Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki

ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa makika kahi maʻi maka e luku mālie i ka ʻike maka, waena. He mea paʻakikī kēia e ʻike i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi a heluhelu.

Kūleʻa ka maʻi i ka poʻe ma mua o 60 mau makahiki, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa pinepine ʻia ai ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi macular e pili ana i ka makahiki (ARMD a i ʻole AMD).

ʻO ka retina ma ka hope o ka maka. Hoʻololi ia i nā kukui a me nā kiʻi i komo i ka maka i nā neʻena nerve i hoʻouna ʻia i ka lolo. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka retina i kapa ʻia ʻo ka macula ka mea e ʻoi ai ka hihi a ʻoi aku ka kikoʻī. He kiko melemele ia ma ka waena o ka retina. He kiʻekiʻe kona o nā kala ʻelua (pigment) i kapa ʻia ʻo lutein a me zeaxanthin.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka AMD e ka hōʻino ʻia o nā kīʻaha koko e hāʻawi i ka macula. Hoʻopilikia kēia hoʻololi i ka macula.

Aia ʻelua ʻano o ka AMD:

• Hana ʻia ka AMD maloʻo ke lilo nā kīʻaha koko ma lalo o ka macula i lahilahi a palupalu. Waihona melemele liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia drusen, palapala. ʻAneʻane pau ka poʻe me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e hoʻomaka me ka ʻano maloʻo.
• Hana ʻia ka AMD pulu ma kahi o 10% o ka poʻe me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular. ʻO nā kīʻaha koko hou a palupalu loa e ulu ma lalo o ka macula. Hoʻopuka kēia mau moku i ke koko a me ka wai. ʻO kēia ʻano AMD ke kumu o ka hapa nui o nā nalowale ʻike e pili pū ana me ke ʻano.

ʻAʻole maopopo i nā kauka ke kumu o ka AMD. Kākaʻikahi ke kūlana ma mua o ka makahiki 55. Kū ka hapanui i ka poʻe 75 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia no ka AMD:

• Mōʻaukala ʻohana o AMD
• Keʻokeʻo
• Puhi paka
• ʻAi momona-kiʻekiʻe
• He wahine

ʻAʻohe paha ou mau hōʻailona ma ka mua. Ke hele a māhuahua ka maʻi, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā pilikia me kāu ʻike waena.

NA HIMENI O AMD DRY

ʻO ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ka AMD maloʻo ka ʻike maka. ʻO nā mea i waenakonu o kāu hihi ke nānā pinepine i nā ʻino a me ka pōuliuli, a me nā waihoʻoluʻu e nalo. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke pilikia i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka paʻi a i ʻole ke ʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī ʻē aʻe. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maikaʻi e hele wāwae a hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā.

Ke hele a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka AMD maloʻo, pono ʻoe i mau mālamalama hou aʻe e heluhelu a hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kahi wahi blurred i ka waena o ka hihiʻo e hele a nui a pouli hoʻi.

I nā pae hope o ka AMD maloʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā helehelena a kokoke lākou.

NA HIMENI O WET AMD

ʻO ka ʻōuli maʻamau o ka AMD pulu ka ʻike pinepine ʻia o nā laina pololei i wili a wavy hoʻi.

Aia paha he wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi i waenakonu o kāu hihiʻo e hoʻonui ana i ka manawa.

Me nā ʻano AMD ʻelua, hiki ke lilo koke ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike waena. Inā kū kēia, pono ʻoe e ʻike koke ʻia e ka ophthalmologist. E hōʻoia i ka ʻike o kēia kauka maka i ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia me ka retina.

E loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoʻokolohua maka. E kau ʻia nā kulu i kou mau maka e hoʻonui ai (dilate) i kāu poʻe haumāna. E hoʻohana ke kauka maka i nā aniani ʻokoʻa e ʻike i kāu retina, nā kīʻaha koko, a me nā aʻa optic.

E nānā ke kauka maka no nā loli kikoʻī i ka macula a me nā kīʻaha koko a no ka drusen.

E noi paha ʻoe iā ʻoe e uhi i hoʻokahi maka a nānā i kahi ʻano o nā laina i kapa ʻia he grid Amsler. Inā nānā ke nānā pololei nā laina pololei, he hōʻailona paha ia o AMD.

Nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia:

• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka pena kala a me ka pahupaʻikiʻi e nānā ai i ke kahe o ke koko i ka retina (fluorescein angiogram)
• Ke kiʻi nei i kahi kiʻi o ka uhi o loko o ka maka (fundus paʻi kiʻi)
• Ke hoʻohana nei i nā nalu māmā e nānā i ka retina (tomography coherence tomography)
• ʻO kahi hōʻike e ana i ka pigment i ka macula

Inā ʻoe i holomua a i ʻole maloʻo maloʻo AMD, ʻaʻohe lapaʻau e hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i kāu hihiʻo.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka AMD mua a ʻaʻole puhi, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau wikamina, nā antioxidant, a me ka zinc e pale i ka maʻi mai ʻino aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻihoʻi iā ʻoe i ka hihiʻo i nalo.

Kāhea ʻia ka hui ʻana "Formula" AREDS. Loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui:

• 500 milligrams (mg) o ka wikamina C
• 400 mau hui honua o beta-carotene
• 80 mg o ka kiniki
• 2 mg keleawe

E lawe wale i kēia hui ʻana o ka wikamina inā koi ke kauka iā ia. E ʻike pono i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā wikamina a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopihapiha āu e lawe nei. ʻAʻole pono nā mea puhipaka e hoʻohana i kēia kumukanawai.

Hiki paha iā AREDS ke pōmaikaʻi iā ʻoe inā he moʻolelo ʻohana kāu a me nā mea pilikia no ka AMD.

ʻO ka Lutein a me ka zeaxanthin, nā mea i loaʻa i nā lau lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi paha i kou makaʻi no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi makula e pili ana i ka makahiki.

Inā pulu ʻoe i ka AMD, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo:

• ʻO ke kahakaha laser (photocoagulation laser) - kahi kukui liʻiliʻi o ka mālamalama e luku i ke kahe ʻana, nā kīʻaha koko ʻokoʻa.
• Photodynamic therapy - hoʻoulu ka kukui i kahi lāʻau i injected i loko o kou kino e luku i nā kīʻaha koko kahe.
• Hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e pale aku i nā kīʻaha koko hou mai ka hana ʻana i ka maka i ka maka (he hana ʻeha ʻole kēia).

Hiki i nā kōkua ʻike liʻiliʻi (e like me nā aniani kūikawā) a me ka therapy ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka hihiʻo āu i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ola.

Pani ka ukali me kāu kauka kauka i mea nui.

• No ka AMD maloʻo, e kipa aku i kāu kauka maka i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki no kahi hōʻike maka piha.
• No ka AMD pulu, pono paha ʻoe i nā kipa pinepine ʻana i kēlā me kēia mahina.

ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā loli ʻike he mea nui ia no ka wikiwiki o kou mālama ʻia ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāu hopena. ʻO ke kuhi mua ʻana e alakaʻi i ka lāʻau ma mua a pinepine, kahi hopena maikaʻi aʻe.

ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e ʻike ai i nā loli me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho ma ka home me ka pahu Amsler. Hiki i kāu kauka maka ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kope o ka pūnaewele a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke paʻi i hoʻokahi mai ka Pūnaewele. E hoʻāʻo i kēlā me kēia maka i ka wā e kau ana i kāu mau aniani heluhelu. Inā nānā ka lalani i nā laina, e kāhea koke i kāu kauka maka no kahi kau.

Hāʻawi paha kēia mau kumuwaiwai i ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular:

• ʻAhahui degeneration macular - macularhope.org
• Ke KeʻenaʻOihana Makaʻāina - www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/age-related-macular-degeneration

ʻAʻole pili ka AMD i ka ʻaoʻao (peripheral) ʻike. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka nalowale ʻana o ka hihi. Nā hualoaʻa AMD i ka nalo ʻana o ka hihiʻo waena wale nō.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa, maloʻo AMD ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonā i ka nalowale o ka hihiʻo o ka hihi.

Ke alakaʻi pinepine nei ʻo Wet AMD i ka pohō nui o ka hihiʻo.

Ma ka laulā, me AMD lilo paha ʻoe i ka hiki ke heluhelu, hoʻokele kaʻa, a ʻike i nā helehelena ma kahi mamao. Akā hiki i ka hapanui o ka poʻe me AMD ke hoʻokō i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā me ka pilikia ʻole.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka AMD, hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke ʻōlelo aku iā ʻoe e hōʻoia i kāu ʻike i kēlā me kēia lā me kahi grid Amsler. Kāhea koke i kāu mea hāʻawi inā nānā nā laina i ka wavy. Kāhea pū inā ʻike ʻoe i nā loli ʻē aʻe i kāu hihiʻo.

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ala i ʻike ʻia e pale aku ai i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular, ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi nohona olakino hiki ke hōʻemi i kou makaʻu i ka hoʻomōhala ʻana iā AMD:

• Mai puhi
• Mālama i ka papaʻai olakino i kiʻekiʻe i nā hua a me nā mea kanu a me ka momona o nā holoholona
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine
• Mālama i kahi kaupaona olakino

E ʻike pinepine i kāu ʻoihana mālama maka no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka maka.

Degeneration macular e pili ana i ka makahiki (ARMD); AMD; Lilo ka hihiʻo - AMD

• Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākeke
• ʻO Retina

Pūnaewele ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Ophthalmology. Retina / Vitreous Committee, Hoskins Center no ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka maka. ʻO ke kumu aʻo kumu hoʻohālikelike makemake ʻia. Ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular pili i ka makahiki PPP 2019. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/age-related-macular-degeneration-ppp. Hoʻohou ʻia ʻOkakopa 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 24, 2020.

ʻO Wenick AS, Bressler NM, Bressler SB. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa macular e pili ana i ka makahiki: AMD non-neovascular ʻole, AMD waena, a me ka atrophy ʻāina. I: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. ʻO Ryan's Retina. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 68.