Pakuhi ulu

Hoʻohana ʻia nā pakuhi ulu e hoʻohālikelike i ke kiʻekiʻe, kaupaona, a me ka nui o ke poʻo o kāu keiki e kūʻē i nā keiki o ka makahiki like.

Hiki i nā pakuhi ulu ke kōkua iā ʻoe a me kāu kahu mālama olakino e ukali i kāu keiki i ka wā e ulu ana. Hāʻawi paha kēia mau pakuhi i kahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo wawe e loaʻa i kāu keiki kahi pilikia olakino.

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā pakuhi ulu mai ka ʻike i loaʻa i ke ana ʻana a me ke kaupaona ʻana i mau kaukani mau keiki. Mai kēia mau helu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaulike kaulike a me ke kiʻekiʻe no kēlā me kēia makahiki a me ke kāne.

Hōʻike nā laina a i ʻole nā ​​ʻūlū ma nā pakuhi ulu i ka nui o nā keiki ʻē aʻe i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e kau ana i kekahi nui ma kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke kaupaona ma ka 50th percentile laina ʻo ia hoʻi ka hapalua o nā keiki ma United States i kaupaona ma mua o kēlā helu a me ka hapalua o nā keiki i kaupaona ka liʻiliʻi.

KE ANA O NA PALAPALA ulu

E ana ke kahu o kāu keiki i kēia mau mea i kēlā me kēia kipa keiki maikaʻi.

• Kaona (ana ʻia i nā auneke a me nā paona, a i ʻole nā ​​gram a me nā kilo)
• Kiʻekiʻena (ana ʻia i ka wā e moe ana i nā keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 3, a ʻoiai e kū ana i nā keiki ma mua o 3 mau makahiki)
• ʻO ke poʻo o ke poʻo, kahi ana o ke poʻo i lawe ʻia e ka wahī ʻana i kahi leki ana a puni ke poʻo o ke poʻo ma luna o nā kuʻemaka

E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 2, hiki ke helu i ke kino nui o ke keiki (BMI). Hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha e hoʻomaopopo i ka BMI. Hiki i kahi ana BMI ke koho i ka momona o ke kino o ke keiki.

Kau ʻia kēlā me kēia ana o kāu keiki ma ka pakuhi ulu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau ana me ka pae maʻamau (maʻamau) no nā keiki o ka like kāne a me ka makahiki. E hoʻohana ʻia ka pakuhi like i ka nui ʻana o kāu keiki.

Pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i kahi pakuhi ulu

Hopohopo ka nui o nā mākua inā lākou e aʻo i ke kiʻekiʻe, kaupaona, a i ʻole ke poʻo o kā lākou keiki ma mua o ka nui o nā keiki ʻē aʻe i ka makahiki like. Hopohopo lākou e holo pono paha kā lākou keiki i ke kula, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻomau i ka haʻuki.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i kekahi mau mea nui hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o nā mākua i ke ʻano o nā ana like ʻole.

• Hiki ke hana i nā hewa i ke ana ʻana, no ka laʻana inā squirms ka pēpē ma ka pālākiō.
• ʻAʻole hiki i ke ana hoʻokahi ke hōʻike i ke kiʻi nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, lilo paha i kahi keiki ʻōpio ke kaupaona ma hope o ka maʻi diarrhea, akā e loaʻa hou paha ke kaumaha ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka maʻi.
• Aia kahi ākea ākea no ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he "maʻamau." Ma muli wale nō o kāu keiki i ka 15 pākēneka no ke kaupaona (ʻo ia hoʻi 85 o 100 mau keiki ke kaupaona ʻoi aku), ʻaʻole pinepine kēia helu i ka maʻi o kāu keiki, ʻaʻole lawa ʻoe i ka hānai ʻana i kāu keiki, a ʻaʻole lawa paha kāu waiū waiū no kāu pēpē.
• ʻAʻole wānana nā ana o kāu keiki inā lōʻihi, pōkole, momona, a wīwī hoʻi i ka wā makua.

E hopohopo paha kekahi mau hoʻololi i ka pakuhi ulu o kāu keiki i kāu mea hāʻawi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

• Ke noho kekahi o nā ana a kāu keiki ma lalo o ka pākēneka a i ʻole ma luna o ka 90th pakeneka no ko lākou makahiki.
• Inā ke ulu nei me ka lohi a wikiwiki paha ke ana ʻia i ka manawa.
• Ke kū ʻole ke ana o kāu keiki i kahi laina ma ka pakuhi. ʻO kahi laʻana, hopohopo paha kahi mea hāʻawi inā aia kahi 6 mau makahiki i ka 75th pākēneka, akā ua neʻe i ka 25th pākēneka i 9 mau mahina, a ua emi iho ma lalo o 12 mau mahina.

ʻO ka ulu maʻamau ma nā pakuhi ulu ulu kahi hōʻailona wale nō ia o kahi pilikia hiki. E hoʻoholo kāu mea hāʻawi inā he pilikia olakino maoli ia, a i ʻole inā e nānā pono ʻia ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki.

Pakuhi kiʻekiʻe a kaumaha

• Poʻo poʻo
• Pakuhi kiʻekiʻe / kaumaha

Bamba V, Kelly A. Loiloi i ka ulu ʻana. I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 27.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele mālama a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi, National Center for Health Statistics. Nā pakuhi ulu CDC. www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/cdc_charts.htm. Hoʻohou ʻia Kekemapa 7, 2016. Loaʻa iā Malaki 7, 2019.

Cooke DW, Dival SA, Radovick S. Normal a ulu pono ʻole i nā keiki. I: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 13th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 24.

Kimmel SR, Ratliff-Schaub K. Ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana. I: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Puke aʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻohana. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 22.