Maʻi ʻaʻai umauma

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka i nā aʻa o ka umauma. ʻElua ʻano nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• Hoʻomaka ka maʻi maʻi o Ductal i nā paipu (ducts) e halihali i ka waiū mai ka umauma a i ka nipple. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai umauma o kēia ʻano.
• Hoʻomaka ka carcinoma Lobular i nā ʻāpana o ka umauma, i kapa ʻia nā lobule, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i ka waiū.

I nā hihia maʻamau, hiki i nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka umauma ke hoʻomaka i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka umauma.

ʻO nā mea pilikia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma nā mea e hoʻonui i ka manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• ʻO kekahi mau kumu pilikia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kaohi, e like me ka inu lama ʻana. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kaohi.
• ʻO ka nui o nā pilikia i loaʻa iā ʻoe, ʻo ka nui o kāu māiʻoni e hoʻonui. Akā, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e hoʻomohala ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ka nui o nā wahine e hoʻomohala i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia a pilikia ʻole i ka mōʻaukala ʻohana.
• Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāu mau pilikia e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i nā ala e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i kāu makaʻu.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o kekahi mau wahine no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma muli o kekahi mau hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻokoʻa i hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia mai ko lākou mau mākua mai.

• ʻO Genes ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo BRCA1 a i ʻole BRCA2 ke kuleana no ka nui o nā hihia o nā maʻi maʻi umauma hoʻoilina.
• ʻO kahi mea hana kānana me nā nīnau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o kou ʻohana a ʻo kāu hoʻi e hiki ke kōkua i kāu kauka olakino inā pilikia paha ʻoe i ka hāpai ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana.
• Inā ʻoe i kahi makaʻu nui, kahi hoʻāʻo o ke koko e ʻike inā lawe ʻoe i nā genes.
• Hiki i kekahi mau genes ʻē aʻe ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

ʻO nā implant umauma, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antiperspirants, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pale underwire ʻaʻole e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike e pili pono ana ma waena o ka umauma maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā pesticides.

ʻAʻole kumu ka maʻi ʻaʻai mua i nā ʻōuli. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua umauma maʻamau a me nā mammograms i mea nui, no laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kanesa ʻaʻohe o nā ʻōuli ma mua.

Ke ulu nei ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e hoʻopili pū ʻia nā ʻōuli:

• Pāpā umauma a puʻupuʻu paha i ka ʻāpana lima paakiki, paʻakikī ʻole kona mau kihi, a ʻeha ʻole ka maʻamau.
• Hoʻololi i ka nui, ke ʻano, a i ʻole ka manaʻo o ka umauma a i ʻole ka piko. ʻO kahi laʻana, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole puckering e like me ka ʻili o kahi ʻalani.
• Loli mai ka nipple. He koko paha ka wai, maopopo i ka melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole nānā e like me ka pāʻū.

I nā kāne, hōʻailona nā maʻi ʻaʻai umauma me ka umauma a me ka ʻeha o ka umauma a me ka palupalu.

ʻO nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai nui i mua:

• ʻEha iwi
• ʻEha ʻeha a hōʻoluʻolu ʻole paha
• Ulcer ʻili
• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o nā lymph node i ka armpit (aʻe i ka umauma me ka maʻi ʻaʻai)
• Kaumaha emi

E nīnau ka mea mālama ola e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a me nā kumu pilikia. A laila e hana ka mea hāʻawi i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. Hoʻopili pū ka hōʻike me nā umauma, nā lima lima, a me ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma.

Paipai ʻia nā wahine e hana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kēlā me kēia mahina. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka mea nui o nā hoʻāʻo iho no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo e hōʻike a nānā i ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma:

• ʻO ka mamamography e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma a i ʻole kōkua e ʻike i ka puʻupuʻu o ka umauma
• E hōʻike i ka ultrasound umauma inā paʻa a piha paha ka wai i ka puʻupuʻu
• ʻO Biopsy umauma, e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano e like me ka moʻo o ka nila, alakaʻi ʻia e ultrasound, stereotactic, a wehe paha
• ʻO ka MRI umauma e kōkua maikaʻi e ʻike i ka puʻupuʻu o ka umauma a i ʻole loiloi i kahi loli maʻamau i ka mammogram
• ʻO ka biopsy lymph node Sentinel e nānā inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻa i nā lymph node
• CT scan e nānā inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma waho o ka umauma
• Nānā ʻo PET e nānā inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai

Inā ʻike kāu kauka aia ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, e hana ʻia nā hōʻike hou aku. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻo ke kau ʻana, kahi e nānā ai inā ua laha ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kōkua ke kau ʻana i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka lapaʻau a me ka ukali ʻana. Hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo o ka mea e kali ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma mai 0 a i IV. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ke kahua, ʻo ka holomua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mālama ʻana ma nā kumu he nui, e like me:

• ʻAno o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma
• ʻO ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (ʻo ke kau ʻana kahi mea hana a kāu poʻe hoʻolako e hoʻohana ai e ʻike i ka holomua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.)
• Inā maʻalahi ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kekahi mau hormoni
• Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (overexpresses) i ka protein HER2 / neu

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Hoʻoikaika Hormone.
• ʻO Chemotherapy, kahi e hoʻohana ai i nā lāʻau e make ai i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.
• ʻO ka radiation radiation, i hoʻohana ʻia e luku i nāʻiʻo maʻi ʻaʻai.
• ʻO kahi ʻoki e wehe ai i nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai: Hoʻopau kahi lumpectomy i ka puʻupuʻu umauma. Lawe ka Mastectomy i nā mea āpau a ʻāpana paha o ka umauma a me nā hale kokoke paha. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lymph node kokoke i ka wā o ke ʻoki.
• Hoʻohana ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻeha i nā loli i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ka Hormone therapy kahi laʻana o ka therapist hoʻomoana. Paʻa ia i kekahi mau hormones e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ke kūloko a i ʻole ʻōnaehana:

• Pili nā mālama kūloko i kahi o ka maʻi wale nō. ʻO ka radiation a me ke kahakaha nā ʻano o ka lapaʻau kūloko. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou ke hele ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma waho o ka umauma.
• Hoʻopili nā lawelawe ʻōnaehana i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO Chemotherapy a me ka hormonal therapy kekahi ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻōnaehana.

Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā wahine i kahi hui o nā mālama. No nā wahine me ka ʻōpū I, II, a i ʻole III ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma, ʻo ka pahuhopu nui ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a pale iā ia mai ka hoʻi hou ʻana. No nā wahine me ka maʻi ʻaʻai pae IV, ʻo ka pahuhopu ka hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hōʻailona a kōkua iā lākou e ola lōʻihi. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma pae.

• ʻO ke kahua 0 a me ka carcinoma ductal: ʻo ka Lumpectomy me ka radiation a i ʻole ka mastectomy ka lapaʻau maʻamau.
• ʻOihana I a me II: ʻO ka Lumpectomy me ka radiation a i ʻole ka mastectomy me ka hemo ʻana o ka lymph node ʻo ia ka lāʻau maʻamau. ʻO Chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, a me nā lāʻau hoʻomōhala ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ke kaha ʻana.
• Kahua III: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hana i ke kahakaha, a ukali ʻia paha e ka chemotherapy, ka hormone therapy, a me nā lāʻau hoʻomāka e kuhikuhi ʻia.
• ʻOihana IV: Hoʻopili paha ka lāʻau i ke kīkō, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, nā mea i hoʻomōhala ʻia, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau ʻano hana.

Ma hope o ka lapaʻau ʻana, hoʻomau kekahi mau wahine i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau no kekahi manawa. Ke hoʻomau nei nā wahine āpau i nā hoʻokolohua koko, nā mammograms, a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka mālama ʻana e nānā no ka hoʻi ʻana mai o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ke hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi maʻi maʻi umauma.

Hiki paha i nā wahine i loaʻa i ka mastectomy ke hana hou i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka umauma. E hana ʻia kēia i ka manawa o mastectomy a i ʻole ma hope.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomāmā i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ma ke komo ʻana i kahi hui kākoʻo maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ke kaʻana ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻike a me nā pilikia maʻamau e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻole.

ʻO nā lapaʻau hou e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kōkua nei i ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma e ola lōʻihi. ʻOiai me ka mālama ʻana, hiki i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma ke laha i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. I kekahi manawa, hoʻi ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o ka tumo holoʻokoʻa a ʻike ʻia nā lymph node kokoke i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻole.

ʻO kekahi mau wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma hoʻomōhala i kahi maʻi ʻaʻai hou ʻaʻole pili i ka tumo kumu.

Maikaʻi kāu hana ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ma muli o nā mea he nui. ʻO ka holomua o kou maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻo ka ʻilihuna ka hopena. Nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ka makaʻu no ka hoʻi hou ʻana a me ka likelihood o ke kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻana me:

• Kahi o ka tumo a pehea ka laha
• ʻO ka tumo he ʻelima receptor-positive a -negative paha
• Kaha Tumor
• ʻLelo Gene
• Ka nui o ka tumor a me kona ʻano
• Ka helu o ka mahele o ke kelepona a pehea ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka tumelo

Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea āpau i luna, hiki i kāu mea hāʻawi ke kūkākūkā i kāu makaʻu ʻana i ka loaʻa hou ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hopena a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia mai ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Pākuʻi ʻia paha kēia i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana o ka umauma a me nā wahi e pili ana. E noi i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i nā hopena ʻē aʻe e hiki ke mālama ʻia.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā:

• He puʻupuʻu kou a i ʻole ka armpit
• Loaʻa ʻoe i ka hoʻokuʻu nipple

Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma, e kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā hoʻomōhala ʻoe i nā ʻōuli e like me:

• Hoʻokuʻu nipple
• Rash ma ka umauma
• Nā puʻupuʻu hou i ka umauma
• ʻO ka pehu ma ka wahi
• ʻEha, keu hoʻi ka ʻeha o ka umauma, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, a me ka ʻeha iwi

E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ka manawa pinepine e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe kahi mammogram a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e nānā ai no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Loaʻa i nā kanulau umauma mua e ka mammogram kahi manawa kūpono e hōʻola ai.

Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Tamoxifen no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma i nā makahiki 35 a ʻoi paha o nā makahiki i kūpilikiʻi nui. Kūkākūkā i kēia me kāu mea hāʻawi.

Hiki i nā wahine i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ke noʻonoʻo i ka mastectomy preventive (prophylactic). ʻO kēia kahi ʻoki e wehe i nā umauma ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka umauma. ʻO nā moho i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• Ua wehe ʻia nā wahine i hoʻokahi umauma ma muli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• ʻO nā wahine me ka moʻolelo ʻohana ikaika o ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma
• ʻO nā wahine me nā gen a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi genetic e hāpai i ko lākou makaʻu no ka maʻi kanesa o ka umauma (e like me BRCA1 a i ʻole BRCA2)

ʻAʻole hiki ke kāohi ʻia nā kumu pilikia he nui, e like me kāu genes a me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana.Akā ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā loli nohona olakino e hōʻemi ai i kou manawa āpau o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia:

• ʻAi i nā meaʻai olakino
• Mālama i kahi kaupaona olakino
• Ka palena ʻana i ka inu waiʻona i 1 inu i kēlā me kēia lā

Kanesa - umauma; Carcinoma - ductal; Carcinoma - lobular; DCIS; LCIS; Kanesa umauma HER2-maikaʻi; Maʻi ʻaʻai umauma ER-maikaʻi; Carcomaoma ductal ma kahi; Carcinoma Lobular ma kahi

• Pākuʻi ka lālā o waho - hoʻokuʻu
• Chemotherapy - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
• Lymphedema - mālama pono iā ʻoe iho
• Mastectomy a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka umauma - he aha e nīnau ai i kāu kauka
• Mastectomy - hoʻokuʻu
• ʻO ka radiation radiation - nā nīnau e nīnau ai i kāu kauka

• Uma wahine
• Needle biopsy o ka umauma
• Wehe i ka umauma
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho
• Lumpectomy
• Wehe i ka puʻupuʻu umauma - series
• Mastectomy - moʻo
• ʻO biopsy kelena Sentinel

Makhoul I. Nā Kauka Lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. I: Bland KI, Copeland EM, Klimberg VS, Gradishar WJ, eds. ʻO ka umauma: Hoʻoponopono piha o nā maʻi Benign a me nā maʻi malignant. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 24.

Pūnaewele ʻo National Cancer Institute. Ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma (makua) (PDQ) - mana ʻoihana olakino. www.kanes.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-treatment-pdq. Hoʻohou i Pepeluali 12, 2020. Loaʻa iā Pepeluali 25, 2020.

Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Manuahi Manuahi. Nā papa hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa NCCN i ka oncology (nā alakaʻi NCCN): ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma. Mana 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf. Hoʻohou i Pepeluali 5, 2020. Loaʻa iā Pepeluali 25, 2020.

Siu AL; ʻO ka Hana Hana Hana Hana Preventive US. Ke nānā ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai umauma: ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka US Preventive Services Task Force. ʻO Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. PMID: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

ʻO ka Pūʻali Hana Hana Preventive US, Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. ʻO ka loiloi weliweli, ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻana kūpuna, a me ka hoʻāʻo genetic no ka maʻi ʻaʻa e pili ana i ka BRCA: US Preventive Services Task Force Recreation Statement [paʻi ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ma JAMA. 2019; 322 (18): 1830]. JAMA. 2019; 322 (7): 652-665. PMID: 31429903 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31429903/.