COVID-19 vaccine: pehea e hana ai a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Anter

• Pehea e hana ai nā Vaccines COVID-19
• Pehea e hoʻomaulia ai ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
• Kūpono anei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻano hou o ka virus?
• Ke hiki mai nā ʻōpala mua
• Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ma Brazil
• ʻO ka hoʻolālā bakuna ma Pokukala
• Pehea e ʻike ai inā ʻoe he ʻāpana o kahi hui pilikia
• ʻO wai ka mea i loaʻa iā COVID-19 i hiki ke loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
• Nā hopena ʻē aʻe
• ʻO wai ka mea ʻaʻole e loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau?
• E hoʻāʻo i kou ʻike
• COVID-19 vaccine: hoʻāʻo i kou ʻike!

Ke aʻo ʻia nei a hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau kūʻē kūʻē iā COVID-19 ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hoʻāʻo e hakakā i ka maʻi ahulau i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka coronavirus hou. I kēia manawa, ua ʻae wale ʻia ka lāʻau ākea Pfizer e ka WHO, akā he nui nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kaʻina loiloi.

ʻO nā lāʻau āpau 6 i hōʻike i nā hopena i hoʻohiki nui ʻia:

• Pfizer a me BioNTech (BNT162): ʻo nā lāʻau ākea ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Kelemania 90% maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana pae 3;
• Hoikehonua (mRNA-1273): ʻo ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau he 94.5% maikaʻi ma nā ʻāpana pae 3;
• ʻO Gamaleya Research Institute (Sputnik V): ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau Lūkini he 91.6% kūʻē iā COVID-19;
• AstraZeneca a me Oxford University (AZD1222): aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Pelekane i ka mahele o ka mahele 3 a ma kahi pae mua ua hōʻike ʻia ka 70.4% mana;
• Sinovac (Coronavac): ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina me ka pilina me ka Butantan Institute i hōʻike i ka helu kūpono o 78% no nā hihia māmā a me 100% no nā maʻi kaulike a koʻikoʻi hoʻi;
• Johnson & Johnson (JNJ-78436735): e like me nā hopena mua, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau bakena ʻAmelika Hema mai 66 a 85%, a ʻokoʻa kēia helu e like me ka ʻāina kahi i noi ʻia ai.

Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia mau mea, nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e like me NVX-CoV2373, mai Novavax, Ad5-nCoV, mai CanSino a i ʻole Covaxin, mai Bharat Biotech, aia nō i ka pae 3 o ke aʻo ʻana, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i paʻi nā hopena.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Kauka Esper Kallas, ka maʻi maʻi a me ke Kumu Nui o ka Maʻi o nā Infectious and Parasitic Diseases ma FMUSP i nā kānalua nui e pili ana i ka lāʻau ʻana.

Pehea e hana ai nā Vaccines COVID-19

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā maʻi kūʻē kūʻē iā COVID-19 ma muli o 3 ʻano ʻenehana.

• ʻO ke ʻenehana genetic o ka ʻelele RNA: he ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau āpau no nā holoholona a hana i nā hunaola olakino i ke kino e hana i ka protein like a ka coronavirus e hoʻohana ai e komo i nā hunaola. I ka hana ʻana pēlā, koi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻohua i nā mea ʻino, i ka wā o ka maʻi, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka protein o ka coronavirus maoli a pale i ka maʻi mai ka ulu ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻenehana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai Pfizer a me Moderna;
• Hoʻohana o nā adenoviruses i hoʻoponopono ʻia: me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā adenoviruses, i mea makaʻu ʻole i ke kino o ke kanaka, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana iā lākou i nā genetically i hana like lākou i ka coronavirus, akā me ka ʻole o ke olakino. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hana i nā mea pale i hiki ke hoʻopau i ka maʻi i ka hanana o ka maʻi. ʻO kēia nā ʻenehana ma hope o nā lāʻau āpau mai Astrazeneca, Sputnik V a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai Johnson & Johnson;
• Hoʻohana o ka coronavirus inactivated: hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano inactivated o ka coronavirus hou i kumu ʻole ai i ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia olakino, akā e ʻae i ke kino e hana i nā mea pale e pono ai e hakakā i ka maʻi.

ʻO kēia mau ala āpau o ka hana ʻana he pono kūpono a hana ʻē i ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau āpau no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e hoʻomaulia ai ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka helu o ka maikaʻi o kēlā me kēia lāʻau i ka nui o ka poʻe i hoʻomōhala i ka maʻi a me nā mea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maoli ʻia, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka poʻe i ʻole ka lāʻau ʻaʻa a loaʻa ka placebo.

Eia kekahi laʻana, i ka hihia o ka lāʻau lapaʻau Pfizer, ua aʻo ʻia he 44,000 mau kānaka a, o kēlā hui, 94 wale nō i pau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana iā COVID-19. ʻO kēlā mau 94, 9 mau kānaka i huikau ʻia, ʻo ka mea i koe he 85 ka poʻe i loaʻa ka placebo a no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau iā lākou. Wahi a kēia mau helu, ʻo 90% ka helu o ke kūpono.

Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi loa i ke ʻano o kahi placebo a no ke aha ia.

Kūpono anei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻano hou o ka virus?

Wahi a kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai Pfizer a me BioNTech^[3], nā antibodies stimulate e ka lāʻau āpau i hōʻike ʻia e noho kūʻē i nā ʻano hou o ka coronavirus, nā UK a me nā hoʻololi o ʻApelika Hema.

Hoʻohui ʻia, kuhikuhi pū kekahi i ke aʻo ʻana he pono ke hoʻomau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no 15 mau hoʻololi ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi.

Ke hiki mai nā ʻōpala mua

Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau āpau mua e kūʻē iā COVID-19 i Ianuali 2021. Hiki wale nō kēia ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau papahana kūikawā e ʻae ai i ka hoʻokuʻu pilikia ʻana o nā lāʻau āpau me ka ʻole e hele i nā ʻae ʻae āpau i hōʻike ʻia e OWAI.

I nā kūlana maʻamau a e like me ka WHO, pono e hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i ka lehulehu ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kēia mau hana.

1. Pono ke keʻena hoʻokolohua e hoʻopuka i ka lāʻau āpau e hoʻokō i nā kaʻina hana nui 3 e hōʻike ana i nā hopena kūpono no ka palekana a me ka pono;
2. Pono e loiloi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e nā mea kūʻokoʻa mai ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, e like me ke kino hoʻokele o ka ʻāina, a ma ka hihia ʻo Brazil ʻo Anvisa, a ma Portugal Infarmed;
3. ʻO kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi i koho ʻia e WHO e kālailai i ka ʻike i loaʻa mai nā hoʻokolohua āpau e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka pono, a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana pehea e hoʻohana ai kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.
4. Pono e hana i nā lāʻau āpau i ʻae ʻia e WHO i ka nui;
5. Pono pono e hōʻoia e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻāina āpau me ka ʻoʻoleʻa loa.

Ua hui pū ʻo WHO e hōʻoia i ke kaʻina ʻae no kēlā me kēia lāʻau āpau e holo koke me ka wikiwiki, a ua ʻae nā mea hoʻokele i kēlā me kēia ʻāina i nā ʻae kūikawā no nā lāʻau COVID-19.

I ka hihia o Brazil, ua ʻae ʻo Anvisa i kahi ʻae a me kahi ʻae kūlohelohe e hiki ai i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻohana wikiwiki ʻia i kekahi mau hui o ka lehulehu. Eia nō naʻe, pono e pili pono kēia mau lāʻau āpau i kekahi o nā lula maʻamau a hiki wale nō ke hāʻawi ʻia e SUS.

Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ma Brazil

I ke kumumanaʻo i hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia e ka Ministry of Health^[1], e mahele ʻia ka lāʻau ʻana i ʻehā mau ʻāpana a hiki i nā hui nui nui, eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā mea hou e hiki ke hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻana ma 3 mau lā nui:

• Pae ʻekahi: nā limahana olakino, nā kānaka ma luna o 75, nā ʻōiwi a me nā poʻe ma kahi o 60 e noho nei i nā ʻoihana e wailana ʻia;
• Pae ʻelua: ʻo nā kānaka ma kahi o 60 e kanikau ʻia;
• Pae 3: e kanikau ʻia nā kānaka me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka makaʻu o ka maʻi nui e COVID-19, e like me ka maʻi kō, ka hanu kiʻekiʻe, nā maʻi ʻōpū, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;

Ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻulu pilikia nui, e loaʻa ana ka lāʻau kūʻē ʻana iā COVID-19 i ke koena o ka lehulehu.

ʻO nā lāʻau āpau i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana pilikia ʻana e Anvisa ʻo Coronavac, i hana ʻia e ka Butantan Institute me ka launa pū ʻana me Sinovac, a me AZD1222, i hana ʻia e ka hale hanaʻo AstraZeneca me ka hui pū ʻana me ke Kulanui o Oxford.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā bakuna ma Pokukala

ʻO ka papa hana hōʻoki ma Pokukala^[2] Kuhi e hoʻomaka i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hopena o Kekemapa, e pili ana i nā kulekele i ʻae ʻia e ka European Medicines Agency.

Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā hanana vaccination ʻekolu:

• Pae ʻekahi: nā ʻoihana olakino, nā limahana o nā hale hānai a me nā keʻena mālama, nā ʻoihana i nā pūʻali koa, nā pūʻali palekana a me nā poʻe ma luna o 50 a me nā maʻi e pili pū ana.
• Pae ʻelua: nā kānaka ma luna o 65 mau makahiki;
• Pae 3: heluna kanaka i koe.

E hoʻokaʻawale manuahi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā keʻena olakino a me nā kia lāʻau i loko o ka NHS.

Pehea e ʻike ai inā ʻoe he ʻāpana o kahi hui pilikia

E ʻike inā pili ʻoe i kahi hui i ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia COVID-19 koʻikoʻi, e lawe i kēia hoʻokolohua pūnaewele:

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E hoʻomaka i ka hoʻāʻo Moekolohe:

• Kāne kāne
• Wahine wahine

Makahiki: Kaona: Kiʻekiʻe: i nā mika. Loaʻa paha ʻoe i ka maʻi maʻi mau?

• Aʻole
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Kanesa
• Maʻi maʻi puʻuwai
• Nā ʻē aʻe

He maʻi paha kāu e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea?

• Aʻole
• Lupus
• Sclerosis lehulehu
• Anemia Sickle Cell
• HIV / AIDS
• Nā ʻē aʻe

Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi maʻi Down?

• ʻAe
• Aʻole

He puhipaka ʻoe?

• ʻAe
• Aʻole

He transplant kāu?

• ʻAe
• Aʻole

Hoʻohana ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau?

• Aʻole
• ʻO Corticosteroids, e like me Prednisolone
• Immunosuppressants, e like me Cyclosporine
• Nā ʻē aʻe

Mua aʻe

He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia hōʻike e hōʻike i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana inā pilikia ʻoe i ka COVID-19 a ʻaʻole ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻaʻole piʻi ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ma muli o ka mōʻaukala olakino pilikino, pili wale i nā maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka mamao o ka nohona, ka holoi ʻole ʻana i kou mau lima a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pale pale kanaka.

E nānā i nā mea āpau i hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou makaʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana iā COVID-19.

ʻO wai ka mea i loaʻa iā COVID-19 i hiki ke loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

ʻO ke kulekele hiki i nā kānaka āpau ke pale ākea me ka palekana, inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka maʻi COVID-19 ma mua. ʻOiai hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana e hoʻomohala ke kino i nā pale kūlohelohe kūʻē i ka maʻi virus ma ka liʻiliʻi he 90 mau lā, hōʻike pū kekahi mau noiʻi ʻē aʻe i ka pale ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka lāʻau āpau a 3 mau manawa ʻoi aku.

ʻO ka palekana āpau mai ka lāʻau āpau wale nō ke manaʻo ʻia he hana ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻia ʻana o nā lāʻau āpau o ka lāʻau āpau.

I nā hihia āpau, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau āpau a i ʻole i loaʻa i ka maʻi ma mua me COVID-19, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i nā hana pale pākahi, e like me ke kau ʻana i ka pale maka, ka holoi lima pinepine ʻana a me ka mamao o ka nohona.

Nā hopena ʻē aʻe

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻē aʻe o nā lāʻau āpau e kūʻē iā COVID-19. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā noiʻi ʻana me nā lāʻau āpau i hana ʻia e Pfizer-BioNTech a me ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o Moderna, pili pū kēia mau hopena:

• ʻO ka ʻeha ma ke kahua ʻokiʻoki;
• Luhi nui loa;
• ʻEha poʻo poʻo;
• Dos muscular;
• Fiva a me nā anuanu;
• ʻEha hui.

Kūlike kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao i nā lāʻau āpau ʻē aʻe, e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau flu maʻamau, e laʻa me.

Ke piʻi nei ka nui o ka poʻe, manaʻo ʻia e ʻike ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, e like me nā hopena anaphylactic, keu hoʻi i ka poʻe i maʻalahi ka noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kaʻina.

ʻO wai ka mea ʻaʻole e loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūʻē iā COVID-19 i ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o nā hopena maʻi ʻino i nā mea āpau o ka lāʻau āpau. Hoʻohui ʻia, pono e hana i ka pale ʻana ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana o ke kauka iā ia ma nā hihia o nā keiki ma lalo o 16 mau makahiki, nā wahine hāpai a me nā wahine hānai.

ʻO nā mea maʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā pale pale pale a i ʻole nā ​​mea me nā maʻi autoimmune pono nō hoʻi e wailana ʻia ma lalo wale nō o ka mālama a ke kauka lapaʻau.

E hoʻāʻo i kou ʻike

E hoʻāʻo i kou ʻike no ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19 a noho ma luna o kahi wehewehe o kekahi o nā kaʻao maʻamau.

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COVID-19 vaccine: hoʻāʻo i kou ʻike!

E hoʻomaka i ka hoʻāʻo Ua hoʻomohala koke ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke palekana.

• ʻOiaʻiʻo. Ua hoʻomohala koke ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻaoʻao āpau.
• Wahaheʻe. Ua hoʻomohala koke ʻia ka lāʻau āpau akā ua hana ʻia i loko o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kona palekana.

Kūpono nui ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kumu o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, e like me ka autism a i ʻole infertility.

• ʻOiaʻiʻo. Nui nā hōʻike o ka poʻe i hoʻomohala i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau āpau.
• Wahaheʻe. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻonāukiuki wale ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hopena ʻoluʻolu wale nō, e like me ka ʻeha ma ka pūnaewele injection, ke kuni, ka luhi a me ka ʻeha o ka mākala, i nalo i kekahi mau lā.

ʻO ka mea i loaʻa iā COVID-19 pono pū kekahi e loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

• ʻOiaʻiʻo. Pono e hana i ka hana kūʻē kūʻē iā COVID-19 e nā poʻe āpau, ʻo ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
• Wahaheʻe. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa iā COVID-19 pale i ka maʻi maʻi a ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa ka lāʻau āpau.

ʻAʻole pale ka lāʻau āpau o ka maʻi flu maʻamau i COVID-19.

• ʻOiaʻiʻo. Pale wale ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻemaʻe flu i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka maʻi hoʻomaʻi like influenza.
• Wahaheʻe. Pale aku ka lāʻau hoʻomaʻemaʻe flu mai nā ʻano o nā mea ʻino, e like me ka coronavirus hou.

ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mālama hou ʻana, e like me ka holoi lima ʻana a i ʻole ke ʻaahu ʻana i ka pale maka.

• ʻOiaʻiʻo. Mai ka manawa e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka lāʻau ʻana, ʻaʻohe makaʻu o ka hopu ʻana i ka maʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻi o ka lawe ʻana iā ia, a ʻaʻohe mālama hou e pono ai.
• Wahaheʻe. ʻO ka pale i loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kekahi mau lā e kū ma hope o ka hopena hope. Eia hou, mālama ka mālama ʻana e kōkua i ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka maʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka lāʻau.

Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau COVID-19 ke kumu i ka maʻi ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana.

• ʻOiaʻiʻo. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau āpau e kūʻē iā COVID-19 i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi maʻi i hiki ke hoʻopau i ka maʻi, keu hoʻi i ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali.
• Wahaheʻe. ʻOiai nā lāʻau āpau e hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana o ka maʻi, hoʻohana i kahi ʻano inactivated i hiki ʻole ke kumu i kekahi ʻano maʻi i ke kino.

Mua aʻe