Toxoplasmosis: he aha ia, ka lawe ʻana, nā ʻano a pehea e pale aku ai

Anter

• Pehea e hoʻoili ai
• Ola ola o Toxoplasma gondii
• Nā hōʻailona nui
• Nā ʻano o ka toxoplasmosis
• 1. ʻO ka toxoplasmosis Ocular
• 2. ʻO ka toxoplasmosis kūpuna
• 3. Cerebrospinal a i ʻole meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis
• Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau
• Kāohi ʻana i ka toxoplasmosis

ʻO Toxoplasmosis, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka maʻi popoki, kahi maʻi lele i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), nona nā pōpoki e like me kāna mea hoʻokipa paʻa a me nā poʻe ma ke ʻano he mea waena. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole kumu ka maʻi i nā ʻōuli, akā inā he ʻōnaehana paleʻoniʻoni ko ke kanaka, hiki nō ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka maʻi.

Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia ka maʻi e ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai i haumia ʻia e nā cist a parasite a i ʻole ma o ka pili ʻana me nā feces o nā pōpoki i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia ka toxoplasmosis mai ka makuahine a ke keiki, akā hiki wale kēia ke ʻike ʻole ʻia ka maʻi i ka wā hāpai a ʻaʻole i hana pono ʻia ka lāʻau.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he kumu o nā hōʻailona, ​​he mea nui ia e ʻike ʻia a mālama pono ʻia nā lāʻau make e like me ke alakaʻi a ke kauka e pale ai i nā pilikia, e like me ka makapō, ka hopu ʻana a me ka make, no ka laʻana.

Pehea e hoʻoili ai

Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i ka Toxoplasmosis ma o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai maka a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, e like me kaʻiʻo maka ʻole a moa ʻole paha, i hoʻohaumia ʻia me nā feces mai nā pōpoki i pā ʻia a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia e nā parasite cista.

ʻAʻole lawa ka launa ʻana me nā pōpoki i loaʻa i ka maʻi no ka lawe ʻana i ka Toxoplasma gondii, pono ia i ke kanaka e launa me nā feces o kēia mau pōpoki no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e hiki mai, no ka mea hiki ke hana i ka haumia ma o ka inhalation a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i ke ʻano infective o ka parasite. No laila, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka pahu ʻōpoki o ka pōpoki me ka ʻole o nā ana palekana, hiki nō paha ke launa me ka ʻano infectious o ka parasite.

Mamuli o ka mea o ka infective ano o T. gondii hiki ke hoʻomau i ka infectious i ka lepo no nā wā lōʻihi, ʻo kekahi mau holoholona e like me nā hipa, nā bipi a me nā puaʻa, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e ka parasite, i komo i loko o nā pūnaewele ʻōpū o kēia mau holoholona.No laila, ke ʻai nei i ka ʻiʻo undercooked, hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻohaumia ʻia e Toxoplasma gondii. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻai ʻana o ka ʻiʻo maka, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i kaʻiʻo puhi ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​sausages i hana ʻole ʻia e like me nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono, a i ʻole ka wai hoʻohaumia ʻia hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he mau ala e lawe ai i ka parasite.

Hiki ke lawe i ka toxoplasmosis i ka wā hāpai ma o ka hele ʻana o ka parasite ma o ka placenta. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka hoʻoili ʻana i ke kūlana pale o ka wahine hāpai a me ke kahua o ka hāpai ʻana: ke hiki ka wahine i ka ʻekahi mua o ka hāpai ʻana a loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana paleʻoniʻoni, nui aʻe ka manawa o ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi i ka pēpē, akā noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hopena milder. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka toxoplasmosis i ka hāpai keiki.

Ola ola o Toxoplasma gondii

I ka poʻe ka T. gondii ʻelua ona hanana hoʻomohala, i kapa ʻia nā tachyzoites a me nā bradyzoites, ʻo ia ka form evolutionary i loaʻa i kaʻiʻo maka o nā holoholona. Hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ma ke kāhea ʻana i nā cist o ka parasite i loko o nā feces o nā pōpoki a i ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo maka a i ʻole undercooked i loaʻa i nā bradyzoites.

Hoʻokuʻu nā cysts ʻelua a me nā bradyzoites i nā sporozoite e komo i loko o nā hunaola o ka ʻōpū a komo i kahi kaʻina ʻokoʻa i nā tachyzoites. Hana kope kēia mau tachyzoites a hoʻopilikia i nā hunaola, hiki ke pālahalaha i ke kino a komo i nā kino ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i nā cist i loaʻa nā tachyzoites. I nā wahine hāpai, ma hope o ka hoʻohaunaele o nā hunaola, hiki i nā tachyzoites keʻaʻa i ka placenta a hiki i ka pēpē, a laila loaʻa ka maʻi.

Nā hōʻailona nui

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole kumu nā toxoplasmosis i nā ʻōuli, akā inā haʻahaʻa ka pale o ke kanaka hiki i nā ʻōuli e like me nā maʻi ʻino ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi influenza a me dengue, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻo ia paha nā mea nui:

• ʻO ka ʻōlelo ma o ke kino, ma ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī.
• Fiva;
• ʻEha puʻupuʻu a me ka ami pū.
• Māluhiluhi;
• ʻEha poʻo ʻeha a ʻeha hoʻi;
• Nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma ke kino;
• ʻIke paʻakikī.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōuli i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka nāwaliwali o ka pale, e like me ka poʻe i loaʻa ka chemotherapy no ka maʻi ʻaʻai, i hana i nā transplants, nā mea lawe i ka maʻi HIV, a i ʻole nā ​​wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi i ka wā hāpai.

I nā hihia ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, hiki i ka toxoplasmosis ke hōʻino i ka hana o nā meaola e like me ka mumū, ka puʻuwai, ka ate a me ka lolo, a ʻo nā ʻōuli o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi he luhi nui loa, hiamoe, hoʻopunipuni a hoʻemi i ka ikaika a me nā neʻe o ke kino. ʻIke pehea e ʻike ai i nā ʻōuli o ka toxoplasmosis.

Nā ʻano o ka toxoplasmosis

ʻ Toxoplasma gondii hiki iā ia ke pālahalaha ma o ke kahe o ke koko, keu hoʻi i ka wā i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ke kino o ke kanaka a i ʻole ke hoʻomaka pono ʻole ʻia ka lāʻau no ka maʻi. No laila, hiki i ka parasite ke hōʻea i hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o nā meaola, e hāpai ana i kekahi mau pilikia a me nā hopena o ka maʻi, e like me:

1. ʻO ka toxoplasmosis Ocular

Hana ʻia ka toxoplasmosis Ocular ke hiki aku ka parasite i ka maka a hoʻopili i ka retina, e hoʻoulu ana i ka mumū e hiki ai i ka makapō ke mālama ʻole ʻia i ka manawa. Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hoʻopili i nā maka ʻelua, a ʻokoʻa ka ʻike maka ʻana i kēlā me kēia maka, me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hihiʻo, ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeha o ka maka.

ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia pilikia ma muli o ka hopena o ka maʻi i ka wā hāpai, akā hiki nō ke hana ʻia i ka poʻe me ka ʻōnaehana paleʻoniʻoni ʻoi loa, ʻoiai pinepine ʻole ia.

2. ʻO ka toxoplasmosis kūpuna

ʻO Toxoplasmosis i ka hāpai hāpai ke kumu o ka toxoplasmosis congenital, ʻo ia ka manawa i maʻi ʻia ka pēpē me kēia maʻi ʻoiai i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine. Hiki i ka Toxoplasmosis i ka hāpai keiki ke hopena i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, e like me nā malformations o ka pēpē, kaupaona hānau haʻahaʻa, hānau mua ʻole, hāpai keiki a make paha ka pēpē i ka wā hānau.

Hoʻololi nā hopena o ka pēpē e like me ka nui o ka makahiki hānau kahi i loaʻa ai ka maʻi, me ka nui o nā pilikia ke hiki mai ka maʻi ma kahi kokoke i ka hopena o ka hāpai ʻana, me ka nui o ka maka o ka maka, ka maʻi ʻeha, hoʻonui ʻia ke ake, anemia, loli ka naʻau, hoʻoluliluli a me nā hoʻololi hanu. Hoʻohui ʻia, aia paha he mau hoʻololi neurological, hoʻolōʻihi i ka noʻonoʻo, kuli, micro a macrocephaly paha, e laʻa me.

3. Cerebrospinal a i ʻole meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis

ʻO kēia ʻano toxoplasmosis ʻoi aku ka pinepine i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi SIDA a pili pinepine ʻia i ka hana hou ʻana o nā cista o ka maʻi SIDA. T. gondii i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi latent, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka poʻe i loʻohia a mālama ʻia, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia ka parasite mai ke kino, e ʻae iā ia e huakaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo.

ʻO nā ʻōuli nui o kēia ʻano toxoplasmosis ka maʻi poʻo, ke kuni, ka nalowale ʻana o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mākala, ka huikau o ka noʻonoʻo, ka haunaele a me ka luhi nui. Inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka maʻi a mālama ʻia, hiki i ke koma a me ka make.

Pehea e hana ai i ka lāʻau

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka toxoplasmosis ke loaʻa i ke kanaka nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi, ʻoiai ʻo nā lāʻau i hōʻike ʻia hiki ke lilo i mea ʻona ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. No laila, paipai ʻia ka lapaʻau ʻana i nā hihia hōʻailona a i nā wahine hāpai i ʻike ʻia me ka maʻi.

Pono e hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana i ka toxoplasmosis ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi, a hana ʻia ka hōʻailona ma o kahi hoʻokolohua koko e hōʻike ana i ke ola o IgG a me IgM nā mea ʻino i loko o ke kino, i hana ʻia e hakakā i ka protozoan e kumu ai ka maʻi.

Kāohi ʻana i ka toxoplasmosis

I mea e pale aku ai i ka toxoplasmosis, he mea nui e mālama i kekahi mau akahele, e like me:

• Pau ka wai inu, kānana a minerala paha;
• Hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi i kaʻiʻo a pale i ka ʻai ʻana o kaʻiʻo laha ʻole i nā hale ʻaina;
• Hōʻalo i ka launa ʻana me nā pōpoki ʻike ʻole ʻia a holoi maikaʻi i kou mau lima inā pili ʻoe i nā holoholona āu i ʻike ʻole ai;
• E komo i ka mīkina lima ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pahu litter a hōʻiliʻili i nā feces o ka pōpoki.

ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa nā holoholona e pono iā lākou e lawe iā lākou i ka veterinarian no nā hoʻokolohua e hana ʻia e ʻike ai i ka parasite toxoplasmosis a me ka deworming o ka holoholona, ​​e hōʻalo ana i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā lāʻau ʻona a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.