Maʻi ʻaʻai cerviery

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervier ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka i ka cervix. ʻO ka cervix ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka kōpū (ʻōpū) e wehe ana ma ka piko o ka lua.

Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervi ʻo ke kolu ia o nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai nui loa i nā wahine. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma muli o ka hoʻohana maʻamau o Pap smear.

Hoʻomaka ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix i loko o nā hunaola ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka cervix. Aia he mau ʻano ʻelua o nā hunaola ma luna o ka cervix, squamous a me kolamu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ʻōpū o ka cerviera mai nā hunaola squamous.

Hoʻonui mālie ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻa cervix. Hoʻomaka ia ma ke ʻano he precancerous i kapa ʻia ʻo dysplasia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e ka Pap smear a aneane 100% hiki ke mālama ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mau makahiki no ka dysplasia e ulu ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahine i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū i kēia lā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Pap smear maʻamau, a i ʻole nānā paha i nā hopena Pap smear maʻamau.

ʻAneʻane pili ʻia nā maʻi ʻōiwi āpau e ka papillomavirus kanaka (HPV). ʻO ka HPV kahi maʻi maʻamau i hoʻolaha ʻia ma o ka pili ʻana o ka ʻili i ka ʻili a me ka moekolohe pū kekahi. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano (nā kānana) o HPV. ʻO kekahi mau maʻi e alakaʻi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi. Hiki i nā kānana ʻē aʻe ke hana i nā warts genital. ʻAʻole pilikia kekahi i kekahi.

Hiki i nā moekolohe wahine a me nā hiʻohiʻona ke hoʻonui i kona makaʻu i ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix. ʻO nā hana moekolohe weliweli pū kekahi:

• Loaʻa ka moekolohe i ka wā ʻōpio
• Loaʻa i nā hoa kolohe he nui
• Loaʻa i kahi hoa a mau hoa paha e komo i nā hana moekolohe kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical pū kekahi:

• ʻAʻole loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau HPV
• Ke hoʻonele waiwai ʻia nei
• Loaʻa i kahi makuahine nāna i lawe i ka lāʻau diethylstilbestrol (DES) i ka wā hāpai i nā makahiki 1960 e pale i ka hānau ʻole ʻana.
• Loaʻa i kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali

ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōiwi. Nā ʻōuli e kū aʻe paha:

• ʻO ke kahe o ke kahe maʻamau ma waena o nā manawa, ma hope o ka moekolohe, a ma hope o ka menopause
• Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Vaginal i kū ʻole, a pale paha, wai, ʻākala, ʻala, koko, a pilau hoʻi.
• Nā wā i lilo i kaumaha a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka maʻamau

Hiki ke pālahalaha ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻa cerviera i ka ʻōpū, nā lymph node, ka hakahaka, nā ʻōpū, nā mumū, nā iwi, a me ke ake. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻohe pilikia a hiki i ka holomua ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻolaha. Hiki i nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai maha o ke kīpē ke komo pū me:

• ʻEha kua
• ʻEha iwi a haki paha
• Ka luhi
• Ke kulu ʻana i ka mimi a i ʻole nā ​​feces mai ka ʻōpala
• ʻEha wāwae
• Loaʻa ka ʻai ʻole
• ʻEha pelvis
• Ka wāwae wāwae pehu
• Kaumaha emi

ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike maka ʻia nā hoʻololi precancerous o ka cervix a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. Pono nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā a me nā pono hana e ʻike i nā ʻano like.

• ʻO nā pale Pap smear no nā precancers a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai, akā ʻaʻole hana i kahi hōʻailona hope loa.
• Kaukaʻi ʻia i kou mau makahiki, hiki ke hana ʻia ka DNA papillomavirus (HPV) DNA hōʻike me kahi hōʻike Pap. A i ʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahine i kahi hopena hōʻike Pap. Hoʻohana ʻia nō ia ma ke ʻano he hoʻāʻo mua. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka olakino e pili ana i kahi hōʻoia a hōʻoia paha e kūpono iā ʻoe.
• Inā loaʻa nā loli maʻamau, nānā pinepine ʻia ka cervix ma lalo o ka hoʻonui ʻana. Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he colposcopy. E lawe ʻia paha nā ʻāpana o nā kikoʻī (biopsied) i kēia kaʻina hana. Hoʻouna ʻia kēia kiko i kahi lab no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana.
• ʻO ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia he biopsy kone. ʻO ke kaʻina hana kēia e hemo ai i kahi ʻeke cone-like mai mua o ka cervix.

Inā kuhi ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix, e kauoha ka mea hāʻawi i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku. Kōkua kēia mau mea i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kāhea ʻia kēia. E komo pū paha nā hoʻāʻo:

• Pākuʻi x-ray
• CT scan o ka pelvis
• Cystoscopy
• ʻO ka pyelogram Intravenous (IVP)
• MRI o ka pelvis
• Scanner PET

Mālama ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical ma luna o:

• Ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka tumo
• ʻO ka makahiki o ka wahine a me ke olakino laulā
• Kona makemake e loaʻa nā keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana

Hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ma o ka hemo ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea o ka precancerous a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui o ka hana maʻamau Pap smear i mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervier, a i ʻole hopu iā ia i ka wā mua. Aia kekahi ala ʻoki e hana ai i kēia me ka ʻole o ka hemo ʻana o ka uterus a i ʻole ke hōʻino ʻana i ka pūpū, i hiki ai i ka wahine ke loaʻa nā keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Nā ʻano o ke ʻoki ʻana no ka precancer cervix, a i kekahi manawa, ua loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī nui liʻiliʻi.

• Loop electrosurgical excision kaʻina hana (LEEP) - hoʻohana uila e hoʻoneʻe i nā meaʻaʻaʻa.
• Cryotherapy - paʻa i nā hunaola ʻokoʻa.
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa laser - hoʻohana i ka mālamalama e puhi i nā mea kīnā ʻole.
• Koi ʻia paha ka Hysterectomy no nā wahine me ka precancer i hana i nā ʻano LEEP he nui.
  

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical ʻoi aku ka nui e komo pū paha:

• Radical hysterectomy, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka uterus a me ka hapa nui o nā aʻa e puni ana, e like me nā lymph node a me ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka ʻōpala. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia i nā wahine ʻōpio, olakino me nā tumors liʻiliʻi.
• Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka radiation radiation, me ka chemotherapy o ka lāʻau haahaa, no nā wahine me nā tumors nui loa no ka hysterectomy radical a i ʻole nā ​​wahine ʻaʻole moho maikaʻi no ke ʻoki.
  
• ʻO ka pelvic exenteration, kahi ʻano ʻoki loa kahi e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai nā mea āpau o ke pelvis, me ka pūpū a me ka pololei.

Hiki paha ke hoʻohana i ka uila no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻi mai.

Hoʻohana ʻo Chemotherapy i nā lāʻau e make ai ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Hāʻawi ʻia wale ʻia a i ʻole me ke ʻoki ʻana a i ʻole ka pāhawewe ʻana.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomāmā i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ma ke komo ʻana i kahi hui kākoʻo maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ke kaʻana ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻike a me nā pilikia maʻamau e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻole.

Aia ke ʻano o ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ke kanaka i nā mea he nui, e like me:

• Ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix
• Ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (pehea ka laha ʻana)
• Ka makahiki a me ke olakino laulā
• Inā hoʻi ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma hope o ka lapaʻau

Hiki ke hoʻōla loa ʻia nā kūlana precancerous ke ukali ʻia a mālama pono ʻia. Ke ola nei ka hapa nui o nā wahine i 5 mau makahiki (5 mau makahiki o ke ola) no ka maʻi ʻaʻai i pāhola aʻe i loko o nā paia o ka cervix akā ʻaʻole ma waho o ka ʻaoʻao cervix. Hāʻule ka helu ola 5 mau makahiki i ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma waho o nā paia o ka cervix i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i nā pilikia ke hoʻopili:

• Ke hoʻi nei ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā wahine i loaʻa ka mālama e mālama i ka kōpū
• Nā pilikia me ka moekolohe, ka ʻōpū, a me ka hana o ka puhū ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana a i ʻole ka pāhawewe ʻana

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻoe:

• ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā Pap smear maʻamau
• Loaʻa i ka hoʻokahe kino a hoʻokuʻu paha

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical e ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea:

• E kiʻi i ka lāʻau vaccine HPV. Pale ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hapa nui o nā ʻano maʻi HPV e kumu ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai servic. Hiki i kāu mea lawelawe ke haʻi iā ʻoe inā kūpono ka lāʻau iā ʻoe.
• E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wahine palekana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka condoms i ka wā o ka moekolohe e hoʻemi ana i ka makaʻala no HPV a me nā maʻi ʻino e lawe ʻia i ka moekolohe (STI).
• Palena i ka helu o nā hoa moekolohe āu i loaʻa ai. Hōʻalo i nā hoa i ʻeleu i ka moekolohe kolohe kiʻekiʻe.
• E kiʻi iā Pap smear i nā manawa pinepine e like me ka mea a kāu mea hāʻawi. Hiki i nā pap smear ke kōkua e ʻike i nā loli mua, i hiki ke mālama ʻia ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervier.
• E kiʻi i ka hōʻike HPV inā koi ʻia e kāu mea hāʻawi. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo Pap e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervix i nā wahine 30 a ʻoi paha makahiki.
• Inā puhi ʻoe, haʻalele. Hoʻonui ka puhihihi ʻana i kou manawa e loaʻa ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai maʻi maʻi.

Kanesa - cervix; Ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical - HPV; Ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical - dysplasia

• Hysterectomy - ʻōpū - hoʻokuʻu
• Hysterectomy - laparoscopic - hoʻokuʻu
• Hysterectomy - heʻe - hoʻokuʻu
• Pāhawewe pelvic - hoʻokuʻu

• Maʻi ʻaʻai cerviery
• Neoplasia cervix
• Pāpaʻi pap
• ʻO Biopsy Cervical
• Biopsy anu anu
• Maʻi ʻaʻai cerviery
• Pap smear a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻiwi

Ke KulanuiʻAmelika o nā Obstetricians a me nā Gynecologists, Kōmike no ka mālama olakino 'ōpio, Pūʻulu Hana Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Immunization. Manaʻo Kōmike Helu 704, Iune 2017. www.acog.org/Resource-And-Publications/Comm Committee-Opinions/Commite-on-Adolescent-Health-Care/Human-Papillomavirus-Vaccination. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 23, 2020.

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Papillomavirus kanaka (HPV). Nā pepa hōʻike a me nā alakaʻi. www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/schedules-recommendations.html. Hoʻohou i ʻAukake 15, 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 23, 2020.

Hacker NF. ʻO Cerplus dysplasia a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai. I: Hacker NF, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. ʻO Hacker a me Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics a me Gynecology. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 38.

MP Salcedo, Baker ES, Schmeler KM. ʻO nā neoplasia Intraepithelial o nā ʻōnaehana liʻiliʻi o lalo (cervix, vagina, vulva): etiology, kānana, ʻike, hoʻokele I: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. Gynecology Comprehensive. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 28.

Pūnaewele Hana Hana Hana Preventive US. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical: kānana. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻAukake 21, 2018. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 23, 2020.