Nā maʻi Immunodeficiency

Kū nā maʻi Immunodeficiency ke hoʻemi a hele ʻole paha ka pane pale ʻana o ke kino.

Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale o nāʻiʻo lymphoid i loko o ke kino, e pili pū ana me:

• ʻŌiwi iwi
• Lymph aka wahi
• ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka spleen a me ka gastrointestinal tract
• ʻO kāu
• Tonsil

ʻO nā protein a me nā hunaola i loko o ke koko kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Kōkua ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai nā mea hōʻino i kapa ʻia he antigens. ʻO nā laʻana o nā antigens e komo pū me nā bacteria, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, nā toxins, nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai, a me nā koko ʻē a me nā aʻa mai kahi kanaka a ʻano ʻē aʻe paha.

Ke kuhi ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻea i kahi antigen, pane ia e ka hana ʻana i nā protein i kapa ʻia he antibodies e hoʻopau i nā mea ʻino. Hoʻopili pū ka pane ʻōnaehana pale i ke kaʻina i kapa ʻia ʻo phagositosis. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, moni kekahi mau hunaola keokeo a hoʻopau i ka bacteria a me nā mea ʻē ʻē aʻe. Kāhea ʻia nā protein i kōkua kōkua i kēia hana.

Hiki i nā maʻi Immunodeficiency ke hoʻopili i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ka pinepine, kū kēia mau ʻano ke hana ʻole nā ​​keena koko keʻokeʻo kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo T a i ʻole nā ​​lymphocytes T (a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻelua) a i ʻole ʻaʻole e hoʻopuka kou kino i nā mea ʻawaʻawa.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi i hoʻoili ʻia e hoʻopili i nā hunaola B me:

• ʻO Hypogammaglobulinemia, ka mea maʻamau e alakaʻi i nā maʻi hanu a me nā gastrointestinal
• ʻO Agammaglobulinemia, ka hopena i nā maʻi ʻino i ka wā mua o ke ola, a he mea make pinepine ia

ʻO nā maʻi immunodeficiency i hoʻoili ʻia e pili ana i nā hunaola T ke kumu o nā maʻi Candida (hū) i hana hou ʻia. Hoʻopili ka hoʻoilina i hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻula T a me nā hunaola B. He mea make paha ia i loko o ka makahiki mua o ke ola inā ʻaʻole mālama mua ʻia.

ʻ saidlelo ʻia nā kānaka e pale ʻia i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi maʻi pale ʻole ma muli o nā lāʻau e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale (e like me nā corticosteroids). ʻO ka Immunosuppression kahi hopena maʻamau o ka chemotherapy i hāʻawi ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

Loaʻa i kahi immunodeficiency i loaʻa i kahi maʻi o nā maʻi e like me HIV / AIDS a me ke olakino maikaʻi (ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻai ke kanaka i ka protein). Hiki i nā maʻi ʻino ke hana i ka pale maʻi.

Loaʻa nā kānaka i hemo i ko lākou maʻi ākea i kahi immunodeficiency i loaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻana e kekahi mau koʻohune a ka ʻupuna e kōkua maʻamau ai e hakakā. ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes kekahi i ʻoi aku ka makaʻu no kekahi maʻi.

Ke hele a makua ʻoe, lilo ka ʻōnaehana pale i mea ʻole. Hōʻemi nā pūnaewele ʻōnaehana ʻōlohelohe (ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea lymphoid e like me ka timo), a hāʻule ka helu a me ka hana o nā hunaola keokeo.

ʻO nā kūlana a me nā maʻi e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i kahi maʻi pale maʻi:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Nā hemahema hoʻopiha
• ʻO DiGeorge Syndrome
• Hypogammaglobulinemia
• ʻOihana maʻi
• Nā kīnā pili leukocyte
• Agammaglobulinemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich maʻi

E manaʻo paha kāu mea mālama ola he maʻi maʻi ʻole kāu inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• ʻO nā maʻi e hoʻi hou ana a i ʻole hele aku
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻino loa mai nā bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​g germ i hana pinepine ʻole i ka maʻi maʻi nui

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe:

• ʻO ka pane maikaʻi ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi
• Ua hoʻopaneʻe a hoʻopau ʻole paha i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana mai nā maʻi
• Kekahi ʻano o nā maʻi ʻaʻai (e like me Kaposi sarcoma a i ʻole non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Kekahi mau maʻiʻaʻai (e like me kekahi ʻano o ka pneumonia a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi hū pinepine)

Pili nā ʻōuli i ka maʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka poʻe me nā pae hoʻēmi o IgA i hui pū ʻia me nā pae haʻahaʻa o kekahi mau papaha IgG e loaʻa paha nā pilikia e pili ana i nā mumū, nā lawehala, nā pepeiao, ka ʻāʻī, a me nā wahi digestive.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e kōkua i ke kuhi ʻana i kahi maʻi pale maʻi:

• Hoʻopiha i nā pae i ke koko, a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻike ʻē aʻe e ana i nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale
• Hōʻike HIV
• Nā pae Immunoglobulin i ke koko
• Protein electrophoresis (koko a mimi)
• Helu huahelu lymphocyte T (thymus i loaʻa)
• Helu keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e pale i nā maʻi a mālama i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi e ulu ana.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, pono ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka pilina me nā poʻe i loaʻa i nā maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi lele. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hōʻalo i ka poʻe i lāʻau āpau me nā lāʻau hoʻomaʻi ola i loko o 2 mau pule i hala.

Inā hoʻomohala ʻoe i kahi maʻi, e mālama hōʻeha kāu mea iā ʻoe. Pili paha kēia i ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi o antibiotic a i ʻole lāʻau antifungal e pale aku ai i nā maʻi i hoʻi ʻole mai.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Interferon e mālama i nā maʻi viral a me kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. He lāʻau ia e holo pono ai ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Hiki i nā poʻe me ka maʻi HIV / AIDS ke lawe i nā hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i loko o kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou pale.

ʻO nā kānaka e loaʻa ana kahi hoʻolālā lōkō e hoʻolālā ʻia e pono e hoʻōla ʻia i 2 mau pule ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā bacteria e like me ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Streptococcus a Haemophilus influenzae. ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻole a ʻike ʻole i ka palekana e pono hoʻi e loaʻa ka MMR, a me nā lāʻau pox moa. Hoʻohui ʻia, paipai ʻia i nā poʻe e kiʻi i ka moʻo hoʻōla DTaP a i ʻole ka pana booster e pono ai.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoneʻe iwi no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi ʻano immunodeficiency.

ʻO ka pale passive (ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻāpala i hana ʻia e kekahi kanaka a holoholona paha) i kekahi manawa e koi ʻia e pale aku i ka maʻi ma hope o kou hōʻike ʻia ʻana i kekahi bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​virus.

Hiki ke kōkua ʻia ka poʻe me nā pae haahaa a i ʻole absent o kekahi mau immunoglobulins me ka immunoglobulin intravenous (IVIG), i hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka aa.

Akahai kekahi mau maʻi maʻi pale maʻi a hoʻokumu i nā maʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa. Kūpilikiʻi nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a make paha. Hele pinepine ka Immunosuppression e nā lāʻau i ka wā e pau ai ka lāʻau.

Komo pū kekahi nā pilikia o nā maʻi maʻi ʻole:

• ʻO ka maʻi pinepine a hoʻomau
• Hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o kekahi maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​tumors
• Hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi

Kāhea koke aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻoe ma chemotherapy a i ʻole corticosteroids a hoʻomōhala ʻoe:

• ʻO kahi kuni o 100.5 ° F (38 ° C) a ʻoi aku paha
• He puʻu me ka hanu liʻiliʻi
• ʻEha ʻeha
• Nā hōʻailona hou ʻē aʻe

E hele i ka lumi pilikia a kāhea paha i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (e like me 911) inā he ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa kou a me ka ʻeha poʻo me ka fiva.

Kāhea aku i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ua hana hou ʻoe i nā maʻi hū a i ʻole thrush waha.

ʻAʻohe ala i ʻike ʻia e pale aku ai i nā maʻi pale maʻi hoʻoilina. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka moʻolelo ʻohana o nā maʻi pale maʻi, makemake paha ʻoe e ʻimi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūpuna.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka moekolohe palekana a me ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā wai o ke kino e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi HIV / AIDS. E noi i kāu mea nāna e hāʻawi inā pono kahi lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo Truvada kūpono iā ʻoe e pale aku i ka maʻi HIV.

Hiki i nā meaʻai maikaʻi ke pale i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pale maʻi i loaʻa ʻia e ka malnutrisi.

Immunosuppression; Immunodepressed - immunodeficiency; Immunosuppressed - immunodeficiency; Hypogammaglobulinemia - pale pono ʻole; Agammaglobulinemia - pale maʻi

• Nā Antibodies

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Congenital a loaʻa nā immunodeficiencies. I: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, eds. Pūnaewele Immunology. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 21.

Bonanni P, Grazzini M, Niccolai G, et al. Paipai ʻia nā lāʻau āpau no nā mea maʻi makua asplenic a me hyposplenic. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017; 13 (2): 359-368. PMID: 27929751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

ʻO Cunningham-Rundles C. Nā maʻi pale maʻi ʻole. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 236.