hola (mmol / 24 mau hola). Inā ʻoe e ʻai i ka papaʻai haʻahaʻa i ka puna, ʻo ka nui o ka puna i ka mimi e 50 a 150 mg / lā a i ʻole 1.25 a 3.75 mmol / 24 mau hola.

Hiki ke loli iki nā pae waiwai maʻamau i waena o nā hale hana ʻokoʻa. E kamaʻilio i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena hōʻike.

Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona ma luna i nā ana maʻamau no nā hopena no kēia mau hoʻāʻo. Hoʻohana kekahi mau keʻena hoʻokolohua i nā ana like ʻole a i ʻole hoʻokolohua i nā hoʻohālikelike like ʻole.

ʻO kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mīmū calcium (ma luna o 300 mg / lā) ma muli o:

• Maʻi maʻi ʻōniʻoniʻo
• ʻO ka pae vitamin D kiʻekiʻe
• ʻO ka liu ʻana o ke kōpaʻa mai nā puʻupaʻa i ka mimi, a he kumu ia e pōhaku ai ka pōhaku
• ʻO Sarcoidosis
• Lawe nui i ka puna
• ʻO ka hana nui ʻana o ka hormone parathyroid (PTH) e nā aʻa parathyroid i ka ʻāʻī (hyperparathyroidism)
• Hoʻohana o nā diuretics loop (ʻo ka furosemide maʻamau, torsemide, a i ʻole bumetanide)

ʻO kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka mimi calcium ma muli o:

• Nā maʻi i lawe ʻole ke kino i nā meaʻai mai kaʻai maikaʻi
• Nā maʻi i mālama ai ka hakuʻala i ka calcium ma kahi kūpono ʻole
• ʻAʻole hoʻohua ka hānai Parathyroid i ka ʻāʻī i lawa PTH (hypoparathyroidism)
• Hoʻohana o kahi diuretic thiazide
• ʻO ka pae haʻahaʻa loa o ka wikamina D

Mīkini Ca + 2; Nā pōhaku hakuʻala - calcium i ka mimi; Ka pūliki pālolo - kalipuna i kou mimi; Parathyroid - kalipuna i ka mimi

• ʻĀpana mimi wahine
• ʻĀpana mimi kāne
• Hōʻike mimi kalipuna

Bringhurst FR, Demay MB, Kronenberg HM. Hormones a me nā maʻi o ka mineral metabolism. I: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 13th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 28.

Klemm KM, Klein MJ. Nā māka biomimika o ka metabolism iwi. I: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, hua. ʻO kā Henry's Clinical Diagnosis a me Management e nā Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 15.

ʻO Thakker RV. ʻO nā gland parathyroid, hypercalcemia a me hypocalcemia. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 25th hua. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 245.