Meningitis Gram-maikaʻi

Aia ka meningitis ke hele a pehu a hoʻāhu hoʻi nā membrane e uhi ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo. Kapa ʻia kēia uhi ʻo nā meninges.

ʻO nā koʻohune kekahi ʻano o nā germ i hiki ke kumu i ka meningitis. ʻO ka bacteria bacteria maikaʻi ʻole kekahi ʻano o nā koʻohune e hana like me ke ʻano o ke kino. Kāhea ʻia lākou he gram-maikaʻi ʻole no ka mea huli lākou a poni ke hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka hale hana me kahi poke kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo Gram stain.

Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka meningitis huehue huipū e nā ʻano bacteria Gram-maikaʻi ʻē aʻe e like me meningococcal a H influenzae.

Mālama kēia ʻatikala i ka meningitis Gram-maikaʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria i lalo:

• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Serratia marsescens

ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka meningitis Gram-maikaʻi i nā pēpē ma mua o nā mākua. Akā hiki iā ia ke hana i nā mākua, ʻo ka mea hoʻi me hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau kumu pilikia. ʻO nā kumu pilikia i nā mākua a me nā keiki me:

• Maʻiʻaʻai (oi loa i loko o ka opu a me urinary tract)
• ʻOki kino lolo hou
• ʻAha ʻeha i ke poʻo
• Spinal abnormalities
• Hoʻokomo ʻia ka shunt fluid shunt ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka lolo
• Nā maʻi kīnā ʻole o ka mimi
• Maʻi ʻaʻai Urinary
• ʻŌnaehana pale nawaliwali

Hele koke mai nā ʻōuli, a hui pū paha me:

• Fiva a me nā anuanu
• Hoʻololi ke kūlana noʻonoʻo
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻIke i ka mālamalama (photophobia)
• ʻEha poʻo poʻo
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa (meningismus)
• Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hakuʻala, ʻōpū, a me ka maʻi ʻaʻa puʻupuʻu

Nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hana ʻia me kēia maʻi.

• Hoʻoikaika
• ʻO nā fontanelles ʻōhū i nā pēpē
• Hoemi i ka ʻike
• Hānai hānai a hoʻonāukiuki paha i nā keiki
• Hanu wikiwiki
• Kūleʻa maʻamau, me ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e hoʻohele i hope (opisthotonos)

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. E nānā ka nīele i nā ʻōuli a me ka hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i kekahi e loaʻa nā hōʻailona like, e like me ka ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa a me ke kuni.

Inā manaʻo ka mea hāʻawi he hiki i ka meningitis, hana ʻia paha kahi lumbar puncture (spinal tap) e wehe ai i kahi hāpana o ka wai o ka iwi kai no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana

Nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia:

• Moʻomeheu Koko
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• CT scan o ke poʻo
• Pākuʻi Gram, nā kikoʻī kūikawā ʻē aʻe

E hoʻomaka koke ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic. ʻO Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, a me cefepime nā antibiotic i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no kēia ʻano meningitis. Hāʻawi ʻia nā antibiotic ʻē aʻe, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o nā bacteria.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi shunt spinal, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ia.

Hoʻomaka ka mālama mua ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.

Ola nui nā poʻe he nui. Akā, nui ka poʻe i loaʻa ka lolo paʻa a make paha i kēia ʻano meningitis. ʻO nā keiki ʻōpio a me nā mākua ma luna o 50 mau makahiki ka nui o ka makaʻu no ka make. Maikaʻi kāu hilinaʻi ʻana:

• Kou makahiki
• Pehea e hoʻomaka koke ai ka lapaʻau ʻana
• ʻO kou olakino holoʻokoʻa

Hiki i nā pilikia lōʻihi ke komo pū:

• Poino lolo
• Buildup o ka loli ma waena o ka iwi poʻo a me ka lolo (subdural effusion)
• Kūkulu o ka wai i loko o ka iwi poʻo e alakaʻi ai i ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo (hydrocephalus)
• Lohe hoʻolohe
• Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi

Kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko a i ʻole e hele i kahi keʻena pilikia inā manaʻo ʻoe he meningitis i kahi keiki ʻōpio i loaʻa kēia mau ʻōuli penei:

• Nā pilikia hānai
• Uē kūho kiʻekiʻe
• Huhū
• ʻO ke kuni kuhi ʻole mau

Hiki i ka Meningitis ke lilo koke i maʻi hoʻoweliweli.

ʻO ka mālama koke ʻana i nā maʻi e pili ana e hōʻemi paha i ka paʻakikī a me nā pilikia o ka meningitis.

Meningitis Gram-maikaʻi

• ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana waena a me ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana peripheral
• Helu helu ʻo CSF

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Meningitis koʻohune. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Hoʻohou i ʻAukake 6, 2019. Loaʻa iā Kēkēmapa 1, 2020.

Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 384.

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR .. meningitis koʻikoʻi. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 87.