Glaucoma

ʻO Glaucoma kahi hui o nā kūlana maka i hiki ke hōʻino i ke aʻalolo optic. Hoʻouna kēia nerve i nā kiʻi āu e ʻike ai i kou lolo.

ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka hōʻino ʻia o ke aʻalolo optic ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana o kaomi i ka maka. Kapa ʻia kēia kaomi intraocular.

ʻO Glaucoma ka lua o nā kumu maʻamau o ka makapō ma United States. ʻEhā ʻano nui o ka glaucoma:

• Glaucoma huina ākea
• ʻO glaucoma pani-pani, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo glaucoma pani paʻa
• Glaucoma congenital
• Glaucoma lua

Hoʻopiha ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka maka me kahi kahe maopopo i kapa ʻia he hoʻomākeʻaka wai. Hana ʻia kēia wai i kahi ma hope o ka ʻāpana kala o ka maka (iris). E waiho ka maka i waena o nā kahawai kahi e hui ai ka iris a me ke kornea. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻāpana i ke keʻena o ke keena mua, a i ʻole ke kihi. ʻO ke kole ka uhi maopopo ma ke alo o ka maka i mua o ka iris, ka haumāna, a me ke kihi.

ʻO nā mea e lohi a ālai paha i ke kahe o kēia wai e hoʻoulu i ke kaomi i ka maka.

• I ka glaucoma ākea, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaomi pinepine ka liʻiliʻi a lohi.
• I ka glaucoma kihi paʻa, piʻi pinepine a hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻonui.
• Hiki i kekahi ʻano ke hōʻino i ke aʻalolo optic.

Glaucoma huina ākea ʻo ia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka glaucoma.

• ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu. Hoʻonui mālie ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maka maka ma luna o ka manawa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haha.
• Hoʻonui kaomi i ka nerve optic. Hoʻopilikia ka nerve optic i nā maka makapō i kāu hihiʻo.
• ʻO ka glaucoma ākea e holo i loko o nā ʻohana. ʻOi aku kou makaʻu inā he makua a makua paha kāu me ka glaucoma ākea. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o nā kānaka o nā kūpuna ʻApelika no kēia maʻi.

Glaucoma huina paʻa kū i ka wā i ālai koke ʻia ka wai a ʻaʻole hiki ke kahe mai ka maka. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka piʻi wikiwiki a koʻikoʻi i ka maka o ka maka.

• Hiki i ka dilating maka kulu a me kekahi mau lāʻau ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka huʻi glaucoma hoʻouka.
• ʻO ka glaucoma huina paʻa kahi pilikia.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka glaucoma koʻikoʻi i hoʻokahi maka, makaʻu ʻoe no ia i ka maka ʻelua. E mālama paha kāu mea mālama ola i kou maka ʻelua e pale ai i ka hoʻouka mua ʻana i loko o kēlā maka.

Glaucoma lua kū ma muli o kahi kumu i ʻike ʻia. Hiki i ke glaucoma hāmama a ʻoki paʻa hoʻi ke lilo i kula lua ke kumu ʻia e kekahi mea i ʻike ʻia. Nā kumu i komo:

• ʻO nā lāʻau e like me corticosteroids
• Nā maʻi maka, e like me uveitis (kahi pehu o ka papa waena o ka maka)
• Nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi kō
• Poino ka maka

Glaucoma congenital aia i loko o nā pēpē.

• Holo pinepine ia i loko o nā ʻohana.
• Aia i ka wā hānau.
• Kuhi ʻia ia ke ulu ʻole ka maka i ka maʻamau.

WEHE-HAKAKA GLAUCOMA

• ʻAʻohe o ka hapanui o ka poʻe.
• Ke ʻike ʻoe i ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi, ua nui ka ʻino.
• Lohi i ka nalo o ka ʻaoʻao (peripheral) hihiʻo (i kapa ʻia he tunnel vision).
• Hiki i ka glaucoma holomua ke alakaʻi i ka makapō.

GLAUCOMA KAHAKAI-ANA

Hele mai paha nā ʻōuli a hele i ka mua, a i ʻole e hele a ʻoi aku ka ʻino. E ʻike paha ʻoe:

• ʻEha, ʻehaʻeha loa i ka maka hoʻokahi
• ʻImi hōʻemi a ʻalili hoʻi, i kapa pinepine ʻia he hihiʻo "mahu"
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻAno ānuenue e puni ana i nā kukui
• Maka ʻulaʻula
• Pehu ka maka

GLAUCOMA CONGENITAL

ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli ma ke ʻano o ke keiki i kekahi mau mahina.

• Kapua o ka maka o ka maka
• Ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maka hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​maka ʻelua paha
• Maka ʻulaʻula
• ʻIke i ka mālam
• Haehae

GLAUCOMA LUA

• Pili pinepine nā ʻōuli i ka pilikia ma ke kumu o ka glaucoma.
• Ke kaukaʻi ʻia nei ke kumu, like paha nā ʻōuli me ka glaucoma ākea a i ʻole ka glaucoma pani-pani.

ʻO ke ala wale nō e hōʻoia ai i ka glaucoma ma o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻike maka piha.

• E hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi hoʻāʻo e nānā i kou kaomi maka. Kapa ʻia kēia he tonometry.
• I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i nā kulu maka e hoʻonui ai (hoʻonui) i kāu haumāna.
• Ke hoʻonui ʻia kāu haumāna, e nānā kāu kauka maka i loko o kou maka a me ke aʻalolo optic.

He ʻokoʻa ke kaomi maka i nā manawa like ʻole o ka lā. Hiki i ke kaomi maka ka mea maʻamau i kekahi poʻe me ka glaucoma. No laila pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i ka glaucoma. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi aniani kūikawā e nānā i ke kihi o ka maka (gonioscopy).
• Nā kiʻi paʻi a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi anamanaʻo kukuna o ka maka o kou maka (optic nerve imaging).
• ʻO nā kiʻi ʻoki a Laser o ka ʻaoʻao o ka maka.
• Ke nānā nei i kāu retina -ʻO ka retina ka mea maʻalahi ma hope o kou maka.
• Ke nānā nei pehea e pane ai kāu haumāna i ka māmā (ka pane reflex pupillary).
• 3-D ʻike i kou maka (nānā i ka kukui kukui).
• Ke hoʻāʻo nei i ka mōakāka o kāu ʻike (ʻike maka).
• Ke hoʻāʻo nei i kāu kahua o ka hihiʻo (ana kahua kahua ʻike).

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hōʻemi i kou kaomi maka. Pili ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ka glaucoma i loaʻa iā ʻoe.

WEHE-HAKAKA GLAUCOMA

• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka glaucoma ākea, e hāʻawi ʻia paha ʻoe i nā kulu maka.
• Pono paha ʻoe i hoʻokahi ʻano. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me nā kulu maka.
• ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kulu maka i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hopena ma mua o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā i hala.
• Hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i nā pila i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maka i ka maka.

Inā ʻaʻole holo pono nā kulu, pono ʻoe i kahi lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.

• Hoʻohana ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa laser i kahi laser ʻeha ʻole e wehe i nā kahawai kahi e kahe ai ka wai.
• Inā ʻaʻole holo pono nā kulu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka laser, pono ʻoe i kahi ʻoki kino. E wehe ke kauka i kahi kahawai hou i hiki ai i ka wai ke pakele. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou kaomi.
• I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā implants hou i hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka glaucoma i ka poʻe e loaʻa ana i kahi ʻoki cataract.

ACute ANGLE GLAUCOMA

ʻO kahi hoʻouka pani pani pani kūpilikiʻi kahi pilikia olakino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i makapō i kekahi mau lā ke ʻole ʻoe e mālama ʻia.

• Hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i nā kulu, nā pila, a me nā lāʻau i hāʻawi ʻia ma o ke aa (e IV) e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou kaomi maka.
• Pono kekahi poʻe i kahi hana pilikia, i kapa ʻia he iridotomy. Hoʻohana ke kauka i kahi laser e wehe i kahi kahawai hou i ka iris. I kekahi manawa hana ʻia kēia me ke ʻoki kino. Hoʻopau ke kahawai hou i ka hoʻouka kaua a pale i ka hoʻouka hou ʻana.
• I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻouka kaua ma ka maka ʻē aʻe, e hana pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana like ma ka maka ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia kēia inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi hoʻouka kaua.

GLAUCOMA CONGENITAL

• ʻAneʻane mālama mau ʻia ka glaucoma congenital me ke kahakaha.
• Hana ʻia kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka anesthesia laulā. ʻO kēia ka hiamoe o ke keiki a ʻaʻohe ona ʻeha.

GLAUCOMA LUA

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka glaucoma lua, mālama ʻia ke kumu e kōkua paha i kāu hōʻailona e hele. Pono e mālama i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka glaucoma ākea. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele iā ia a mālama i kāu ʻike ma ka hāhai ʻana i nā kuhikuhi a kāu mea hāʻawi.

ʻO ka glaucoma huina paʻa he pilikia olakino. Pono ʻoe i ka mālama koke e mālama i kāu hihiʻo.

Hana maikaʻi nā pēpē me ka glaucoma congenital ke hana ʻoki ʻia i ke kakahiaka.

Pehea ʻoe e hana ai me ka glaucoma lua ma muli o ke kumu o ke ʻano.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha o ka maka nui a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi, ʻike koke i ke kōkua olakino. He mau hōʻailona paha kēia o ka glaucoma kihi paʻa.

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i ka glaucoma ākea. ʻAʻohe o ka hapanui o ka poʻe. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike.

• Hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua maka piha ke kōkua i ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka glaucoma ākea, ke maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana.
• Pono nā mākua āpau e hōʻoia i ka maka i ka makahiki 40.
• Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka glaucoma, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka maka ma mua o ka makahiki 40.
• Pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua maka e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu mea hāʻawi.

Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka glaucoma kihi paʻa, hiki i kāu mea hāʻawi ke paipai i ka lāʻau ma mua o kou hoʻouka kaua ʻana e kōkua ai i ka pale ʻana i ka maka o ka maka a me ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike.

Glaucoma huina hāmama; Glaucoma maʻi; ʻO glaucoma ākea ākea; Glaucoma hamama kumu mua; ʻO glaucoma huina paʻa; Glaucoma huina hāiki; Glaucoma pani-pani; Glaucoma huehue; Glaucoma lua; Glaucoma hānau; Loaʻa ka hihiʻo - glaucoma

• Maka
• Hōʻike kukui kukui
• Hōʻike kahua ʻike maka
• Glaucoma
• ʻ nerveiwi nīnohi

Nānā ʻē aʻe ʻo 2019 o ka glaucoma: diagnose and management (NICE guideline NG81) [Pūnaewele]. Ladana: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2019 Sep 12. PMID: 31909934 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31909934/.

ʻO GrL RL, ʻo McMillan BD. ʻO ka hoʻokele olakino o glaucoma i kēia manawa. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 10.24.

ʻO Jampel HD, ʻo Villarreal G. Nā lāʻau i hōʻike ʻia ma glaucoma. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 10.34.

ʻO Madu A, ʻo Rhee DJ. ʻO ka lāʻau hea e hoʻohana ai i ka glaucoma. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 10.23.

ʻO Moyer VA; ʻO ka Hana Hana Hana Hana Preventive US. Ke nānā ʻana no ka glaucoma: ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka Preventive US. ʻO Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159 (7): 484-489. PMID: 24325017 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24325017/.

Prum BE Jr, Lim MC, Mansberger SL, et al. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo glaucoma hāmama ākea e makemake i nā ʻōkuhi kumu hana. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): P112-P151. PMID: 26581560 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26581560/.