Ka hanu ʻana - lohi a kū paha

ʻO ka hanu e kū ana mai nā kumu a pau i kapa ʻia ʻo apnea. Kāhea ʻia ka hanu lohi ʻo bradypnea. ʻO ka hanu hana a paʻakikī paha i ʻike ʻia ʻo dyspnea.

Hiki iā Apnea ke hele mai a hele a lilo i kahi manawa. Hiki i kēia ke hana me ka pale hiamoe obstructive, ʻo kahi laʻana.

ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ʻo ia hoʻi ua oki ka hanu ʻana o kekahi kanaka. Inā mau ka naʻau, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka hanu. He hanana hoʻoweliweli kēia e koi koke ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kōkua mua.

ʻO ka apnea lōʻihi me ka hana ʻole o ka puʻuwai i loko o ke kanaka pane ʻole e kapa ʻia he hopu ʻia cardiac (a i ʻole cardiopulmonary). I nā pēpē a me nā keiki, ʻo ke kumu maʻamau o ka hopu ʻia o ka naʻau ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka hanu. I nā mākua, kū maʻamau ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hopu pinepine ka hopu naʻau i ka hopu ʻana i ka hanu.

Hiki i ka hanu paʻakikī ke hana no nā kumu he nui. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻokoʻa nā kumu maʻamau o ka apnea i nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi mai nā kumu maʻamau o nā mākua.

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o nā pilikia hanu i nā pēpē a me nā keiki ʻōpio pū kekahi:

• Asthma
• ʻO Bronchiolitis (ka wela a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā hale hanu liʻiliʻi i nā akemāmā)
• Kāpena
• ʻO Encephalitis (lolo a me ka maʻi e pili i nā hana o ka lolo nui)
• ʻO reflux Gastroesophageal (heartburn)
• Ka paʻa ʻana o ka hanu
• Meningitis (pume a me ka maʻi o nā mea i uhi i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo)
• Pulumonia
• Hānau hānau ʻole
• Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka pilikia hanu (dyspnea) i nā mākua:

• ʻO ka hopena āpau e kumu ai i ke alelo, ka puʻu, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōhū o ke ala ʻē aʻe
• Asthma a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maʻi māmā
• Hopu Cardiac
• Kāpena
• ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻomake lāʻau, keu hoʻi ma muli o ka waiʻona, painkillers narcotic, barbiturates, anesthetics, a me nā mea kaumaha ʻē aʻe.
• Loli i loko o nā ake māmā
• ʻAha moe hiamoe

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe o ka pīpeka me:

• ʻO ke poʻo ʻeha a ʻeha paha i ka ʻāʻī, waha, a me ka larynx (pahu leo)
• Maʻi hohola
• Paʻi kuʻi ʻole
• Nā maʻi Metabolic (kino kemika, mineral, a me acid-base)
• Kokoke e poholo
• ʻO ka hahau a me nā lolo ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana (neurological) maʻi
• Ka hōʻeha i ka paia o ka umauma, puʻuwai, a i ʻole nā ​​ake māmā
  

E ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a kāhea paha i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (e like me 911) inā he kanaka me kekahi ʻano pilikia hanu.

• Lōpō
• Loaʻa ka hopu ʻana
• ʻAʻole makaʻala (nalowale ka ʻike)
• Hiamoe hou
• Huli polū

Inā kū ka hanu ʻana o kekahi kanaka, e kāhea no ke kōkua pilikia a hana i ka CPR (inā ʻike ʻoe pehea). Ke wā ma kahi ākea, e nānā i kahi defibrillator waho kūwaho (AED) a hāhai i nā ʻōkuhi.

E hana ʻia ka CPR a i ʻole nā ​​hana kūpilikiʻi i loko o kahi keʻena pilikia a i ʻole e ka ʻenehana lapaʻau maʻi pōpilikia (EMT) a i ʻole paramedic.

Ke kūpaʻa ke kanaka, e hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino, e pili ana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kani o ka puʻuwai a me nā kani o ka hanu.

E nīnau ʻia nā nīnau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala olakino o ke kanaka a me nā ʻōuli, e like me:

PALAPALA MANAWA

• Ua hana ʻia kēia ma mua?
• Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka hanana?
• Ua hana hou ke kanaka, i kekahi mau manawa pōkole o ka pāleo?
• Ua pau ka hopena me kahi hohonu hohonu, hanu hanu?
• Ua hana ʻia ka hanana i ka wā ala a hiamoe paha?

MOOLELO OLA HOU

• Ua loaʻa paha i kahi kanaka kahi ulia hou a i ʻole ʻeha.
• Ua maʻi paha ke kanaka i kēia manawa?
• Aia kekahi pilikia hanu ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka hanu?
• He aha nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe āu i ʻike ai?
• He aha nā lāʻau a ke kanaka e lawe ai?
• Hoʻohana paha ke kanaka i nā lāʻau o ke alanui a i ʻole ka leʻaleʻa?

ʻO nā hōʻoia diagnostics a me nā hana e hana ʻia ai e hoʻopili ʻia:

• Kākoʻo Airway, e like me ka oxygen, paipu hanu ma o ka waha (intubation), a me ka mīkini hanu (ventilator)
• Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko a me ka mimi
• Pahu umauma
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• CT scan
• Defibrillation (uila uila i ka puʻuwai)
  
• ECG (electrocardiogram, a i ʻole ka huli puʻuwai)
• Nā Fluids ma o kahi aa (intravenous a i ʻole IV)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i nā ʻōuli, me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo e hoʻohuli i nā hopena o kahi lāʻau make a i ʻole overdose

Ua lohi a kū paha ka hanu ʻana; ʻAʻole hanu; Hopu hanu; Apnea

Kelly A-M. Nā pilikia kūpikipiki. I: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly A-M, Brown A, Little M, eds. Puka o ka Medicine Emergency Emergency. ʻEhā ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2015: chap 6.

Kurz MC, Neumar RW. Hoola hou makua. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 8.

ʻO Roosevelt GE. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hanu pēpē Pediatric: nā maʻi o nā akemāmā. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 169.