Ka hopu ʻole ʻia

ʻO ka hopu pio ʻole ka huaʻōlelo no kekahi ʻano hopu e pili ana i nā kilokilo kilohi. Kēia ʻano o ka hopu ʻana he pōkole (ma lalo o 15 kekona) ka haunaele o ka hana o ka lolo ma muli o ka hana uila uila ʻole i ka lolo.

Loaʻa nā hopu ʻia mai ka overactivity i ka lolo. Loaʻa pinepine ka hopu ʻole i ka poʻe ma lalo o ka makahiki 20, ma nā keiki he 4 a 12 mau makahiki.

I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia nā hopu ʻana e nā kukui uila a i ʻole ke hanu wikiwiki a me ka hohonu o ke kanaka ma mua o ka maʻamau (hyperventilates).

Kūleʻa paha lākou me nā ʻano o ka hopu ʻana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hopu ʻana i nā tonic-clonic laulā (grand mal seizures), twitches or jerks (myoclonus), a i ʻole ka nalo koke ʻana o ka ikaika o nā mākala (ka hopu atonic).

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hopu ʻana he mau kekona wale nō. Pili pinepine lākou i ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana. Hiki i nā ʻāpana ke:

• Hana ʻia i mau manawa i ka lā
• Hana ʻia i mau pule i mau mahina ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia
• Hoʻopilikia i ke kula a me ke aʻo ʻana
• Kuhihewa ʻoe no ka nānā ʻole, ka hiamoe ʻana a i ʻole ke kolohe ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā pilikia i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma ke kula a me nā pilikia aʻo e lilo paha ia i hōʻailona mua o ka hopu ʻole ʻana.

I ka wā o ka hopu ʻana, hiki i ke kanaka ke:

• Kāohi i ka hele wāwae a hoʻomaka hou i kekona kekona ma hope
• Kāohi i ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka ʻōlelo waena a hoʻomaka hou i kekona kekona ma hope

ʻAʻole hāʻule ke kanaka i ka wā o ka hopu ʻana.

Ma hope pono o ka hopu ʻana, maʻamau ke kanaka:

• Makalahia
• Ke noʻonoʻo pono nei
• ʻAʻole maopopo i ka hopu ʻana

ʻO nā ʻōuli kikoʻī o ke kāʻili ʻole ʻana i ka hopu ʻana e like me:

• Hoʻololi i ka hana i nā mākala, e like me ka neʻe ʻole, ka ʻūlū lima ʻana, nā lihilihi maka, ka lepe o ka lehelehe, ka nau ʻana.
• Hoʻololi i ka makaʻala (noʻonoʻo), e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana, ka ʻike ʻole o nā wahi, kū koke ka neʻe ʻana, ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a me nā hana ala ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻomoe lohi a paʻa kekahi mau hopu ʻole ʻana. Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he hopu ʻole atypical. Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻōuli me ka hopu mau ʻana o ka hemo ʻole, akā ʻike ʻia paha nā loli o ka hana muscle.

E hana ke kauka i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. E hoʻopili kēia i kahi nānā kikoʻī i ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana.

E hana ʻia kahi EEG (electroencephalogram) e nānā i ka hana uila i ka lolo. ʻO ka poʻe me ka hopu ʻana he pinepine nā hana uila i ʻike ʻia ma kēia hōʻike. I kekahi mau hihia, hōʻike ka hōʻike i kahi ma ka lolo kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hopu ʻana. ʻIke paha ka lolo ma hope o ka hopu ʻana a ma waena o ka hopu ʻana.

Kauoha ʻia paha nā hōʻoia koko e nānā no nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāukiuki paha.

Hana ʻia ka scan CT Head a MRI paha e ʻike i ke kumu a me kahi o ka pilikia i ka lolo.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana no ka hopu ʻole ʻia e laʻa me nā lāʻau, nā loli i ka nohona no nā mākua a me nā keiki, e like me ka hana a me ka papaʻai, a i kekahi manawa ke ʻoki. Hiki i kāu kauka ke haʻi hou aku iā ʻoe e pili ana i kēia mau koho.

Ka hopu ʻana - petit mal; Ka hopu ʻana - kaawale; Petit mal ka hopu ʻana; Epilepsy - ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hopu

• Epilepsy i nā mākua - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
• Epilepsy i nā keiki - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka

• Lolo

Abou-Khalil BW, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL. Epilepsy. I: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. ʻO Bradley's Neurology i ka hana lapaʻau. ʻEpekema 7 Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 101.

Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, et al. Hōʻuluʻulu papa kuhikuhi hoʻomaʻamaʻa alakaʻi: Ka pono a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i nā lāʻau antiepileptic hou I: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka epilepsy hoʻomaka hou: Hōʻike o ka Hoʻomohala Alakaʻi, Hoʻolaha, a me ka Subcommite hoʻokō o ka American Academy of Neurology a me ka American Epilepsy Society. Neurology. 2018; 91 (2): 74-81. PMID: 29898971 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29898971/.

Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi. I: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, hua. Nā Pono Nui o Pediatrics. 8th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 181.

Wiebe S. ʻO nā epilepsy. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 375.