ʻĀkena ʻino

Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka lāʻau make mai ka mercury.

ʻO kēia ʻatikala no ka ʻike wale nō. Mai hoʻohana ia mea e mālama a mālama i kahi lāʻau make maoli. Inā loaʻa ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea āu e launa pū ai, e kāhea i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (e like me 911), a i ʻole hiki ke kiʻi pololei ʻia i kahi kikowaena lāʻau make kūloko ma ke kāhea ʻana i ka laina laina kōkua Poison Help free (1-800-222-1222) mai nā wahi a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

ʻEkolu ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka mercury e pilikia ai ke olakino. O lākou:

• ʻO ka mercury Elemental, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mercury wai a i ʻole quicksilver
• ʻO nā paʻakai kūlohelohe ʻole
• Mercury meaola

Hiki ke loaʻa ka mercury elemental i:

• Nā thermometers aniani
• Uila kuapo
• ʻO nā ipukui kukui uila
• Nā hoʻopiha kahua niho
• Kekahi lako pono olakino

Hiki ke loaʻa ka mercury anorganic i:

• Nā Pahu
• Nā keʻena kemika
• ʻO kekahi mau mea disinfectants
• Nā Lāʻau Folk
• Minerala cinnabar ʻulaʻula

Hiki ke loaʻa i ka mercury meaola i:

• ʻO nā mea pepehi kanaka makua (antiseptics) e like me ka mercurochrome ʻulaʻula (merbromin) (pāpā ʻia kēia mea e ka FDA)
• ʻAhu mai ka lānahu kuni
• Ua ʻai ka iʻa i ke ʻano o ka mercury meaola i kapa ʻia ʻo methylmercury

Aia kekahi mau kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe o kēia mau ʻano mercury.

MERCURY ELELE

He mea maʻa ʻole ka Elementary mercury inā hoʻopā ʻia a ale ʻia paha. Mānoanoa a pahee ia e hāʻule mau i ka ʻili a haʻalele i ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū me ka ʻole o ke komo.

Hiki ke hana i kahi nui o ka pōʻino, akā inā loaʻa ka mercury elemental i ka lewa i ke ʻano o nā droplets liʻiliʻi i hanu ʻia i loko o nā akemāmā. Kū hewa pinepine kēia i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai ka poʻe e hakahaka i ka mercury i ninini ʻia i ka honua.

ʻO ka hanu ʻana i ka mercury elemental e hoʻomaka koke ai nā ʻōuli. Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi. E kū mai nā ʻōuli lōʻihi inā e hanu ʻia nā liʻiliʻi i ka manawa. Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he mau hōʻailona mau. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli maʻi:

• ʻIno metallic i ka waha
• ʻO ka luaʻi
• Hanu paʻakikī
• ʻŪhā maikaʻi ʻole
• Pehu, hāwele koko

Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o ka hanu ʻana o ka mercury, hōʻino ʻia ka lung mau loa a me ka make. Hiki ke hōʻino ʻia ka lolo lōʻihi loa mai ka mercury elemental inhaled.

Ua loaʻa nā hihia o ka mercury i lalo o ka ʻili i hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia i ke kuni a me ka hū.

MERCURY INORGANIC

ʻAʻole like me ka mercury elemental, ʻino mau ka inorganic mercury ke ale ʻia. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o nā mea i ale ʻia

• Ke puhi nei i ka ʻōpū a me ka puʻu
• ʻO ka maʻi diarrhea a me ka luaʻi

Inā komo ke mercury inorganic i kou kahena koko, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i nā puʻupaʻa a me ka lolo. Hiki ke hōʻino ʻia nā puʻupaʻa paʻa a me nā puʻupaʻa ʻole. ʻO kahi nui i ke kahe o ke koko e kumu i ka nui o ke koko a me ka nalowale o ka wai mai ka palahī a me nā kōpaʻa ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka make.

KA PALAPALA HUI

Hiki i ka mercury ke kumu ke hana i ka maʻi inā hanu ʻia ia, ʻai ʻia, a kau ʻia i ka ʻili ma nā manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka mercury organik ke kumu o nā pilikia i nā makahiki a i ʻole mau makahiki, ʻaʻole koke. ʻO kēia ke hōʻike ʻia ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka mercury meaola i kēlā me kēia lā no nā makahiki e hoʻokumu ʻia nā hōʻailona ma hope. ʻO kahi kū hoʻokahi nui, akā, hiki i ka pilikia.

ʻO ka hoʻolōʻihi lōʻihi ʻana ke kumu o nā ʻōuli i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo, e like me:

• Pōpō a ʻeha paha i kekahi mau ʻāpana o kou ʻili
• Haʻalulu ʻole a haʻalulu ʻole paha
• Hiki ʻole ke hele wāwae maikaʻi
• ʻO ka makapō a me ka hihiʻo pālua
• Nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo
• ʻO ka hopu ʻana a me ka make (me nā hōʻike nui)

Ke hōʻike ʻia nei i ka nui o ka mercury kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia ʻo methylmercury ʻoiai e hāpai ke kumu o ka hōʻino mau o ka lolo i ka pēpē. Paipai ka hapanui o nā poʻe lawelawe mālama ola i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka iʻa pahi kaua, ʻoiai hāpai. E kamaʻilio nā wahine i kā lākou mea e hoʻolako nei e pili ana i ka mea a lākou e ʻai ai ʻoiai hāpai.

E hoʻomākaukau i kēia ʻike:

• Ka makahiki o ke kanaka, kaupaona, a me ke kūlana (ʻo kahi laʻana, e ala a makaʻala ke kanaka?)
• Kumu o ka mercury
• Ka manawa ua ale ʻia, hanu ʻia, a hoʻopā ʻia paha
• ʻO ka nui i ale ʻia, hanu ʻia, a i hoʻopā ʻia paha

Mai hoʻopaneʻe i ke kāhea ʻana i ke kōkua inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻike ma luna.

Hiki ke kiʻi pololei ʻia kāu kikowaena lāʻau hoʻomake lāʻau kūloko ma ke kāhea ʻana i ka laina laina kōkua Poison Help manuahi (1-800-222-1222) mai nā wahi a pau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. E hoʻokuʻu kēia lālani lāhui iā ʻoe e kamaʻilio me nā loea i ka lāʻau make. E hāʻawi lākou iā ʻoe i nā ʻōkuhi ʻē aʻe.

He lawelawe manuahi kēia a pilikino. Hoʻohana nā kikowaena mālama lāʻau ʻona āpau i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēia helu aupuni. E kāhea ʻoe inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka lāʻau make a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau make. ʻAʻole pono ia e pilikia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea no nā kumu, 24 mau hola i ka lā, 7 mau lā o ka pule.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau no ka hōʻike mercury me nā ʻanuʻu ma lalo pono. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mālama ʻana no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano mercury ma hope o kēia ʻike ākea.

E neʻe ke kanaka mai ke kumu o ka hōʻike.

E ana a mālama ka mea mālama ola i nā ʻōuli nui o ke kanaka, e like me ka mahana, ka lāʻau, ka hanu, a me ke kahe o ke koko.

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e hana ʻia ana paha:

• Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke koko a me ka mimi
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• ECG (electrocardiogram) a i ʻole ka puʻuwai e huli ai

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka mālama ʻana:

• Hana ʻia ka lanahu e ka waha a i ʻole ka paipu ma o ka ihu i loko o ka ʻōpū, inā e ale ʻia ka mercury
• Dialysis (mīkini hakuʻala)
• Nā Fluids ma o kahi aa (e IV)
• Lapaʻau e mālama i nā ʻōuli

E hoʻoholo ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea e pono ai nā hōʻike ʻē aʻe.

MERCURY ELELE

He paʻakikī paha ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau make mercury elemental. E loaʻa paha i ke kanaka:

• Ka oxygen a Humidified paha
• ʻO ka hanu hanu ma o ka waha i loko o nā māmā a hoʻohana i kahi mīkini hanu (ventilator)
• Ka omo ʻana i ke kala i waho o nā akemāmā
• Lapaʻau e hoʻoneʻe i ka mercury a me nā metala kaumaha mai ke kino
• Wehe ʻoki ʻana o ka mercury inā e injected ma lalo o ka ʻili

MERCURY INORGANIC

No ka lāʻau make mercury inorganic, hoʻomaka pinepine ka mālama ʻana me ka mālama kōkua. E loaʻa paha i ke kanaka:

• Nā Fluids e IV (i loko o kahi aa)
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā ʻōuli
• ʻO ka lanahu i hana ʻia, kahi lāʻau e hoʻopulu i nā mea he nui mai ka ʻōpū
• Kapa ʻia nā lāʻau i chelators e lawe i ka mercury mai ke koko

KA PALAPALA HUI

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mercury organik he mau lāʻau i kapa ʻia chelators. Lawe kēia i ka mercury mai ke koko a neʻe aku iā ia mai ka lolo a me nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, e hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i mau pule i mau mahina.

ʻO ka hanu ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka merury elemental e hana i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, inā he, nā hopena ʻaoʻao lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hanu ʻana i nā nui ke alakaʻi i kahi noho lōʻihi i ka haukapila. Kūpono paha ka pohō mau. Hiki paha i ka lolo ke hōʻino. ʻO nā hōʻike nui loa e make ai ka make.

Hiki i kahi overdose nui o ka inorganic mercury ke kumu i ka nui o ke koko a me ka nalowale o ka wai, ʻole ka hakuʻala, a make paha.

Pilikia ka lolo ʻana o ka lolo mai ka lāʻau make ʻana i ka mercury paʻakikī. ʻAʻole ola hou kekahi poʻe, akā aia kekahi mau kūleʻa i loaʻa i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka lāʻau chelation.

Mahajan PV. ʻOna onaona kaumaha. I: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 738.

ʻO Theobald JL, Mycyk MB. ʻO nā hao a me nā hao hao kaumaha. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 151.