Nā pōpilikia maka

ʻO nā pilikia o ka maka me ka ʻokiʻoki, nā ʻāpala, nā mea i ka maka, ka puhi ʻana, ka hōʻike kemikal, a me nā hōʻeha maka ʻole i ka maka a me ka lihilihi maka. ʻO kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maka a me nā ʻano olakino ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kōkō ʻana o ke koko a i ʻole glaucoma, pono paha i ka mālama olakino koke. Ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maka, hiki i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano ke alakaʻi i ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi ke mālama ʻole ʻia.

He mea nui e kiʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maka a i ʻole nā ​​kuʻemaka a me nā pilikia. Nā pilikia o ka maka (e like me ka maka ʻulaʻula ʻeha a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike) ʻaʻole ia no ka ʻeha a pono hoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau wikiwiki.

Hoʻopili nā maka pilikia i kekahi o kēia mau mea:

TRAUMA

• Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia kahi maka ʻeleʻele e ka trauma pololei i ka maka a i ʻole ke alo. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka palapū e ke kahe ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili. Eʻeleʻele a uliuli ka mea a puni ka maka, e lilo i poni, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me melemele i mau mau lā. Nalo ke kala ʻole i loko o 2 mau pule. ʻO ka pehu ʻana o ka lihilihi a me nā mea a puni ka maka e kū pū kekahi.
• Hiki i kekahi ʻano o nā iwi poʻo haʻi ke hōʻeha a puni nā maka, ʻoiai me ka ʻeha ʻole o ka maka.
• I kekahi manawa, hōʻino nui ka maka ponoʻī ma muli o ke kaomi o ka maka maka a maka alo paha. He hyphema ke koko i loko o ka maka o ka maka. ʻO Trauma kahi kumu maʻamau a pinepine ia mai kahi kuʻi pololei i ka maka mai kahi kinipōpō.

INEMI KIMIA

• ʻO kahi ʻeha kemika i ka maka e hiki ke kumu ʻia e kahi ulia pili i ka hana. Hiki iā ia ke kumu ʻia e nā huahana home maʻamau e like me nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā māla māla, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, a me nā ʻano kemika ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā fume a me nā aerosols ke hana i ke ahi kuni.
• Me ka wela ʻana o ka waikawa, holoi pinepine ka haze ma ke kole a loaʻa kahi manawa kūpono o ka hoʻōla.
• ʻO nā mea ʻalkaline e like me ka lime, ka lilina, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahena, a me ka sodium hydroxide i loaʻa i nā lako hau e hoʻonā ai i ka cornea mau.
• He mea nui e pīpī i ka maka me ka nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka wai paʻakai (saline). Pono kēia ʻano ʻeha i ka mālama olakino koke.

NĀ ʻĀINA ʻE MA NĀ ʻJLĀ MAKA ME NĀ KOREA

• ʻO ke koloea ka mea maopopo (aniani) uhi i ka maka o ka maka.
• Hiki i ka lepo, ke one, a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe ke komo maʻalahi i ka maka. ʻO kaʻeha mau, ka noʻonoʻo i ka mālam, a me kaʻulaʻula he hōʻailona e pono ai ka lāʻau.
• Hiki paha i kahi kino haole i ka maka ke hoʻopōʻino i ka hihiʻo inā komo ka mea i ka maka ponoʻī a hoʻopōʻino paha i ke kornea a me nā aniani. Kiola ʻia nā kino haole i ka wikiwiki e ka mīkini ʻana, ka wili ʻana a i ʻole ka hammering metala ka mea nui e hōʻeha i ka maka.

ʻO ka hōʻeha i ka maka maka he hōʻailona paha ia o ka ʻehaʻeha ʻana i ka maka ponoʻī.

Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka ʻeha, aia paha kekahi o nā ʻōuli ma aneʻi:

• Kahe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai a i ʻole ka maka o ka maka
• ʻUpala
• Hoʻoemi i ka hihiʻo
• Hōʻike pālua
• ʻEhaʻeha maka
• ʻEha poʻo
• Maka maka
• Ka nalowale o ka hihiʻo, huina a hapa paha, hoʻokahi maka a ʻelua paha
• Nā haumana o ka nui kaulike ʻole
• ʻUlaʻula - helehelena aloha koko
• Manaʻo o kekahi mea i ka maka
• ʻIke i ka mālam
• Hoʻopili a puhi paha i ka maka

E hana koke a hāhai i nā ʻanuʻu ma lalo inā he ʻeha maka kou a i ʻole kekahi.

NĀ PONO UʻILU MA KA MAKA A I ʻole ʻATA

E hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ka maka iā ia iho i nā mea liʻiliʻi, e like me nā maka maka a me ke one, ma o ka ʻā ʻana a me ka haehae ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole, mai hamo i ka maka a ʻume i nā lihilihi. A laila e hele a nānā i ka maka.

1. E holoi i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai.
2. Nānā i ka maka i kahi mālamalama maikaʻi. Mai kaomi i ka maka.
3. E ʻike ai i ka mea, e nānā ke kanaka i luna a i lalo, a laila mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a kēia ʻaoʻao.
4. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka mea, lālau i ka eyelid lalo a huki mālie iā ia e nānā ma lalo o ka eyelid lalo. E nānā ma lalo o ka poʻi o luna, e kau i ka pulupulu maʻemaʻe ma waho o ka poʻi o luna. Hoʻopaʻa i nā maka maka a pelu mālie i ka uhi ma luna o ka pulupulu.
5. Inā ma ka lihilihi ka mea, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻolei mālie me ka wai maʻemaʻe. Inā ʻaʻole holo pono kēlā, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopā i ka ʻelua pulupulu i ka mea e hemo ai.
6. Inā aia ka mea ma luna o ka maka, e hoʻāʻo e holoi mālie i ka maka me ka wai maʻemaʻe. Inā loaʻa, e hoʻohana i kahi kīʻaha maka a i ʻole ʻōmole o nā kulu maka, e like me nā waimaka hana, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma luna o ke kihi o waho o ka maka. Mai hoʻopili i ka maka iā ia iho me ka dropper a i ʻole ka wēlau o ka hue.

Hiki ke hoʻomau i kahi ʻano ʻalalā a i ʻole kahi ʻoluʻolu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o nā maka maka a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. E hele paha kēia i loko o hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha. Inā hoʻomau ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka hihi pohihihi, e kiʻi i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

KUMU PAHU A I EMBEDDED I KA MAKA

1. E waiho i ka mea i kahi. Mai hoʻāʻo e hemo i kēia mea. Mai hoʻopā iā ia a kau i kahi kaomi iā ia.
2. E hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻokūpaʻa i ke kanaka.
3. E holoi i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai.
4. Kāʻei nā maka ʻelua. Kōkua ka uhi ʻana i nā maka ʻelua i ka neʻe ʻana o ka maka. Inā nui ka mea, e hoʻokau i kahi kīʻaha pepa maʻemaʻe a i ʻole mea like paha ma luna o ka maka ʻeha a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi. Pale kēia i ka mea mai kaomi ʻia, ka mea e ʻeha hou ai ka maka. Inā liʻiliʻi ka mea, e hoʻopili i nā maka ʻelua.
5. E kiʻi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Mai hoʻopaneʻe.

KIMI MA KA MAKA

1. E pīpī i ka wai anuanu koke. E hoʻohuli i ke poʻo o ke kanaka no laila e iho ka maka ʻeha a ma ka ʻaoʻao. Ke paʻa nei i ka lihilihi, e ʻae i ka wai e holo ana mai ka faucet e pīni i ka maka no 15 mau minuke.
2. Inā pili nā maka ʻelua, a i ʻole aia nā kemika i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e ʻauʻau ke kanaka.
3. Inā komo ka mea i nā aniani kilokilo a ʻaʻole i kiola ʻia nā aniani mai ka wai e holo ana, e hoʻāʻo ke kanaka e hemo i nā mea hoʻopili ma hope o ka holoi ʻana.
4. E mālama mau i ka maka me ka wai maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka hopena paʻakai no 15 mau minuke.
5. E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Mai hoʻopaneʻe.

ʻOkiʻoki maka, ʻūlū, a i ʻole puhi

1. E hoʻopili mālie i kahi kaomi anuanu maʻemaʻe i ka maka e hōʻemi i ka pehu ʻana a kōkua i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe. Mai hoʻopili i ka kaomi e kāohi ai i ke kahe.
2. Inā kūpulu ke koko i ka maka, e uhi i nā maka ʻelua i ka lole maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka lole sterile.
3. E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Mai hoʻopaneʻe.

ʻĀʻI ʻELEʻELE

1. E holoi pono i ka eyelid. Inā kahe ana ka ʻoki, kau i ke kaomi akahai me kahi lole maʻemaʻe, maloʻo a hiki i ke kū ʻana o ke kahe. Mai kaomi ma ka ʻōlapa. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i ka ʻoki ke hele āpau ma waena o ka eyelid, no laila hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i ka ʻōmaka. He palekana ʻo ka kaomi ʻana ma ka iwi a puni ka maka.
2. Uhi me kahi lole maʻemaʻe.
3. E kau i kahi kaomi anu ma ka lole e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka ʻeha a me ka pehu.
4. E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Mai hoʻopaneʻe.

• Mai kaomi a hamo i ka maka ʻeha.
• Mai wehe i nā aniani kelepona inā ʻole e kū ka wikiwiki, aia kahi ʻeha kemika a ʻaʻole i puka i waho nā pilina me ka wai o ka wai, a i ʻole hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke kōkua koke i ke olakino.
• Mai hoʻāʻo e hemo i kahi kino haole a i ʻole kekahi mea i ʻike ʻia e hoʻokomo ʻia (paʻa) i nā ʻāpana o ka maka. E kiʻi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.
• Mai hoʻohana i nā pulupulu, nā tweezers, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka maka ponoʻī. E hoʻohana wale ʻia nā pulupulu ma waho a ma waho paha o ka eyelid.

E ʻimi i ka mālama olakino pōpilikia inā:

• ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻōkuʻu, ʻoki, a mea paha i hele i loko (komo) i ka ʻōnohi maka.
• Komo kekahi kemika i ka maka.
• He ʻeha a ʻulaʻula ka maka.
• ʻO ka Nusea a ʻeha ʻeha paha me ka ʻeha o ka maka (he hōʻailona paha kēia o glaucoma a i ʻole hahau).
• Aia kekahi hoʻololi i ka hihiʻo (e like me ka blur a i ʻole ka ʻike lua).
• Aia ke kahe hiki ʻole ke kaohi ʻia.

Mālama pono i nā keiki. E aʻo iā lākou pehea e palekana ai.

E ʻaʻa mau i nā mea pale pale inā:

• Ke hoʻohana nei i nā pono hana, hamare, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana kuʻi ʻē aʻe
• Ke hana nei me nā kemika ʻino
• Paikikala a i ʻole inā ma nā wahi makani a me ka lepo
• Ke komo nei i nā haʻuki i loaʻa i ka likelihood kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻi ʻana i ka maka me ka kinipōpō, e like me nā haʻuki i loko o ka hale

• Maka
• Pahu kōkua mua

ʻO Guluma K, ʻo Lee JE. Ophthalmology. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 61.

Muth CC. Nā pōpilikia maka. JAMA. 2017; 318 (7): 676. jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2648633. Hoʻohou Augate 15, 2017. Loaʻa iā Mei 7, 2019.

ʻO Vrcek I, ʻo Somogyi M, ʻo Durairaj VD. Ka loiloi a me ka hoʻokele o ka periorbital maʻi palupalu trauma. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 12.9.