Pākuhi Toxicology

Kuhi ʻia kahi kānana ʻona i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā lāʻau kū kānāwai a me ke kānāwai ʻole i lawe ʻia e ke kanaka.

Hana pinepine ʻia ka loiloi Toxicology i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi laulau koko a mimi paha. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia ma hope koke iho o ka ale ʻana o ke kanaka i ka lāʻau, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻike o ka ʻōpū i lawe ʻia ma o ka gastric lavage (ʻōpū ʻōpū) a ma hope paha o ka luaʻi.

ʻAʻole pono kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā. Inā hiki iā ʻoe, e haʻi i kāu mea mālama ola i nā lāʻau lapaʻau (me nā lāʻau ʻoi loa) āu i lawe ai, e like me ka wā i lawe ai iā lākou a me ka nui o kāu ʻai ʻana.

ʻO kēia hōʻike i kekahi manawa i kahi ʻimi noiʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau. ʻO nā ʻae kūikawā, ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka lepili ʻana o nā laʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe e koi ʻia.

Hōʻike koko:

Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ke kui kele e huki i ke koko, manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka ʻehaʻeha o ka ʻeha, ʻoiai ka manaʻo o kekahi i kahi prick a i ʻole stinging sensation. Ma hope, aia paha kekahi ʻōkā.

Hōʻike mimi:

Pili ka mimi i kahi urination maʻamau. ʻAʻohe pilikia.

Hana pinepine ʻia kēia hōʻike i nā hanana olakino pōpilikia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i kahi kūpono a me kahi lāʻau make makehewa a kolohe ʻia paha. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu o ka lāʻau ʻona koʻikoʻi, nānā i ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka lāʻau, a hoʻoholo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea i loko o ke kino no nā hana olakino a kū kānāwai paha.

Nā kumu hou aʻe e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka hōʻike me:

• ʻAlekohola
• Mokuʻāina huki wai ʻona
• Ke kūlana noʻonoʻo i hoʻololi ʻia
• Analgesic nephropathy (hakuʻala ʻona)
• Hoʻopiʻi waiʻona kūpilikiʻi (delirium tremens)
• Delirium
• Dementia
• Nānā hōʻino kino
• Syndrome wai ʻino Fetal
• Hoʻopiʻi manaʻo nui
• Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi
• ʻO ka hahau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka cocaine
• Hoʻoweliweli i ka moekolohe
• Manaʻo ʻole

Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka hōʻike ma ke ʻano he pale lāʻau, pono e hana ʻia i loko o kekahi manawa ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau, a i ʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o ka lāʻau i ke kino. Aia ma lalo nā laʻana:

• ʻAlekohola: 3 a 10 mau hola
• Amphetamines: 24 a 48 mau hola
• ʻO Barbiturates: a i 6 mau pule
• Benzodiazepines: a i 6 mau pule me ka hoʻohana pae kiʻekiʻe
• ʻO Cocaine: 2 a 4 mau lā; a i 10 a 22 mau lā me ka hoʻohana nui
• Codeine: 1 a 2 mau lā
• Heroin: 1 a 2 mau lā
• Hydromorphone: 1 a 2 mau lā
• Methadone: 2 a 3 mau lā
• Morphine: 1 a 2 mau lā
• Phencyclidine (PCP): 1 a 8 mau lā
• Propoxyphene: 6 a 48 mau hola
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): 6 a 11 mau pule me ka hoʻohana nui

Hiki ke loli iki nā pae waiwai maʻamau no nā lāʻau lapaʻau over-the-counter a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau i waena o nā laboratories. E kamaʻilio i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu mau hopena hōʻike.

ʻO ke kumu waiwai maikaʻi ʻole pinepine ke ʻano o ka ʻalekohola, nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hōʻike ʻole ʻia, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau kū kānāwai.

Hiki i kahi kānana kolokolo koko ke hoʻoholo i ke alo a me ka pae (nui) o kahi lāʻau i kou kino.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hopena o ka mimi he maikaʻi (ʻike ʻia ka mea) a maikaʻi ʻole (ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa).

ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻalekohola a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia he hōʻailona ia o ka ʻona a me ka hōʻona ʻana a me nā overdose.

ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā lāʻau i kū ʻole i ke kānāwai a i ʻole kauoha ʻia no ke kanaka e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hiki ke launa pū kekahi me nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau kūʻai me nā kemika hoʻāʻo a me nā hopena wahaheʻe i nā hoʻokolohua mimi. E makaʻala kāu mea hāʻawi i kēia hiki.

ʻO nā pōpilikia e pili ana i ke kau ʻana o ke koko he mea liʻiliʻi akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Kahe nui ke koko
• Pāleʻale a ʻoluʻolu paha
• Hematoma (hōʻiliʻili koko ma lalo o ka ʻili)
• Maʻiʻaʻai (i iki kamepiula i kēlā me kēia manawa ka ʻili i haki)

ʻO nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka papakaumana kumuhana:

• ʻAlekohola (ethanol) - "inu" waiona
• Nā Amphetamines
• Nā Antidepressants
• ʻO Barbiturates a me hypnotics
• ʻO Benzodiazepines
• ʻO Cocaine
• Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
• Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
• Marijuana
• Nā Narcotics
• Nā lāʻau ʻeha non-narcotic, e laʻa me ka acetaminophen a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory
• Phencyclidine (PCP)
• Phenothiazines (antipsychotic a i ʻole tranquilizing lāʻau lapaʻau)
• Nā lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia, kēlā me kēia ʻano

Barbiturates - pale; Benzodiazepines - pale; Amphetamines - pale; Analgesics - pale; Nā Antidepressants - pale; Nā Narcotics - pale; Phenothiazines - pale; Pale ʻaihue lāʻau lāʻau; Hōʻike ʻalekō koko

• Hōʻaʻo koko

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ʻO Minns AB, Clark RF. Hana hoʻomāinoino ʻino. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 140.

Mofenson HC, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J. Ka lāʻau ʻona. I: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. ʻO kā Conn Therapy Therapy 2019. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019; 1273-1325.

ʻO Pincus MR, Bluth MH, ʻAberahama NZ. Toxicology a me ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau therapeutic. I: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, hua. ʻO kā Henry's Clinical Diagnosis a me Management e nā Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 23.