ʻO ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me nā maʻi o ka maka

Hiki i ke kahe kiʻekiʻe ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko i ka retina. ʻO ka retina ka papa o nā mea ma ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka maka. Hoʻololi ia i nā kukui a me nā kiʻi i komo i ka maka i nā neʻena nerve i hoʻouna ʻia i ka lolo.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko a me ka lōʻihi o ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku paha ka nui o ka pōʻino.

Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi makaʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻino a me ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi ke loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes, kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kolesterol, a i ʻole puhi ʻoe.

Kākaʻikahi wale ka ulu ʻana o ke koko kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke hana ia, hiki ke hana i nā loli nui i ka maka.

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe me ka retina e ʻoi aku paha, e like me:

• Poino i nā aʻalolo i ka maka ma muli o ke kahe o ke koko maikaʻi ʻole
• Ka paʻa ʻana o nā aʻa e hāʻawi i ke koko i ka retina
• ʻO ka pale ʻana o nā uaua e lawe i ke koko mai ka retina

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me retinopathy hypertensive ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā hōʻailona a hiki i ka hopena o ka maʻi.

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli:

• ʻO ka hihiʻo pālua, ʻike hihi, a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka hihiʻo
• Poʻo poʻo poʻo

ʻO nā ʻōuli hōʻino kahi pilikia olakino. ʻO ka manaʻo pinepine he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko.

E hoʻohana kāu mea olakino i kahi ophthalmoscope e nānā no ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko a me nā hōʻailona i kahe ka wai mai nā kīʻaha koko.

ʻO ke kēkelē o ka poino i ka retina (retinopathy) i helu ʻia ma ka pālākiō o 1 i ka 4:

• Papa 1: ʻAʻohe paha ou mau ʻōuli.
• Nā papa 2 a 3: Aia kekahi mau hoʻololi i nā kīʻaha koko, kahe mai nā kīʻaha koko, a me ka pehu ʻana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka retina.
• Papa 4: E hāhū ʻoe i ke aʻalolo optic a me ke kikowaena ʻike o ka retina (macula). Hiki i kēia ʻōhū ke hoʻoemi i ka hihiʻo.

Pono paha ʻoe i kahi hoʻokolohua kūikawā e nānā ai i nā kīʻaha koko.

ʻO ka lāʻau wale nō no ka hypertensive retinopathy ka mālama ʻana i ke koko kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka poʻe me ka papa 4 (retinopathy koʻikoʻi) loaʻa pinepine nā pilikia o ka puʻuwai a me nā puʻupaʻa ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko. ʻOi aku lākou i ka nui o ka makaʻu no ka hahau.

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, e hoʻōla ka retina inā kaohi ʻia ke kaomi koko. Eia nō naʻe, e hōʻeha mau kekahi mau kānaka me ka retinopathy papa ʻehā i ka nerve optic a i ʻole macula.

E loaʻa i ka lāʻau hoʻomālō kūpilikiʻi inā loaʻa ʻoe i ke koko kiʻekiʻe me ka loli o ka hihi a me ke poʻo hina.

Retinopathy kiʻekiʻe loa

• Retinopathy kiʻekiʻe loa
• ʻO Retina

ʻO Levy PD, ʻo Brody A. Hypertension. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 74.

ʻO Rachitskaya AV. Retinopathy kiʻekiʻe loa. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 6.18.

Yim-lui Cheung C, Wong TY. Hypertension I: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. ʻO Ryan's Retina. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 52.