Melanoma

ʻO Melanoma ke ʻano weliweli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ia ka mea kakaikahi loa hoʻi. ʻO ia ke kumu nui o ka make mai ka maʻi ʻili.

ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili ka carcinoma squamous cell a me ka carcinoma basal cell.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Melanoma e nā loli (mutations) i nā hunaola ʻili i kapa ʻia he melanocytes. Hana kēia mau hunaola i kahi waihoʻoluʻu waihoʻoluʻu ʻili i kapa ʻia melanin. Na Melanin ke kuleana no ka ʻili a me ka lauoho.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Melanoma ma ka ʻili maʻamau. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻomohala mai nā mole. ʻO nā mole e noho nei i ka wā hānau hiki ke ulu a lilo i mau melanoma. ʻO nā mole nui loa e kū nei ma ka wā hānau hiki i ka makaʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala melanoma.

ʻEhā ʻano nui o melanoma:

• Melanoma pālahalaha nui loa ʻo ia ka ʻano maʻamau. Pālahalaha a kūpono ʻole i ke ʻano a me ke kala, me nā ʻokoʻa ʻeleʻele a me nā mea ʻalani. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i ka poʻe ʻili maikaʻi.
• Melanoma nodular Hoʻomaka maʻamau ma ke ʻano he wahi i ʻeleʻele i ka uliuli a i ʻole ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻohe o kekahi kala (amelanotic melanoma).
• Lentigo maligna melanoma hana maʻamau i ka poʻe kahiko. ʻO ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻili i hōʻino ʻia e ka lā ma ka maka, ka ʻāʻī, a me nā lima. ʻO nā ʻili ʻili maʻamau ka nui, pālahalaha, a me ka tan me nā wahi o ka brown.
• Acral lentiginous melanoma ʻo ia ka palapala maʻamau liʻiliʻi loa. Hana ʻia ia ma nā pāma, nā wāwae, a ma lalo o nā kui.

Hoʻonui ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala melanoma me ka makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻonui nei ka nui o ka poʻe ʻōpio iā ia.

E hoʻomohala paha ʻoe i ka melanoma inā ʻoe:

• He ʻili maikaʻi kou, he uliuli a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha nā maka, a ʻulaʻula a lauoho lauoho paha
• Noho i nā aniani lā a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
• Hoʻolilo i ka manawa he nui i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka lā ikaika ma muli o kahi hana a i ʻole nā ​​hana ʻē aʻe
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau lā wela ʻā i ka wā kamaliʻi
• E hoʻohana i nā pono hana tanning, e like me nā moena ʻili

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e pili pū me:

• Loaʻa i nā pili pili me ka melanoma
• Kekahi mau ʻāpana mole (atypical a i ʻole dysplastic) a i ʻole nā ​​hānau hānau he nui
• Hoʻonawaliwali ʻia ka pale ʻōnaehana ma muli o ka maʻi a me nā lāʻau

ʻO kahi mole, ʻeha, puʻupuʻu, a ulu paha i ka ʻili hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o melanoma a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻaʻai ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi ʻeha a ulu paha e kahe ana, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala hiki ke hōʻailona i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili.

ʻO ka ABCDE hiki i ke ʻōnaehana ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i nā hōʻailona kūpono o melanoma:

• Asymmetry: ʻOkoʻa kahi hapalua o ka wahi ʻokoʻa mai ka hapalua ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO Bkauoha: kūlike ʻole nā ​​kihi o ka ulu ʻana.
• Color: Hoʻololi ke kala mai kahi a i kahi ʻē aʻe, me nā aka o ka ʻili, ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele, a i kekahi manawa keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, a polū paha. Hiki ke hui ʻia nā kala i loko o hoʻokahi ʻeha.
• Diameter: ʻO ke kiko maʻamau (akā ʻaʻole mau) ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 5 mm ke anawaena - e pili ana i ka nui o ka peni peni peni.
• ʻEvolution: Ke hoʻomau nei ka mole e hoʻololi i ka helehelena.

ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e nānā ai i ka melanoma kūpono ʻo ia ka "hōʻailona duckling ʻino." ʻO kēia ʻaʻole like ke melanoma me kekahi o nā kiko ʻē aʻe i ke kino. Kū i waho e like me ka duckling ʻino i ka moʻolelo o nā keiki.

E nānā kāu kauka olakino i kou ʻili a nānā i ka nui, ke ʻano, ke kala, a me nā ʻano o nā wahi kānalua me kahi dermatoscope.

Inā manaʻo kāu mea lawelawe he maʻi ʻaʻai paha kāu, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili mai ka ulu ʻana. Kāhea ʻia kēia he biopsy ʻili. Hoʻouna ʻia kahi laʻana i kahi lab no ka ninaninau ʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope.

Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi biopsy lymph node sentinel (SLN) i kekahi poʻe me ka melanoma e ʻike ai inā ua laha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node kokoke.

I ka manawa e loiloi ʻia ai ka melanoma, hiki i ka CT scan a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano x-ray ke hana e ʻike inā ua laha ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻAneʻane pono ke keʻoki e mālama mau i ka melanoma. E hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili a me kekahi mau wahi e pili ana. Ehia mauʻili e hoʻoneʻe ʻia e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka melanoma.

Inā ua pālahalaha ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā lymph node kokoke, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia mau lymph. Ma hope o ke kaha ʻana, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka maʻi, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka immunotherapy.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana inā hoʻolaha ʻia ka melanoma i nā meaola ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ka mālama ʻana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa:

• Chemotherapy: Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau e hoʻomake pololei i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Immunotherapy: Hoʻopili kēia i nā lāʻau e like me interferon e kōkua i kāu ʻōnaehana pale pale kaua i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki i kāu ʻōnaehana pale ke ʻike i nā hunaola maʻi ʻino a pepehi iā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia lākou me chemotherapy a me ke ʻoki kino.
• Nā mālama uila: hoʻohana ʻia paha kēia mau mea e pepehi i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai.
• ʻOki kino: E hana ʻia paha ke keʻoki ʻana e wehe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻolaha ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hana ʻia kēia e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha a i ʻole hōʻoluʻolu e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau kumuhana: Hoʻonui ia i ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā wahi kūloko.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi melanoma paʻakikī e mālama ai, noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe e kākau inoa ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. E noi i kāu kauka no ka ʻike hou aku. Hoʻomau ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻopaʻa i nā lāʻau hou.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomāmā i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ma ke komo ʻana i kahi hui kākoʻo maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ke kaʻana ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻike a me nā pilikia maʻamau e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻole.

Hiki i nā kumuwaiwai aʻe ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka melanoma.

• Ke Keʻena ʻInikena Mīkini - www.cancer.gov/about-nci
• ʻAhahui Kanaka ʻAmelika - www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer
• ʻO ka American Melanoma Foundation - melanomafoundation.org/

Maikaʻi kāu hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mea he nui, e like me ka ʻike koke ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, a pehea ka laha ʻana.

I kona wā mua, hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka hapa nui o nā melanomas.

Melanoma hohonu loa a pāhola paha i nā lymph node e hoʻi hou paha ma hope o ka lapaʻau. Inā hohonu ia ma mua o 4 mm a i pālahalaha ʻia i nā lymph node, ʻoi aku ka palahalaha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā mea ʻē aʻe a me nā meaola.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka melanoma a ola hou, he mea nui e nānā pinepine i kou kino no nā loli maʻamau. Hoʻonui ka nui o kāu makaʻu o melanoma ke loaʻa ʻoe i kēia maʻi ʻaʻai. Hiki i Melanoma ke hoʻi i mau makahiki ma hope.

Hiki i ka Melanoma ke pāhola i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Hiki i ka mālama Melanoma ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, e like me ka ʻeha, kahoʻi, a me ka luhi.

Kāhea i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi ulu hou a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻē aʻe i kou ʻili. E kamaʻilio pū me kāu mea hāʻawi inā he wahi e kū nei:

• Nā loli i ke kinona, ka nui a me ke kala
• E lilo i mea ʻeha, pehu, a i ʻole hoʻā ʻia
• Hoʻomaka i ke kahe a i ʻole ʻāno

E ʻike paha kekahi poʻe i ke kauka ʻili no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻili mau. Hoʻopili kēia i nā poʻe me:

• He moʻolelo ʻohana o melanoma
• ʻIli ʻinoʻino nui ʻia e ka lā
• Nui nā mole ma ko lākou ʻili

Hiki i ke kauka ʻili ke nānā iā ʻoe a haʻi iā ʻoe inā ʻoe e pono i nā loiloi ʻili mau. I kekahi manawa, hemo nā mole ʻokoʻa e pale iā lākou mai ka lilo ʻana i melanoma.

Pono ʻoe e nānā i kou ʻili iho i hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina. E hoʻohana i ke aniani e nānā ai i nā wahi paʻakikī e ʻike ai. E hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana ABCDE a me ka hōʻailona "duckling ʻino" i ka nānā ʻana i kou ʻili.

ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili e hōʻemi i kou hōʻike ʻana i ka lā. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ke kukui Ultraviolet ma waena o 10 a 4 mau hola. E hoʻāʻo e pale i ka puka ʻana o ka lā i kēia mau hola. Palekana i kou ʻili ma ka ʻaʻapo ʻana i ka pāpale, ka pālule loloa, ka lōʻihi lōʻihi, a i ʻole ka palule ke pono ʻoe ma waho. Hiki i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo aʻe ke kōkua:

• E noi i ka pale aniani kiʻekiʻe me kahi helu pale pale lā (SPF) o 30 a ʻoi paha, ʻoiai ʻoe e hele wale ana i waho no kahi manawa pōkole.
• E noi i kahi nui o ka pale o ka lā ma nā wahi āpau i ʻike ʻia, me nā pepeiao a me nā wāwae.
• E nānā i nā pale pale sun e pale i nā kukui UVA a me UVB ʻelua. E loaʻa i kēia mau mea ka lepili "laulā ākea."
• E hoʻohana i ka haʻilula wai inā kū i ka wai.
• E noi i ka sunscreen ma kahi o 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka hele ʻana i waho. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine iā ia, keu hoʻi ma hope o kaʻauʻau ʻana.
• E hoʻohana i ka sunscreen i ka hoʻoilo. Palekana iā ʻoe iho a i nā lā ʻōpua.

Nā ʻike nui ʻē aʻe e kōkua ai iā ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka lā nui:

• Hōʻalo i nā wahi e hōʻike hou aku ai i nā kukui, e like me ka wai, ke one, ka pōhaku, a me nā wahi pena keʻokeʻo.
• E akahele pono i nā kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe, kahi e wikiwiki ai ka wela o ka ʻili.
• Hōʻalo i nā kukui lā, nā moena hoʻomeamea, a me nā hale ʻiliʻili.

ʻOiai hiki i ka melanoma ke ulu i kekahi mau mole, manaʻo nā kauka ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi e hemo ai i nā mole e pale ai i ka melanoma.

Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili - melanoma; Melanoma malignant; Lentigo maligna melanoma; Melanoma ma situ; Melanoma hoʻolaha hoʻolaha superficial; Melanoma Nodular; Acral lentiginous melanoma

• Melanoma o ke ake - MRI scan
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili - melanoma malignant
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili - melanoma nunui-kala ʻia
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili, melanoma - lesion pālahalaha, ʻeleʻele
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili, melanoma ma ka manamana lima
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili, kokoke loa o ka lentigo maligna melanoma
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili - melanoma superficial spread
• Melanoma
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka ʻili, melanoma - hāpai ʻia, ʻeleʻele liona
• Melanoma malignant

Garbe C, Bauer J. Melanoma. I: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Dermatology. ʻEhā ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 113.

Pūnaewele ʻo National Cancer Institute. Melanoma lapaʻau (PDQ) mana olakino mana. www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/melanoma-treatment-pdq. Hoʻohou Nowemapa 8, 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 29, 2020.

Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Manuahi Manuahi. Nā kulekele hana lapaʻau NCCN i ka oncology: melanoma. Mana 2. 2. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/melanoma.pdf. Hoʻohou i Kēkēmapa 19, 2019. Loaʻa iā Ianuali 29, 2020.