ʻO ke alakaʻi a ka mea huakaʻi e pale aku i nā maʻi lele

Hiki iā ʻoe ke noho olakino i ka wā huakaʻi e ka hana ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu kūpono e pale aku iā ʻoe iho ma mua o kou hele. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea e pale ai i ka maʻi ʻoiai ʻoe e hele huakaʻi ana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi āpau āu e hopu ai i ka wā huakaʻi he mea liʻiliʻi. I nā hihia kakaikahi, akā, hiki iā lākou ke koʻikoʻi, a i ʻole make make paha.

Kūlike nā maʻi i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. Pono ʻoe e hana i nā ʻanuʻu pale ʻokoʻa, kaukaʻi ʻia i kahi āu e hele nei. E noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea:

• Nā pepelu a me nā parasites
• Ke aniau kūloko
• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe

ʻO nā kumuwaiwai lehulehu maikaʻi loa no ka ʻike huakaʻi hou o kēia ka:

• Nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/travel
• ʻO ka hui olakino honua (WHO) - www.who.int/ith/en

IMUA O KA HUAKAI

E kamaʻilio i kāu kauka olakino a i ʻole kipa aku i kahi haukapila huakaʻi 4 a 6 mau pule ma mua o kou haʻalele ʻana no kāu huakaʻi. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kekahi mau lāʻau āpau. Pono kekahi o kēia mau manawa i ka hana.

Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻohou i kāu pale. ʻO kahi laʻana, pono paha ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau "booster" no:

• Diphtheria, tetanus, a me pertussis (Tdap)
• Influenza (flu)
• Nā ana - mumps - rubella (MMR)
• Polio

Pono paha ʻoe i nā lāʻau āpau no nā maʻi i ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika. Eia kekahi laʻana o nā lāʻau āpau i koi ʻia:

• Hepatitis A.
• Hepatitis B
• Meningococcal
• Typhoid

Ua koi kekahi mau ʻāina i nā lāʻau āpau. Pono paha ʻoe e hōʻoia i kāu loaʻa ʻana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i mea e komo ai i ka ʻāina.

• Koi ʻia ka wī ʻana o ka fiva Yellow e komo i kekahi mau ʻāina Sub-Saharan, Central ʻApelika, a me ʻAmelika Hema.
• Koi ʻia ka lāʻau vaccine Meningococcal e komo i Saudi Arabia no ka huakaʻi hajj.
• No ka papa inoa piha o nā koi ʻāina, e nānā i ka pūnaewele ʻo CDC a i ʻole WHO.

ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā koi lāʻau ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa nā:

• Nā keiki
• Kanaka makua
• ʻO ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali a i ʻole HIV
• ʻO ka poʻe e manaʻo e launa pū me kekahi mau holoholona
• ʻO nā wahine hāpai a hānai hānai paha

E hoʻopaʻa me kāu mea lawelawe a i ʻole kahi haukapila huakaʻi hele wahi.

KA PALE ANA iā MALARIA

ʻO Malaria kahi maʻi nui i hohola ʻia e ka nahu o kekahi mau makika, e nahu mau nei ma waena o ka pō a me ka wanaʻao. Kū nui ia i nā aniau tropical a subtropical. Hiki i ka malaria ke hana i nā fiva kiʻekiʻe, haʻalulu nā haʻalulu, nā ʻōuli e like me ka flu, a me ka anemia. Aia he 4 ʻano o ka malaria parasites.

Inā ʻoe e hele ana i kahi e maʻa mau ai ka malaria, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau e pale ai i ka maʻi. Lawe ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i mua o kou haʻalele ʻana, i kou wā huakaʻi, a no kekahi manawa pōkole ma hope o kou hoʻi ʻana mai. Pehea ka maikaʻi o ka loli ʻana o nā lāʻau. Kūpono kekahi ʻano o ka malaria i kekahi o nā lāʻau pale. E mālama pū ʻoe i nā ʻanuʻu e pale aku ai i nā nahu o nā ʻelala.

ZIKA VIRUS

ʻO Zika kahi maʻi i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kānaka e ka nahu o nā makika maʻi. ʻO nā ʻōuli e like me ke kuni, ka ʻeha pū, ka ʻūhū, a me nā maka ʻulaʻula (conjunctivitis). ʻO nā makika i pāhola aku iā Zika ka ʻano like i hoʻolaha i ka maʻi dengue a me ka maʻi chikungunya. ʻAi pinepine kēia mau makika i ka lā. ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka pale ʻana iā Zika.

Manaʻo ʻia he loulou ma waena o nā makuahine me ka maʻi Zika a me nā pēpē i hānau ʻia me microcephaly a me nā kīnā hānau ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā Zika ke hoʻolaha mai kahi makuahine i kāna pēpē i ka kōpū (i ka utero) a i ʻole i ka manawa hānau. Hiki i kahi kāne me Zika ke hoʻolaha i ka maʻi i kāna mau hoa wahine. Aia kekahi mau hōʻike e pili ana iā Zika e hoʻolaha nei ma o ka hoʻokaʻa koko ʻana.

Ma mua o ka makahiki 2015, ua loaʻa ka maʻi nui ma ʻApelika, Hikina Hema ʻAsia, a me nā Pae ʻĀina Pakipika. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia i kēia manawa i nā mokuʻāina a me nā ʻāina like ʻole:

• Palakila
• Mokupuni Caribbean
• ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
• Mekiko
• ʻAmelike ʻĀkau
• ʻAmelika Hema
• Pokoliko

Ua loaʻa ka maʻi i kekahi mau moku o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. No ka ʻike hou loa, e ʻoluʻolu e kipa i ka Pūnaewele no ka Control Disease and Prevention's (CDC) pūnaewele - www.cdc.gov/zika.

I mea e pale ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi Zika, e hana i nā kaʻina e hōʻalo ai i nā nahu makika. Hiki ke pale ʻia ka hoʻoili kolohe ʻana o ka maʻi ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka condom a i ʻole ka moe kolohe ʻana me kahi kanaka i hiki ke maʻi ʻia.

KA PALE ANA I NĀ INITIKA

E pale aku ai i nā nahu mai nā makika a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe:

• E ʻaahu i nā mea hoʻopunipuni o nā mea kolo ke hele i waho, akā e hoʻohana me ka palekana.ʻO nā repellents kuʻuna e pili ana iā DEET a me picaridin. ʻO kekahi mau repellents biopesticide he aila o ka lemon eucalyptus (OLE), PMD, a me IR3535.
• Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka upena makika moe i kou hiamoe ʻana.
• E komo i nā pālule, a me nā pālule lole lima lōʻihi, i ke ahiahi hoʻi.
• Moe wale i nā wahi i nānā ʻia.
• Mai ʻaʻala.

PAKELE MEA MEA WAI

Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kekahi ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi ma ka ʻai ʻana a me ka inu ʻana i ka meaʻai haumia a i ʻole ka wai. Aia kahi makaʻu nui i ka maʻi mai ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea ʻai ʻole a maka ʻole paha.

E haʻalele i nā meaʻai aʻe:

• Nā meaʻai i kuke ʻia i ʻae ʻia e hōʻalili (e like me mai nā mea kūʻai aku i ke alanui)
• ʻO nā hua i holoi ʻole ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe a laila ihi ʻia
• Nā mea kanu maka
• Nā palaoa
• Nā meaʻai waiū unpasteurized, e like me ka waiū a me ka tī

ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka wai i hana ʻole ʻia a haumia paha i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi. E inu wale i kēia mau wai:

• Hiki i nā inu kīmole kēpau a wehe ʻole ʻia (ka wai, wai, wai wai kalapona, wai inu ʻona)
• Nā mea inu i hana ʻia me ka wai i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, e like me ka tī a me ke kope

Mai hoʻohana i ka hau i kāu mau mea inu ke hana ʻole ʻia ia mai ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai ma ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana iā ia me kekahi mau pahu kemika a i ʻole nā ​​kānana wai.

Nā ʻĀina ʻē aʻe e pale aku ai i nā maʻi maʻi INFECTIOUS

E hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i kou mau lima. E hoʻohana i ke kopa a me ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe waiʻona e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi.

Mai kū a ʻauʻau paha i nā kahawai, nā kahawai, a i ʻole nā ​​loko wai i loaʻa i ka sewage a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona holoholona i loko o lākou. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi. ʻO ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā loko wai kolona ka palekana i ka hapa nui o ka manawa.

I ka wā e kāhea ai i kahi kauka lāʻau lapaʻau

Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi pākī i kekahi manawa me ka hoʻomaha a me nā wai. Hāʻawi paha kāu mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi lāʻau antibiotic e lawe i kāu huakaʻi inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi me ka maʻi pākī ʻoi loa ke hele.

E mālama pono i ka lāʻau inā:

• ʻAʻole hele ka maʻi pehu
• Hoʻokumu ʻoe i kahi kuni wela a i ʻole maloʻo

Kāhea aku i kāu mea hāʻawi ke hoʻi ʻoe i ka home inā maʻi ʻoe me ka fiva i kou hele ʻana.

ʻO ke olakino huakaʻi; Nā maʻi maʻi a me nā huakaʻi

• Nā maʻi maʻi a me nā huakaʻi
• Malaria

ʻO Beran J, Goad J. Nā huakaʻi hele huakaʻi: he maʻi hepatitis A a me B, typhoid. I: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Lapaʻau huakaʻi. ʻEhā ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 11.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Virus Zika. No nā mea lawelawe mālama ola: loiloi loiloi a me nā maʻi. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/preparing-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Hoʻohou i Ianuali 28, 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 3, 2020.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Virus Zika: nā ʻano hoʻoili. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html. Hoʻohou i Iulai 24, 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 3, 2020.

ʻO Christenson JC, ʻo John CC. ʻ advicelelo aʻoaʻo olakino no nā keiki e hele huakaʻi ana i ka honua. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 200.

Freedman DO, Chen LH. Hele i ka mea maʻi ma mua a ma hope o ka huakaʻi. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 270.

Pūnaewele World Health Organization. Papa inoa o ka ʻāina: nā koi a me nā ʻōlelo koi no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kuni yellow; kūlana malaria; a me nā koina hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. www.who.int/ith/ith_country_list.pdf. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 3, 2020.