I ka manawa hea e hoʻololi ai nā maka o nā pēpē i ke kala?

Anter

• I ka manawa hea e hoʻololi ai nā maka o pēpē i ke kala?
• He aha ka pili o ka melanin me ke kala o ka maka?
• Pehea e hana ai nā genetics i ke kala o ka maka
• ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻololi ai nā maka o kāu pēpē i nā kala
• Lawe aku

He mea maikaʻi ke kāpae i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka lole hoʻonaninani e kūlike me ke kala o ka maka o kāu pēpē - ma ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i kāu keiki liʻiliʻi i ko lākou lā hānau mua.

ʻO ia no ka mea he ʻokoʻa ke nānā aku nā maka āu e nānā ai i ka wā hānau ma 3, 6, 9, a me 12 mau makahiki paha.

No laila ma mua o kou pili loa ʻana i kēlā mau maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo 6 mahina, e ʻike wale e ʻike kekahi mau pēpē i nā loli a 1 mau makahiki. Ke hoʻomau nei kekahi kala o kekahi mau keiki e hoʻololi i nā hue a hiki i ka piha ʻana iā lākou o 3 mau makahiki.

I ka manawa hea e hoʻololi ai nā maka o pēpē i ke kala?

ʻO ka lā hānau mua o kāu pēpē kahi hōʻailona nui ia, keu hoʻi inā e luʻu lākou i loko o kahi keke no ka manawa mua. Akā pili ia i ka makahiki hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo palekana ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kala o ka pēpē.

"ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i nā maka o ke pēpē ke hoʻololi i ke kala i ka makahiki mua o ke ola," i ʻōlelo ʻo Benjamin Bert, MD, he ophthalmologist ma Memorial Care Orange Coast Medical Center.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo Daniel Ganjian, MD, kahi kauka lapaʻau ma Providence Saint John's Health Center, i ʻōlelo ʻo nā loli nui loa o ke kala i waena o 3 a me 6 mau mahina.

Akā ʻo ka hue āu e ʻike ai ma 6 mau mahina he hana paha ia - ʻo ia hoʻi e kali ʻoe i kekahi mau mahina (a ʻoi paha) ma mua o ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana i ka ʻāpana kala o ka maka o ka puke pēpē.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke wānana i ka makahiki kikoʻī o ka paʻa ʻana o ke kala o kāu pēpē, e ʻōlelo ana ka American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) ka hapa nui o nā pēpē i ke kala o ka maka e mau ai ko lākou ola i ka manawa ma kahi o 9 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, kekahi hiki lawe i 3 mau makahiki e noho i loko o ke kala mau o ka maka.

A ke hiki mai i ke kala e lawe ai nā maka o kāu pēpē, hoʻopili ʻia nā makaʻu ma mua o nā maka ʻeleʻele. Wahi a ka AAO he ʻehā nā maka o ka hapalua o nā kānaka āpau i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

ʻO kahi kikoʻī, kahi noiʻi 2016 e pili ana i nā keiki hānau hou 192 ua ʻike ʻo ka hānau ʻana o ka kala iris:

• 63% ʻeleʻele
• 20.8% polū
• 5.7% ʻōmaʻomaʻo / hazel
• 9.9% pau ʻole
• 0.5% hapa heterochromia (kahi ʻano i ka waihoʻoluʻu)

Ua ʻike pū kekahi nā kānaka noiʻi he nui aku nā pēpē keʻokeʻo / Caucasian me nā maka polū a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki ʻĀkia, Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander, a me nā keiki ʻeleʻele / ʻAmelika ʻAmelika me nā maka ʻeleʻele.

I kēia manawa he ʻoi aku kou ʻike i ka manawa e loli ai nā maka o kāu pēpē i ke kala (a lilo i kūpaʻa mau), e noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka mea e hana nei ma hope o nā hanana e hana i kēia loli.

He aha ka pili o ka melanin me ke kala o ka maka?

ʻO Melanin, kahi ʻano o ka pigment e hāʻawi i kou lauoho a me kou ʻili, a he kuleana hoʻi i ke kala iris.

ʻOiai he polū a hina paha nā maka o kekahi pēpē i ka wā hānau, e like me ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna, he nui nā mea ʻeleʻele mai ka hoʻomaka.

E like me ka pane ʻana o nā melanocytes i ka iris i ka melanin māmā a hūnā hoʻi, e ʻōlelo ana ka American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) e hoʻomaka ana ka loli o ke kala o nā pēpē irises.

ʻO nā maka i kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele mai ka wā hānau mai e hoʻomau i ka pouli, ʻoiai kekahi mau maka i hoʻomaka i kahi aka māmā e pouli hoʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana melanin.

Hana ʻia kēia ma luna o ko lākou makahiki mua o ke ola, me ka loli ʻana o ke kala ma hope o 6 mau mahina. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o nā melanin e hopena i nā maka polū, akā e hoʻonui i ka huna a hopena paha ka pēpē me nā maka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hazel paha.

Inā he maka maka ko kāu pēpē, hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā melanocytes hana no ka hūnā ʻana i ka melanin he nui e hana i kahi kala ʻeleʻele.

"ʻO nā granule melanin i waiho ʻia i loko o kā mākou iris e hāʻawi iā mākou i ke kala o kā mākou maka," wahi a Bert. A ʻo ka nui o kāu melanin, ʻo ka pouli loa o kou mau maka.

"ʻEleʻele maoli ka pigment i ka helehelena, akā ʻo ka nui i loaʻa i loko o ka iris hiki ke hoʻoholo inā he polū, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hazel, a me nā maka brown ʻoe," wehewehe ʻo ia.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia, kuhikuhi ʻo Bert ʻo ka hiki i nā maka ke hoʻololi i ke kala ke hilinaʻi ʻia i ka nui o nā pigment a lākou e hoʻomaka ai.

Pehea e hana ai nā genetics i ke kala o ka maka

Hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā genetics no ke kala o ka maka o kāu pēpē. ʻO ia, nā genetics a nā mākua ʻelua e hāʻawi ai.

Akā ma mua o kou hele kiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana iā ʻoe iho no ka hele ʻana i kou mau maka ʻeleʻele, pono ʻoe e ʻike ʻaʻole hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana e hoʻoholo ai i ke kala o ka maka o kāu mea liʻiliʻi. Nui nā gen e hana ana i ka laulima.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻōlelo ka AAO a hiki i nā genes like ʻole he 16 ke hoʻopili ʻia, me nā ʻāpana maʻamau ʻelua ʻo OCA2 a me HERC2. Hiki i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ke pālua me kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua a hana i kahi hoʻomau o nā kala maka i nā poʻe like ʻole, e like me ka Genetics Home Reference.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau, ʻo ia ke kumu e polū ai nā maka o kāu mau keiki ʻoiai ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi kāu kāne.

ʻOi aku paha, e loaʻa i kahi mau mākua maka polū ʻelua ke keiki me nā maka polū, e like paha me nā mākua ʻelua maka ʻeleʻele e loaʻa i kahi keiki maka ʻeleʻele.

Akā inā he maka maka nā mākua ʻelua, a he polū nā maka o kahi kūpuna, hoʻonui ʻoe i ka loaʻa o kahi pēpē maka polū, e like me ka AAP. Inā he mau maka polū ko kekahi makua a ʻeleʻele kekahi, he piliwaiwai ke ʻano o ke kala o nā maka o pēpē.

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻololi ai nā maka o kāu pēpē i nā kala

"Hiki i kekahi maʻi maʻi maka ke hoʻopili i ke kala inā pili lākou i ka iris, ʻo ia ke apo muscular a puni ka haumāna e kāohi ana i ka hana a ka haumāna a ke hele nei mākou mai kahi pouli a kahi wahi māmā, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe," wahi a Katherine Williamson, MD, FAAP.

ʻO nā laʻana o kēia mau maʻi maka e:

• albinism, kahi a ka maka, ka ʻili, a me ka lauoho i liʻiliʻi ai ʻole kala
• aniridia, ka piha a hapa paha o ka iris, no laila e ʻike ʻoe i ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ʻole o ke kala o ka maka a, ma kahi o, kahi haumāna nui a mishapen paha.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā maʻi maka ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, e like me ka makapō makapō a i ʻole glaucoma.

ʻO Heterochromia, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e irises i kūlike ʻole i ke kala i ka mea like, hiki ke hana ʻia:

• i ka wā hānau ma muli o nā genetics
• ma muli o kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe
• ma muli o kahi pilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka maka
• no ka hōʻeha a hōʻeha paha i ka maka

ʻOiai e hoʻomohala nā pēpē āpau i nā uku like ʻole, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea inā ʻike ʻoe i ʻelua kala ʻokoʻa o ka maka a i ʻole ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ke kala o ka maka e 6 a i ʻole 7 mau makahiki, he mea maikaʻi e kāhea aku i kāu kauka lapaʻau.

Lawe aku

E ʻike kāu pēpē i nā loli he nui i ko lākou makahiki mua o ke ola. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau loli e loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo, ʻoiai nā mea ʻē aʻe i waho loa o kāu kaohi.

Ma waho o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kāu genes, ʻaʻohe mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hoʻohuli i ke kala o nā maka o kāu pēpē.

No laila, ʻoiai ʻoe e aʻa ana no "blues pēpē" a i ʻole "kaikamahine maka ʻeleʻele," ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻana i ke kala o ka maka o kāu mea liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka hala ʻana o ko lākou lā hānau mua.