ʻAno 2 diabetes

ʻAno 2 diabetes he maʻi ola (maʻi mau) kahi kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kō (glucose) i loko o ke koko. ʻAno 2 diabetes ʻo ia ka maʻa maʻamau o ka maʻi kō.

ʻO ka insulin ka hone i hana ʻia i loko o ka pancreas e nā hunaola kūikawā, i kapa ʻia nā beta beta. Aia ka pancreas ma lalo a ma hope o ka ʻōpū. Pono ka insulin i ka neʻe ʻana i ke kō kō (glucose) i nā hunaola. Ma loko o nā pūnaewele, mālama ʻia ka glucose a ma hope e hoʻohana ʻia no ka ikehu.

Ke loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi maʻisā ʻano 2, ʻaʻole pane maikaʻi kāu momona, ate, a me nā mākala muscle i ka insulin. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo resistamina insulina. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kō kō i loko o kēia mau hunaola e mālama ʻia no ka ikehu.

Ke hiki ʻole ke kō i loko o nā hunaola, kūkulu ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i loko o ke koko. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo hyperglycemia. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kino ke hoʻohana i ka glucose no ka ikehu. ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i nā ʻōuli o ke ʻano diabetes ʻelua.

Hoʻolālā mālie ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo 2. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi he kaumaha a obesity paha ke ʻike ʻia lākou. Hoʻonui ka momona i mea paʻakikī i kou kino e hoʻohana i ka insulin i ke ala pololei.

Hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka maʻi diabetes Type 2 i ka poʻe kaumaha ʻole a momona paha. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia i nā mākua makua.

He mea nui ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana a me nā ʻiʻo i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. ʻO ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka hana, ka ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, a me ka nui o ke kino e pili ana i ka pūhaka e hoʻonui ai i kou manawa e loaʻa ai ka maʻi.

ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ʻaʻohe o lākou hōʻailona ma ka mua. ʻAʻole paha lākou i loaʻa nā hōʻailona no nā makahiki he nui.

ʻO nā ʻōuli mua o ka maʻi diabetes i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi pae kō kō kiʻekiʻe e komo pū paha:

• Bladder, kidney, ʻili, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻē aʻe i ʻoi pinepine a hoʻōla mālie paha
• Ka luhi
• Pololi
• Hoʻonui wai make wai
• Hoʻonui i ka urination
• ʻIke makapō

Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi, a ʻo ka hopena, he nui nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.

Manaʻo paha kāu mea mālama ola olakino loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu kō i ke kō ma mua o 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg / dL) a i ʻole 11.1 mmol / L. E hōʻoia i ke kuhi, pono e hana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o nā hōʻike aʻe.

• ʻO ka hoʻokēʻai ʻana i ka pae glucose koko - ʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes inā 126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe i ʻelua mau manawa ʻokoʻa.
• Hōʻike Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) - ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai inā 6.5% a ʻoi paha ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻike.
• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka glucose oral - ʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes inā 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 2 mau hola ma hope o ka inu ʻana i kahi mea inu kō.

Paipai ʻia ka kānana diabetes no:

• ʻO nā keiki kaumaha i loaʻa nā kumu ʻē aʻe no ka maʻi kō, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka makahiki 10 a hana hou i kēlā me kēia 2 makahiki
• ʻO nā mākua kaumaha (BMI o 25 a ʻoi paha) i loaʻa nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole he makuahine, makuakāne, kaikuahine a i ʻole kaikunāne me ka maʻi kō.
• ʻO nā wahine kaupaona ka nui o nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe, e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, nā mea e hoʻolālā nei e hāpai
  
• E hoʻomaka ana nā mākua i ka makahiki 45 i kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki, a i ʻole i ka wā ʻōpio inā he ʻano pilikia ko ke kanaka

Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2, pono ʻoe e hana pū me kāu mea hāʻawi. E ʻike pinepine i kāu mea hāʻawi. ʻO kēia paha he 3 mau mahina.

E kōkua nā hoʻokolohua a me nā hoʻokolohua aʻe iā ʻoe a me kāu mea lawelawe e nānā i kāu maʻi kōkō a pale i nā pilikia.

• E nānā i ka ʻili, nā aʻa, a me nā hono o kou mau wāwae a me kou mau wāwae.
• Nānā inā hele wāwae kou mau wāwae (diabetic nerve nerve).
• E hōʻoia i kou kaomi koko ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki (ʻo ka pahuhopu kaomi o ke koko e 140/80 mm Hg a i lalo paha).
• E hoʻāʻo i kāu A1C i kēlā me kēia 6 mahina inā mālama maikaʻi ʻia kāu maʻi diabetes. E hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia 3 mau mahina inā ʻaʻole kaohi maikaʻi ʻia kāu maʻi kō.
• E nānā i kāu mau kolesterol a me nā pae triglyceride i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
• E kiʻi i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o kāu mau puʻupaʻa (microalbuminuria a me ka serum creatinine).
• E kipa aku i kāu kauka maka ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka pinepine inā he mau hōʻailona kou no ka maʻi diabetic.
• E ʻike i ke kauka niho i kēlā me kēia 6 mahina no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe niho a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. E ʻike pono i kāu kauka niho a me ka hygienist ʻike he maʻi kō kou.

Makemake paha kāu mea e nānā i kāu mau pae koko B12 inā lawe ʻoe i ka metformin lāʻau.

I ka mua, ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kāu pae glucose kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā pahuhopu wā lōʻihi e pale i nā pilikia. ʻO kēia nā pilikia olakino e hiki ke hopena i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻO ke ala nui a koʻikoʻi e mālama a mālama ai i ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo 2 ka ʻeleu ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai olakino.

Pono i kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi kō ke aʻo kūpono a me ke kākoʻo e pili ana i nā ala maikaʻi loa e mālama ai i ka maʻi kō. E nīnau i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka loea o ka maʻi diabetes a me ka loea aʻo.

E aʻo i kēia mau mākau

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka mākau mālama diabetes e kōkua iā ʻoe e ola maikaʻi me ka maʻi kō. Kōkua kēia mau mākau i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia olakino a me ka pono no ka mālama olakino. Nā mākau me:

• Pehea e hōʻoia ai hoʻopaʻa ai i kāu glucose koko
• He aha, ahea, a pehea ka nui o ka ʻai
• Pehea e hoʻonui pono ai i kāu hana a kaohi i kou kaumaha
• Pehea e lawe ai i nā lāʻau, inā pono
• Pehea e ʻike ai a mālama i ke kō a me ke kō a me ke kō
• Pehea e mālama ai i nā lā maʻi
• Ma hea e kūʻai ai i nā lako diabetes a pehea e mālama ai iā lākou

He mau mahina paha e aʻo ai i kēia mau mākau. E hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, kāna mau pilikia, a pehea e kaohi a ola maikaʻi ai me ka maʻi. E noho mau i ka noiʻi hou a me nā mālama ʻana. E ʻike pono i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike mai nā kumuwaiwai hilinaʻi, e like me kāu mea hāʻawi a me kāu mea aʻo diabetes.

KA MANAKI ANA I KOU KULA KOKU

Ke nānā nei i kāu pae kō kō i loko a kākau iho i nā hopena e haʻi iā ʻoe i kou mālama maikaʻi ʻana i kāu maʻi kō. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻolako a me kāu mea aʻo diabetes e pili ana i ka manawa e nānā pinepine ai.

No ka nānā ʻana i kāu pae kō kō, hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi mea i kapa ʻia he mika glucose. ʻO ka maʻamau, kui ʻoe i kou manamana lima me kahi nila liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia he lancet. Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe i kahi kulu liʻiliʻi o ke koko. Kau ʻoe i ke koko ma kahi kaha hoʻāʻo a hoʻokomo i ka pā i ka mika. Hāʻawi ka mika iā ʻoe i kahi heluhelu e haʻi iā ʻoe i ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu kō kō.

E kōkua kāu mea hāʻawi aku a mea aʻo diabetes paha i kahi papa hoʻāʻo no ʻoe. E kōkua kāu mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi pae no kāu helu kō kō. E hoʻomanaʻo i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2 pono wale nō e nānā i kā lākou kō kō i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā.
• Inā kaohi ʻia kāu pae kō kō, e nānā wale paha ʻoe iā ia i kekahi mau manawa o ka pule.
• Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe iho ke ala aʻe ʻoe, ma mua o ka pāʻina ʻana, a i ka wā moe.
• Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻāʻo pinepine hou aʻe inā maʻi ʻoe a i ʻole ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi.
• Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻāʻo pinepine inā pinepine pinepine ʻoe i nā hōʻailona kō kō.

E mālama i kahi moʻohelu o kāu kō kō no ʻoe a me kāu mea hāʻawi. Ma muli o kāu helu, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻololi i kāu ʻai, nā hana, a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau e mālama i kāu pae kō kō i ka pae kūpono. Lawe mau i kāu mika glucose koko i nā koho lāʻau lapaʻau i hiki i nā ʻikepili ke hoʻoiho a kūkākūkā.

Koi paha kāu mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi monitor glucose mau (CGM) e ana i ke kō kō inā:

• Ke hoʻohana nei ʻoe i nā injection insulin i nā manawa he nui i ka lā
• Ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mahele o ke kō kō kō haʻahaʻa
• Kūlana nui kāu pae kō kō

He sensor ko ka CGM i hoʻokomo ʻia ma lalo pono o ka ʻili e ana i ka glucose i loko o ka wai aʻa i kēlā me kēia 5 mau minuke.

NOHO ANA I KE OLA ANA ME KA WAIWAI Kaumaha

Hana pū me kāu poʻe lawelawe olakino e aʻo i ka nui o ka momona, protein, a me nā huehue e pono ai i kāu papaʻai. Pono kāu papaʻai e ʻai i kāu nohona a me kāu mau maʻamau a pono e hoʻopili i nā meaʻai āu e makemake ai.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kou kaupaona a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi papaʻai kaulike maikaʻi he mea nui. Hiki i kekahi poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ke hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka paona. ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo no ka hoʻōla ʻia o ko lākou maʻi diabetes. He diabetes nō kā lākou.

ʻO ka poʻe Obese nona ka maʻi diabetes e mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia me ka papaʻai a me nā lāʻau e noʻonoʻo paha i ke kaupaona ʻana (bariatric).

HANA KANAKA MAU KULA

He mea nui ka hana maʻamau no nā mea āpau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui ke loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi kō. Maikaʻi ka hoʻoikaika kino i kou olakino no ka mea:

• E hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kāu pae kō kō me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau
• Burns keu calorie a me ka momona e kōkua mālama i kou kaupaona
• Hoʻonui i ke kahe o ke koko a me ke kahe o ke koko
• Hoʻonui i kou pae ikehu
• Hoʻonui i kou hiki ke mālama i ke koʻikoʻi

E kamaʻilio i kāu mea hāʻawi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi polokalamu hoʻoikaika kino. Pono paha ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes 2 e hana i nā hana kūikawā ma mua, i ka wā, a ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana, e like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā kaha o ka insulin inā pono.

NA LAAU LAPAAU E LAWE AI I NA DIABETE

Inā ʻaʻole kōkua ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka mālama ʻana i kāu kō kō i nā kūlana maʻamau a i ʻole kokoke kokoke i ka maʻamau, hiki i kāu mea hāʻawi ke kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau. Ma muli o kēia mau lāʻau e kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i kāu pae kō kō i nā ʻano like ʻole, hāʻawi paha kāu mea hāʻawi iā ʻoe e lawe ma mua o hoʻokahi lāʻau.

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau o nā lāʻau i helu ʻia ma lalo. Lawe ʻia lākou e ka waha a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana.

• Nā mea kāohi iā Alpha-glucosidase
• ʻO Biguanides
• Sequestrants waikiki bile
• Nā mea kāohi DPP-4
• Nā lāʻau i hoʻokomo ʻia (GLP-1 analogs)
• ʻO Meglitinides
• Nā mea kāohi SGLT2
• ʻO Sulphonylureas
• ʻO Thiazolidinediones

Pono ʻoe e ʻai i ka insulin inā ʻaʻole hiki ke kaohi ʻia kāu kō kō me nā lāʻau i luna. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, injected ka insulin ma lalo o ka ʻili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka syringe, ka peni insulin, a i ʻole ka pauma. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka insulin ka ʻano i hū ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki i ka insulin ke lawe ʻia e ka waha no ka mea ʻo ka acid i loko o ka ʻōpū e luku i ka insulin.

KA PALAPALA ANA I NA PALAPALA

Kauoha paha kāu mea hāʻawi i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi i kou manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kekahi o nā pilikia maʻamau o ka maʻi kō, e like me:

• Maʻi maka
• ʻO ka maʻi kīwī
• ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka hahau

MALAMA WAWAE

ʻOi aku ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ma mua o ka poʻe i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes e pilikia ai ka wāwae. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka maʻi diabetes. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻemi i kou mau wāwae i ke kaumaha, kaʻeha, ka wela, a me ke anuanu. ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kahi ʻeha o ka wāwae a hiki i kou hōʻeha loa ʻana i ka ʻili a me nā mea i lalo, a i ʻole loaʻa iā ʻoe i kahi maʻi maʻi nui.

Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko. Hiki i nā ʻeha liʻiliʻi a haki paha i ka ʻili ke lilo i ʻeha ʻeha o ka ʻili (ulcer). Pono e ʻoki ʻia ka lālā pili inā ʻaʻole e hoʻōla a lilo paha kēia mau ulcer i ʻili a nui a hohonu paha, a maʻi paha.

I pale i nā pilikia me kou mau wāwae:

• E hōʻoki i ka puhi inā puhi ʻoe.
• Hoʻonui i ka kaohi o kāu kō kō.
• E kiʻi i kahi hoʻokolohua wāwae e kāu mea hāʻawi ma ka liʻiliʻi i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki e aʻo ai inā loaʻa ʻoe kahi ʻino nerve.
• E noi i kāu mea hāʻawi e nānā i kou mau wāwae no nā pilikia e like me nā callus, nā bunion a me nā hāmare. Pono e mālama ʻia kēia mau mea e pale ai i ka haki ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka maʻi ulcer.
• E nānā a mālama i kou mau wāwae i kēlā me kēia lā. He mea nui loa kēia inā loaʻa ʻoe i ke ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha koko a me nā pilikia o ka wāwae.
• E mālama i nā maʻi liʻiliʻi, e like me ka wāwae o ka ʻālapa, koke.
• E hoʻohana i ka wai ʻili hoʻoluʻu i ka ʻili maloʻo.
• E hōʻoia i kaʻaʻahu i keʻano o nā kāmaʻa. E noi i kāu mea hāʻawi i ke ʻano o ke kāmaʻa e kūpono nāu.

KE OLA EMOTIONAL

Hiki ke kaumaha i ka noho ʻana me ka maʻi kō. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hopohopo e nā mea āpau e pono ai e mālama i kāu maʻi diabetes. Akā ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kou olakino manaʻo he mea nui e like me kou olakino kino.

Nā ala e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ke koʻikoʻi komo pū:

• Ke hoʻolohe nei i nā mele hoʻomaha
• Ke noʻonoʻo nei e lawe i kou manaʻo mai kāu hopohopo
• Hanu hohonu e kōkua i ka hōʻoluʻolu i ke kaumaha o ke kino
• Ke hana nei i ka yoga, taichi, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaha holomua

ʻO ke kaumaha a i lalo paha (kaumaha) a hopohopo paha i kekahi manawa maʻamau. Akā inā loaʻa pinepine kēia mau manaʻo iā ʻoe a ke hele nei lākou i ke ala o ka mālama ʻana i kāu maʻi diabetes, e kamaʻilio pū me kāu hui mālama ola. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i nā ala e kōkua ai iā ʻoe e hōʻoluʻolu.

Pono ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes e hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou papa hana hoʻoliʻiliʻi.

Nui a hewahewa nā kumuwaiwai i hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā ala e mālama ai i kāu kūlana i hiki iā ʻoe ke noho maikaʻi me ka maʻi kō.

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes kahi maʻi o ke ola a ʻaʻohe mea e ola ai.

ʻO kekahi poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2 ʻaʻole pono hou i ka lāʻau inā lilo ke kaumaha a lilo i mea hana. Ke hiki lākou i ko lākou kaumaha kūpono, hiki i ko lākou kino iho insulin a me ka papaʻai olakino ke kāohi i ko lākou pae kō kō.

Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi.

• Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā pilikia o ka maka, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka pilikia (keu hoʻi i ka pō), a me ka ʻike māmā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i makapō.
• Hiki i kou mau wāwae a me kou ʻili ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻeha a me nā maʻi. Inā ʻaʻole e ola pono nā ʻeha, pono paha e ʻoki ʻia kou wāwae a wāwae paha. Hiki i nā maʻi ke hōʻeha i ka ʻeha a me ka makaʻu i ka ʻili.
• Hiki i ka diabetes ke paʻakikī e kaohi i kou kaomi koko a me ka cholesterol. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai, hahau, a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea paʻakikī no ke kahe o ke koko i kou mau wāwae a me kou mau wāwae.
• Hiki ke hōʻino nā ʻino i kou kino, e hōʻeha ai i ka ʻeha, ʻūlū ʻana, a me ka helu.
• Ma muli o ka ʻino o ke aʻalolo, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā pilikia ke kālailai ʻana i ka meaʻai āu e ʻai ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole he pilikia e hele i ka lua. Hiki i ka hōʻino nerve ke paʻakikī i nā kāne e kūkulu i kūkulu.
• ʻO ke kō kiʻekiʻe o ke kō a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka hakuʻala. ʻAʻole holo paha kāu mau puʻupaʻa e like me ka wā ma mua. Pau paha lākou i ka hana no laila pono ʻoe i ka dialysis a i ʻole ke transplant kidney.
• Hiki i ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻonāwaliwali i kāu ʻōnaehana pale. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā maʻi āpau, me ka ʻili hoʻoweliweli ʻili a me nā maʻi fungal.
  

Kāhea koke iā 911 a i ʻole ka helu kūloko kūloko inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• ʻEhaʻeha a ʻeha paha
• Pāleʻele, huikau a ʻike ʻole ʻole paha
• Ka hopu ʻana
• Pokole o ka hanu
• ʻUlaʻula, ʻili ʻeha e hohola wikiwiki nei

Hiki i kēia mau ʻōuli ke lilo i mea ʻino a lilo i mau hanana pilikia (e like me ka hopu ʻana, coma hypoglycemic a i ʻole hyperglycemic coma).

Kāhea pū i kāu mea hāʻawi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Numbness, tingling, a ʻeha paha i kou mau wāwae a mau wāwae paha
• Nā pilikia me kou maka maka
• ʻO nā maʻi a me nā maʻi i kou mau wāwae
• Nā ʻōuli o ke kō kō kiʻekiʻe (ka make wai loa, ʻike maka ʻole, ʻili maloʻo, nāwaliwali a luhi paha, ka pono e mimi i ka nui)
• Nā ʻōuli o ke kō kōpaʻa haʻahaʻa (nāwaliwali a luhi paha, haʻalulu, sweating, hoʻonāukiuki, noʻonoʻo me ka maopopo, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, ʻike ʻelua a pōpō paha, ʻano hauʻoli ʻole)
• Manaʻo pinepine o ke kaumaha a hopohopo paha

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes 2 ma ka noho ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino olakino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i kahi kaupaona olakino ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai olakino, ka mālama ʻana i kāu nui o ka ʻāpana, a alakaʻi i kahi nohona hana. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻolohi a pale paha i ka maʻi diabetes 2 i ka poʻe e makaʻu i ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi.

Maʻi ʻaukala pili ʻole noninsulin; Diabetes - ʻano II; Mimikō hoʻomaka mua; Diabetic - ʻano 2 diabetes; Hypoglycemic 'ōlelo - ʻano 2 diabetes; ʻO ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe - ʻano 2 diabetes

• Nā mea kāohi ACE
• Ma hope o ke kaupaona kaumaha-lilo - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
• Ma mua o ke kaupaona ʻana o ke kaupaona - he aha kāu e noi aku ai i kāu kauka
• Diabetes a me ka hoʻoikaika kino
• Mālama ka maka diabetes
• Diabetes - ulcer wawae
• Diabetes - mālama i ka hana
• Diabetes - pale i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a me ka hahau
• Diabetes - ke mālama nei i kou mau wāwae
• Nā hōʻoia diabetes a me nā hōʻoia
• Diabetes - ke maʻi ʻoe
• Hoʻokiʻoki wāwae - hoʻokuʻu
• ʻOki kino kik Gastric - hoʻokuʻu
• Hoʻopaʻa ʻōpū Laparoscopic - hoʻokuʻu
• Hoʻokiʻoki wāwae - hoʻokuʻu
• ʻO ka ʻoki wāwae a me ka wāwae paha - hoʻololi i ka lole
• Kiko kō haʻahaʻa - mālama pono iā ʻoe iho
• Ka mālama ʻana i kāu kō kō
• ʻAno 2 diabetes - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka

• Diabetes a me ka hoʻoikaika kino
• Nā lako pilikia diabetic
• 15/15 rula
• Nā meaʻai starchy
• Nā hōʻailona kō kō ke koko haʻahaʻa
• Glucose i ke koko
• Nā mea kāohi iā Alpha-glucosidase
• ʻO Biguanides
• Laʻau Sulphonylureas
• ʻO Thiazolidinediones
• Hoʻokuʻu ka meaʻai a me ka insulin
• Ke nānā nei i ke kō glucose - Series

ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika. 2. Hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi kō: nā kūlana o ka mālama olakino i ka maʻi kō - 2020. Mālama Diabetes. 2020; 43 (Hōʻawi 1): S14-S31. PMID: 31862745 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862745/.

ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika. 11. Nā pilikia Microvascular a me ka mālama wāwae: nā kūlana o ka mālama olakino i ka maʻi kō - 2020. Mālama Diabetes. 2020; 43 (Hōʻawi 1): S135-S151. PMID: 31862754 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika. 8. Ka mālama ʻana i ka momona no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 2: nā kūlana o ka mālama olakino i ka maʻi kō - 2020. Mālama Diabetes. 2020; 43 (Hōʻawi 1): S89-S97. PMID: 31862751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862751/.

ʻO Riddle MC, Ahmann AJ. Nā therapeutics o ka maʻi maʻamau o 2 diabetes. I: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. ʻO Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 35.