Meningitis Meningococcal

ʻO ka meningitis kahi maʻi o nā membrane e uhi ana i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo. Kapa ʻia kēia uhi ʻo nā meninges.

ʻO ke koʻohune kekahi ʻano o nā germ i hiki ke hana i ka meningitis. ʻO ke koʻohune meningococcal kekahi ʻano bacteria i loaʻa i ka meningitis.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meningitis meningococcal e ka bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo meningococcus).

ʻO ka meningococcus ke kumu maʻamau o ka meningitis bacteria i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio. He kumu nui ia no ka meningitis bacteria i nā mākua.

Kū pinepine ka maʻi i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka puna. Hoʻokumu paha ia i nā maʻi ahulau kūloko ma nā kula hānai, nā hale moe o ke koleke, a me nā kahua pūʻali koa.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia e pili ana i ka hōʻike ʻana i kekahi me ka meningitisoc meningitis, kōkua kīnā ʻole, ka hoʻohana ʻana o eculizumab, a me ka puhipaka ʻana i ka puhi paka.

Hele koke mai nā ʻōuli, a hui pū paha me:

• Fiva a me nā anuanu
• Hoʻololi ke kūlana noʻonoʻo
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• Poni, ʻehaʻeha e like me nā wahi (purpura)
• Rash, pinpoint ʻulaʻula kiko (petechiae)
• ʻIke i ka mālamalama (photophobia)
• ʻEha poʻo poʻo
• ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa

Nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hana ʻia me kēia maʻi.

• Hoʻoikaika
• ʻO nā fontanelles ʻōhū i nā pēpē
• Hoemi i ka ʻike
• Hānai hānai a hoʻonāukiuki paha i nā keiki
• Hanu wikiwiki
• Kūleʻa maʻamau me ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī e hoʻohele i hope (opisthotonus)

E hana ka mea mālama ola i kahi hoʻokolohua kino. E nānā ka nīele i nā ʻōuli a me ka hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i kekahi e loaʻa nā hōʻailona like, e like me ka ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa a me ke kuni.

Inā manaʻo ka mea hāʻawi he hiki i ka meningitis, hana ʻia paha kahi lumbar puncture (spinal tap) e kiʻi ai i kahi laʻana o ka wai āpau no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

Nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia:

• Moʻomeheu Koko
• Pākuʻi x-ray
• CT scan o ke poʻo
• Heluhelu keokeo keokeo (WBC)
• Pākuʻi Gram, nā kikoʻī kūikawā ʻē aʻe

E hoʻomaka koke ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic.

• ʻO Ceftriaxone kekahi o nā antibiotic i hoʻohana mau ʻia.
• ʻO Penicillin i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe he mea mau ka mana.
• Inā loaʻa kahi allergy i ka penicillin, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo chloramphenicol.

I kekahi manawa, hāʻawi ʻia paha nā corticosteroids.

ʻO ka poʻe e pili kokoke ana me kekahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka meningococcal meningitis e hāʻawi ʻia i nā lāʻau ʻaloʻolika e pale aku ai i ka maʻi.

ʻO nā poʻe e like me:

• Nā lālā o ka hale
• ʻO nā hoa noho i nā lumi moe
• Nā limahana koa e noho ana ma nā wahi kokoke
• ʻO ka poʻe i pili a pili lōʻihi loa me kahi kanaka maʻi

Hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka hopena. Hiki ke make. ʻO nā keiki ʻōpio a me nā mākua ma luna o 50 mau makahiki ka nui o ka make o ka make.

Hiki i nā pilikia lōʻihi ke komo pū:

• Poino lolo
• Lohe hoʻolohe
• Kūkulu o ka wai i loko o ka iwi poʻo e alakaʻi ai i ka pehu ʻana o ka lolo (hydrocephalus)
• Buildup o ka loli ma waena o ka iwi poʻo a me ka lolo (subdural effusion)
• ʻO ka hoʻohaunaele o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai (myocarditis)
• Ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi

Kāhea iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko a i ʻole e hele i kahi keʻena pilikia inā manaʻo ʻoe he meningitis i kahi keiki ʻōpio i loaʻa kēia mau ʻōuli penei:

• Pilikia hānai
• Uē kūho kiʻekiʻe
• Huhū
• ʻO ke kuni kuhi ʻole mau

Hiki i ka Meningitis ke lilo koke i maʻi hoʻoweliweli.

Pono e nānā pono i nā pilina pili loa i ka hale like, ke kula, a i ʻole ke keʻena mālama lā no nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi ke loaʻa ke kanaka mua. Pono nā ʻohana āpau a me nā pili pili o kēia kanaka e hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau antibiotic i ka wā hiki ke pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi. E nīnau i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i kēia i ka wā o ka kipa mua.

E hoʻohana mau i nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi, e like me ka holoi lima ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka diaper a ma hope paha o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua.

Kūpono nā wī no ka meningococcus no ka mālama ʻana i ka pālahalaha. Paipai ʻia lākou i kēia manawa no:

• Nā ʻōpio
• ʻO nā haumāna o ke koleke i ko lākou makahiki mua e noho nei i nā hale moe
• Nā pūʻali koa koa
• Hele huakaʻi i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka honua

ʻOiai kākaʻikahi, hiki i nā poʻe i lāʻau āpau ke hoʻomohala i ka maʻi.

Meningitis Meningococcal; Gram maikaʻi - meningococcus

• Nā liona Meningococcal ma ke kua
• ʻŌnaehana ʻōnaehana waena a me ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana peripheral
• Helu helu ʻo CSF
• ʻO kā Brudzinski hōʻailona o ka meningitis
• ʻO kā Kernig hōʻailona o ka meningitis

Nā kikowaena no ka pūnaewele Disease Control a me Prevent. Meningitis koʻohune. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Hoʻohou i ʻAukake 6, 2019. Loaʻa iā Kēkēmapa 1, 2020.

Pollard AJ, Sadarangani M. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). I: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. ʻO Puka Textbook of Pediatrics ʻo Nelson. 21st ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 218.

Stephens DS. Neisseria meningitidis. I: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, hua pā. ʻO Mandell, Douglas, a me Bennett's Principle a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi kūpilikiʻi. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 211.