Hoemi i ka makaʻala

ʻO ka hōʻemi o ka makaʻala kahi kūlana o ka hōʻemi o ka ʻike a he kūlana koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ke koma kahi kūlana o ka hōʻemi o ka makaʻala mai kahi hiki ʻole ke ala i ke kanaka. Kāhea ʻia kahi koma lōʻihi loa he kūlana vegetative.

Hiki i nā ʻano he nui ke hōʻemi i ka makaʻala, e like me:

• Maʻi maʻi ʻōniʻoniʻo
• Ka luhi nui a hiamoe ʻole paha
• ʻO ke kō kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kō kō
• ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha o ka paʻakai sodium
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi ka mea paʻakikī a hoʻopili paha i ka lolo
• Hoka kōpaʻa
• ʻO nā kūlana thyroid e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae o ka hormone thyroid a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻekiʻe o ka hormone thyroid

Nā maʻi lolo a ʻeha paha, e like me:

• Dementia a i ʻole Alzheimer maʻi (nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe)
• Head trauma (kaulike i nā hihia koʻikoʻi)
• Ka hopu ʻana
• ʻO ka hahau (ʻo ka maʻamau ke nui a hahau paha ka hahau ʻana i kekahi mau wahi o ka lolo e like me ka ʻōnaehana a me ka thalamus)
• Nā maʻi e hoʻopili i ka lolo e like me ka meningitis a i ʻole encephalitis

Ka ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​ulia pōpilikia, e like me:

• ʻO nā luʻu luʻu a kokoke i ka make ʻana
• Kuʻi wela
• Hōʻemi kino haʻahaʻa loa (hypothermia)

Nā pilikia puʻuwai a hanu paha, e like me:

• Rhythm puʻuwai maʻamau
• Ka nele o ka oxygen mai kekahi kumu
• Kaomi haʻahaʻa
• Hoka puʻuwai koʻikoʻi
• Nā maʻi maʻi māmā
• Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe loa

Nā Toxins a me nā lāʻau, e like me:

• Hoʻohana ʻalekohola (inu inu ʻana a i ʻole hōʻino ʻana mai ka hoʻohana ʻona manawa lōʻihi)
• Hōʻike i nā metala kaumaha, nā hydrocarbons, a i ʻole nā ​​kinoea ʻawahia
• Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā lāʻau e like me ka opiates, narcotics, sedatives, a me anti-hopohopo a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana i nā lāʻau
• ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻaneʻane o nā lāʻau āpau, e like me nā mea e hoʻohana ai e mālama i ka hopu ʻana, kaumaha, psychosis, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe

E kiʻi i ke kōkua olakino no ka hōʻemi o ka ʻike, ʻoiai ke kumu ia no ka ʻona ʻona, maule ʻana, a i ʻole maʻi maʻi hopu i ʻike mua ʻia.

ʻO nā kānaka me ka maʻi epilepsy a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi hopu ʻē aʻe e pono ke komo i kahi kūpeʻe lima ID a i ʻole ka lei e wehewehe ana i ko lākou kūlana. Pono lākou e pale i nā hanana i hoʻomaka i ka hopu ʻana i ka wā i hala.

E kiʻi i ke kōkua lapaʻau inā ua hōʻemi kekahi i ka makaʻala i hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia. Kāhea i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (e like me 911) inā ʻaʻole hoʻi wikiwiki ka makaʻala maʻamau.

ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, e loiloi ʻia kahi kanaka me ka hōʻemi o ka ʻike i kahi lumi pilikia.

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino. E hoʻopili ka hōʻike i kahi nānā kikoʻī i ka puʻuwai, ka hanu ʻana, a me nā ʻōnaehana.

E nīnau ka hui mālama ola i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala olakino o ke kanaka a me nā ʻōuli, e like me:

Papa manawa

• I ka manawa hea i hōʻemi ai ka makaʻala?
• Pehea kona lōʻihi?
• Ua hana ʻia ma mua? Inā pēlā, ehia mau manawa?
• Ua hana like ke kanaka i ke ʻano like i nā wā i hala?

Mōʻaukala olakino

• Loaʻa i ke kanaka i ka maʻi epilepsy a i ʻole ka maʻi pākī?
• He maʻi diabetes ko ke kanaka?
• Ua hiamoe maikaʻi paha ke kanaka?
• Ua loaʻa paha kahi ʻeha poʻo i kēia manawa?

Nā ʻē aʻe

• He aha nā lāʻau a ke kanaka e lawe ai?
• Hoʻohana paha ke kanaka i ka waiʻona a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau i kēlā me kēia manawa?
• He aha nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e kū nei?

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e hana ʻia ana paha:

• Pākuʻi x-ray
• Helu piha i ke koko a i ʻole ka hoʻokae koko
• CT scan a MRI paha o ke poʻo
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Nā hoʻāʻo electrolyte a me nā hana ate
• Pākuʻi Toxicology a me ka pae ʻalekohola
• Urinalysis

Pili ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu o ka emi o ka makaʻala. Aia ke ʻano o ke kanaka ma muli o ke kumu o ke ʻano.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ke kanaka i ka makaʻala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.

Kupanaha; Kūlana noʻonoʻo - ua hōʻemi; Lilo o ka makaʻala; Hoemi i ka ʻike; Hoʻololi i ka ʻike; Hoʻonui waiwai; Koma; Ka pane ʻole ʻana

• Kūpilikiʻi i nā mākua - hoʻokuʻu
• Kūpilikiʻi i nā keiki - hoʻokuʻu
• Kāohi i nā hōʻeha poʻo i nā keiki

ʻO Lei C, Smith C. Ka noʻonoʻo kaumaha a me ke koma. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 13.

Wilber ST, Ondrejka JE. Ke kūlana noʻonoʻo a me ka delirium i hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO Emerg Med Clin ʻAkau ʻAkau. 2016; 34 (3): 649-665. PMID: 27475019 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27475019.