Pehea e lawe ai i ka coronavirus hou (COVID-19)

Anter

• 1. ʻUha a me ka ʻino
• 2. Hoʻopili me nā papa i hoʻohaumia ʻia
• 3. Ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka haʻi-waha
• Hoʻololi COVID-19
• Pehea e kiʻi ʻole ai i ka coronavirus
• Hiki paha ke hopu i ka maʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa?

ʻO ka lawe ʻana o ka coronavirus hou, kuleana no COVID-19, hana nui ʻia ma o ka hanu ʻia ʻana o nā kulu o ka lawai a me nā huna hanu i hiki ke kau ʻia i ka lewa ke ʻāʻū a sneeze paha ke kanaka me COVID-19.

No laila, he mea nui e lawe ʻia nā hana pale, e like me ka holoi ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai, e hōʻalo ana i ka noho ʻana i loko o ka hale me nā poʻe he nui a me ka uhi ʻana i kou waha a me ka ihu i nā manawa a pau e pono ai ʻoe e sneeze a i ʻole ka ʻū.

ʻO Coronavirus kahi ʻohana o nā mea ʻino e pili ana i nā loli hanu ʻana, kahi e maʻa mau ai ke kuni, ka puʻu nui a me ka hanu paʻakikī. E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā coronaviruses a me nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻo COVID-19.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka lawe ʻana o ka coronavirus hou ma o:

1. ʻUha a me ka ʻino

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka lawe ʻana o COVID-19 ma o ka huki ʻana i nā kulu o ka lawai a i ʻole nā ​​huna hanu, i hiki ke loaʻa i ka lewa no kekahi mau kekona a i ʻole mau minuke ma hope o ke kuʻemaka ʻana a me ka hiʻu ʻana o kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi simptomatik.

Hōʻike kēia ʻano lawe i ka nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi a, no laila, ua hoʻolaha ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) ma ke ʻano he kumu nui o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o COVID-19, a me nā ana e like me ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i ka pale pale pilikino pākahi ma lehulehu, e hōʻalo i ka noho ʻana i loko o ka hale me ka nui o ka poʻe a uhi mau i kou waha a me ka ihu ke pono ʻoe e kao a hiʻu paha ma ka home.

Wahi a kahi hoʻokolokolo a ka National Institute of Infectious Diseases o Iapana ^[3], aia kahi manawa he 19 iʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopu ʻana i ka maʻi ma loko o ka hale, ma mua o ka waho, no ka mea aia kahi pilina kokoke loa ma waena o nā poʻe a no kahi manawa lōʻihi.

2. Hoʻopili me nā papa i hoʻohaumia ʻia

ʻO ka launa ʻana me nā papa i hoʻohaumia ʻia kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka lawe ʻana o COVID-19, ʻoiai, e like me ka noiʻi i lawe ʻia ma United States. ^[2], hiki i ka coronavirus hou ke maʻi lele a hiki i ʻekolu mau lā ma kekahi mau papa:

• Pā lula a me ka kila kila: a i 3 mau lā;
• Keleawe: 4 hora;
• Kāleka: 24 hola.

Ke kau ʻoe i kou mau lima ma luna o kēia mau papa a laila ʻānai i kou alo, e ʻakaʻaka i kou maka a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha i kou waha, no ka laʻana, hiki paha ke lilo ʻoe i mea maʻi e ka maʻi, i hiki ke komo i loko o ke kino ma o nā membrane mucous o kou waha , maka a me ka ihu.

No kēia kumu, ua paipai ka WHO i ka holoi lima pinepine ʻana, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka noho ʻana i nā wahi lehulehu a i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka haumia me nā kulu wai mai ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka mimiki ʻana e haʻi. Hoʻohui, he mea nui nō ia e disinfect i nā wahi i nā manawa mau. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā papa ma ka home a ma ka hana e pale ai iā ʻoe iho mai COVID-19.

3. Ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka haʻi-waha

Ua mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi ma Pepeluali 2020 ma Kina ^[1] ua manaʻo pū kekahi e hiki i ka lawe ʻana o ka coronavirus hou ma o ke ala fecal-oral, ma ka hapanui o nā keiki, no ka mea, he 8 o nā keiki he 10 i komo i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he hopena maikaʻi no ka coronavirus i ka swal āpau a maikaʻi ʻole i ka pā ihu, e hōʻike ana hiki i ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke noho i loko o ka gastrointestinal tract. Eia hou, kahi noi hou loa mai Mei 2020 ^[4], hōʻike pū ʻia he hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka maʻi ma nā feces o 12 o 28 mau mākua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻike ʻia me COVID-19.

Ua hōʻoia pū kekahi nā kānaka noiʻi Sepania i ke kū ʻana o ka coronavirus hou i ka lua ^[5] a ʻike ʻia aia ʻo SARS-CoV2 ma mua o ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā hihia mua, e hōʻike ana e hele nei ka maʻi i waena o ka lehulehu. Ua mālama ʻia kahi noi ʻē aʻe ma Netherlands ^[6] kuhikuhi ʻia e ʻike i nā huna huna o ka maʻi i loko o ka wai hoʻonoe a hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi o nā hanana o kēia maʻi, i mea paha e hōʻike ʻia hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi ma nā feces.

Ma kahi aʻo ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia ma waena o Ianuali a me Malaki 2020 ^[8], i ka 41 o nā maʻi he 74 me ka SARS-CoV-2 maikaʻi pololei a me ka ihu, paʻa mau ka ihu ihu ma kahi o 16 mau lā, ʻoiai ka maikaʻi o ka swab swab ma kahi o 27 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona. hiki i ka swab ke hāʻawi i nā hualoaʻa kūpono e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o ke kino.

Hoʻohui, kahi aʻo ʻē aʻe ^[9] ua loaʻa i nā mea maʻi me ka maikaʻi SARS-CoV-2 rectal swab i ka helu o ka lymphocyte haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka pane nui ʻana i nā mumū a me nā loli ʻoi aku ka nui i ka maʻi, e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hōʻailona o COVID-19 i hōʻike maikaʻi.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka SARS-CoV-2 pololei hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻolālā maikaʻi e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2 i hōʻoia ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua molekole i hana ʻia mai ka swab nasal.

Ke aʻo ʻia nei kēia ala o ka lawe ʻana, akā naʻe ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā noiʻi i hōʻike ʻia i ke ola o kēia ala o ka maʻi, i hiki ke hana ʻia ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia, ka hoʻōha ʻia ʻana o nā droplets a i ʻole nā ​​aerosols i nā mea kanu wai a i ʻole ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā ʻāpana i hoʻohaumia ʻia me nā feces i loaʻa ka maʻi virus.

ʻOiai kēia mau hopena, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka lawe ʻana o ka fecal-oral, a ʻoiai inā lawa ka loiloi viral i loaʻa i loko o kēia mau laʻana e lawa ai ka maʻi, akā hiki nō paha ke nānā ʻia ka wai sewage i kumumanaʻo no ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o viral.

E hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka hopena o ka lawe a pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho mai COVID-19:

Hoʻololi COVID-19

Ma muli o ka maʻi RNA, he maʻa mau ia no ka SARS-CoV-2, ʻo ia ka maʻi he kuleana no ka maʻi, e hana i kekahi mau hoʻololi i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. Wahi a ka mutation i loaʻa, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lawena o ka maʻi, e like me ka hiki i ka lawe ʻana, ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau.

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻololi mutia i loaʻa ka hanohano ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia ma United Kingdom a he 17 mutations i hana ʻia i loko o ka maʻi a i ʻole ia manawa a he mea ia e hoʻoili hou ʻia ai kēia ʻano hou.

ʻO kēia no ka mea pili kekahi o kēia mau mutation i ka ʻāpana ke kuleana no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka protein i luna o ka maʻi o ka maʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā huna kanaka. No laila, ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana, hiki i ka virus ke hoʻopaʻa i nā hunaola me ka maʻalahi a hana i ka maʻi.

Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka SARS-CoV-2 ma ʻApelika Hema a me Brazil a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki o ka lawe a ʻaʻole pili pū kekahi i nā hihia ʻoi aku ka nui o COVID-19. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻia kahi mau aʻo hou ʻana e kōkua pono ai e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ma muli o kēia mau hoʻololi.

Pehea e kiʻi ʻole ai i ka coronavirus

I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka maʻi ʻo COVID-19, pono ʻia e ʻae i kahi papa hana pale e hoʻopili pū me:

• E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai, keu hoʻi ma hope o ke kāhea ʻana i kekahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi virus a i ʻole i manaʻo ʻia
• Hōʻalo i nā wahi paʻa a paʻa, no ka mea, i kēia mau kaiapuni hiki i ka virus ke pālahalaha hou aku a hiki i ka heluna nui o nā kānaka;
• E ʻaahu i nā pale pale pilikino e uhi i ka ihu a me ka waha a pale loa i ka lawe ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. I nā wahi me ka nui o ka maʻi o ka maʻi a no nā ʻoihana olakino e mālama nei i nā poʻe me ka coronavirus i manaʻo ʻia, paipai ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā masks N95, N100, FFP2 a i ʻole FFP3.
• Hōʻalo i ka launa ʻana me nā holoholona hihiu a i ʻole he maʻi paha, ʻoiai hiki ke lawe ma waena o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka;
• Hōʻalo i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā mea pilikino Loaʻa paha iā ia nā droplet o ka lawai, no ka laʻana, e like me nā mea ʻoki a me nā aniani.

Eia hou, ma ke ʻano he ala e pale aku ai i ka lawe ʻana, ke hoʻomohala nei ka World Health Organisation a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana e kiaʻi ai i nā kānalua a me nā hihia o ka maʻi coronavirus i mea e maopopo ai i ka virulence o ka maʻi a me ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana. E nānā i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hōʻalo i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka coronavirus.

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia maʻi i ka wikiō aʻe:

Hiki paha ke hopu i ka maʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa?

Aia, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hōʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻelua ma hope o ka maʻi mua. Eia nō naʻe, a e like me ka CDC^[7], haʻahaʻa loa ka makaʻu o ka hopu ʻana iā COVID-19, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā lā he 90 ma hope o ka maʻi mua. ʻO kēia no ka mea e hoʻopuka ke kino i nā mea pale e hōʻoia i ka pale kūlohelohe i ka maʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi no 90 mau lā.