Cryptococcosis

ʻO Cryptococcosis ka maʻi me nā fungi ʻO Cryptococcus neoformans a ʻO Cryptococcus gattii.

C neoformans a C gattii ʻo nā fungi ke kumu o kēia maʻi. Maʻi kīnā me C neoformans ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Maʻi kīnā me C gattii ua ʻike nui ʻia ma ka ʻāina Pākīpika Komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, British Columbia ma Kanada, Hikina Hema ʻo ʻAsia, a me ʻAukekulia. ʻO Cryptococcus ka fungus pinepine e kumu i nā maʻi nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Loaʻa nā ʻano fungi ʻelua i ka lepo. Inā ʻoe e hanu i ka fungus, maʻi ia i kou mau māmā. E hele aku ka maʻi i kāna iho, e noho i nā akemāmā wale nō, a i ʻole hoʻolaha ʻia i loko o ke kino (hoʻolaha). C neoformans ʻike pinepine ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i ka poʻe me ka ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali, e like me ka poʻe:

• Hoʻopili ʻia me ka maʻi HIV / AIDS
• E lawe i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o nā lāʻau corticosteroid
• Kanesa
• Aia i nā lāʻau chemotherapy no ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Loaʻa i ka maʻi Hodgkin
• Ua loaʻa i kahi transplant ʻōnaehana

C gattii hiki i ka poʻe me ka ʻōnaehana pale pale maʻamau.

C neoformans ʻo ia ke kumu hoʻoweliweli pinepine i ke ola o ka maʻi fungal i ka poʻe me HIV / AIDS.

Loaʻa nā maʻi ma waena o ka poʻe ma waena o 20 a 40 mau makahiki.

E pāhola paha ka maʻi i ka lolo i ka poʻe i nāwaliwali ka pale. Hoʻomoe mālie nā ʻōuli Neurological (lolo). ʻO ka hapanui o ka poʻe ka pehu a me ka huhū o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo ke ʻike ʻia. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi lolo:

• Fever a me headache
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻole
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻIke makapō a ʻike ʻelua paha
• Huikau

Hiki i ka maʻi ke hoʻopili i nā akemāmā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli pūpū:

• Ka paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana
• Cough
• ʻEha ʻeha

Hiki i nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe ke:

• ʻEha iwi a palupalu paha o ka umauma
• Ka luhi
• ʻO ka ʻili, me nā kiko ʻulaʻula pinpoint (petechiae), ulcer, a me nā ʻili ʻili ʻē aʻe
• ʻO ka hou - maʻamau, ʻoi loa i ka pō
• Nūhū pehu
• Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha ʻole

ʻO ka poʻe me kahi ʻōnaehana pale olakino ʻaʻohe o lākou hōʻailona.

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a nīnau e pili ana i nā ʻōuli a me ka mōʻaukala huakaʻi. Hōʻike ka hōʻike kino:

• Kani ka hanu maʻamau
• Ka helu puʻuwai wikiwiki
• Fiva
• Hoʻololi ke kūlana noʻonoʻo
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa

ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e hana ʻia ana paha:

• ʻO ka moʻomeheu koko e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā fungi ʻelua
• CT scan o ke poʻo
• ʻO ka moʻomeheu Sputum a me ka poke
• ʻO Biopsy Lung
• ʻO ka Bronchoscopy a me ka bronchoalveolar lavage
• Spinal tap e kiʻi i kahi laʻana o ka cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• ʻO ka moʻomeheu Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo antigen Cryptococcal (nānā i kekahi mole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka paia o ka pūnaewele ʻO Cryptococcus fungus i loko o ke koko a CSF paha)

Kau ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau fungal no ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka cryptococcus.

Loaʻa i nā lāʻau:

• Amphotericin B (hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻino)
• ʻO Flucytosine
• ʻO Fluconazole

ʻO ke komo pū ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ke kumu o ka make a i ʻole ke alakaʻi i kahi pōʻino mau.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā hoʻomohala ʻoe i nā ʻōuli o cryptococcosis, keu hoʻi inā loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

C. neoformans var. maʻi neoformans; C. neoformans var. maʻi gatti; C. neoformans var. maʻi grubii

• Cryptococcus - mea ʻai ma ka lima
• Cryptococcosis ma ka lae
• Fungus

Kauffman CA, Chen SC-A. Cryptococcosis. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 317.

ʻO JR maikaʻi loa. ʻO Cryptococcosis (ʻO Cryptococcus neoformans a me Cryptococcus gattii). I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 262.

Robles WS, Ameen M. Cryptococcosis. I: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson IH, eds. Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻili: nā ʻōnaehana Therapyutic Comprehensive. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 49.