ʻO Titanium Dioxide i ka meaʻai - Pono ʻoe e hopohopo?

Anter

• Hoʻohana a me nā pono
• Ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai
• Ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka wahī
• Nā mea hoʻonani
• Nā pilikia
• ʻO ka carcinogen hui 2B
• Hoʻohui
• Hoʻohui ʻōhua
• Toxicity
• Nā hopena ʻaoʻao
• Pono ʻoe e ʻalo iā ia?
• Ke laina lalo

Mai nā kala i nā mea ʻono, ʻike nui nā poʻe he nui i nā mea hana i kā lākou meaʻai.

ʻO kekahi o nā pigment meaʻai e hoʻohana ākea nui ʻia ka titanium dioxide, kahi pauka ʻaʻohe onaona e hoʻonui ai i ke kala keʻokeʻo a i ʻole opacity o nā meaʻai a me nā huahana ʻoi loa aku, e like me nā kalima kope, nā ʻākena, ka pale lā, a me nā niho ʻāpala (,).

Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka titanium dioxide i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka keʻokeʻo o ka pena, nā lula, a me nā huahana pepa, ʻoiai ua ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻano mai nā papa papaʻai i hoʻohana ʻia i ka meaʻai (,).

Eia nō naʻe, noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe inā palekana ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Loiloi kēia ʻatikala i nā hoʻohana, nā pono, a me ka palekana o ka titanium dioxide.

Hoʻohana a me nā pono

Nui nā kumu o ka Titanium dioxide i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka huahana.

Ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai

Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai lūlū māmā, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka titanium dioxide i kekahi mau meaʻai e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou kala keʻokeʻo a i ʻole opacity (,).

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā titanium dioxide ʻai papa ma kahi o 200-300 nanometers (nm) i ke anawaena. ʻAe kēia nui i ka lūlū ʻana i ke kukui kūpono, i ka hopena i ke kala maikaʻi loa ().

E hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai, pono kēia mea hoʻohui i 99% maʻemaʻe. Eia nō naʻe, haʻalele kēia i kahi lumi no nā mea poke kūpono e like me ke kēpau, arsenic, a i ʻole mercury ().

ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau me ka titanium dioxide ka nau ʻana i ka gum, nā candies, nā pā, nā kokoleka, nā mea kalima kope, a me nā mea hoʻonani keke (,).

Ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka wahī

Hoʻohui ʻia ka Titanium dioxide i kekahi mau pūʻolo meaʻai e mālama ai i ke ola o kahi huahana.

Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala i loko o kēia mea hoʻohui e hoʻemi i ka hana ethylene i ka hua, no laila ke hoʻopaneʻe nei i ke kaʻina pala a hoʻolōʻihi i ka ola ().

Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻōpala i kahi hana antibacterial a me photocatalytic, a ʻo ka mea hope e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻike ultraviolet (UV) ().

Nā mea hoʻonani

Hoʻohana ākea ʻia ka Titanium dioxide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui kala i nā mea hoʻonani a me nā huahana over-the-counter e like me lipsticks, sunscreens, toothpaste, cream, a me nā pauka. ʻIke ʻia ma ke ʻano he nano-titanium dioxide, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mana papa-ʻai ().

He mea nui ia i ka pale o ka lā no ka mea he kūʻē kūʻē UV a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā kukuna o ka lā a UVA a me UVB mai ka hōʻea ʻana i kou ʻili ().

Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea he photosensitive - ʻo ia hoʻi hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka hana radical manuahi - uhi ʻia ia i ka silica a i ʻole alumina e pale aku ai i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka pūnaewele me ka ʻole o ka hōʻemi ʻana i kāna UV-pale (

ʻOiai ʻaʻole makemake ʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani no ka ʻai ʻana, aia kekahi hopohopo e hoʻopau ʻia a lawe ʻia paha i loko o ka ʻili ka titanium dioxide i ka lipstick a me ka niho ʻāpala.

Ma muli o kona hiki ke nānā aku i nā kukui, hoʻohana ʻia ka titanium dioxide i nā huahana a me nā mea hoʻonani e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ko lākou kala keʻokeʻo a pale i nā kukuna ultraviolet.

Nā pilikia

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ulu nā manaʻo hopohopo no nā pilikia o ka titanium dioxide ʻai.

ʻO ka carcinogen hui 2B

Hoʻonohonoho ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i ka dioxide titanium e like me ka ʻike maʻamau ʻo Safe (7).

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ua helu ʻia e ka International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ma ke ʻano he carcinogen Pūʻulu 2B - he agena paha e carcinogenike akā nele i ka lawa holoholona a me ka noiʻi kanaka. ʻO kēia ka mea i hopohopo no kona palekana i nā huahana meaʻai (8, 9).

Hāʻawi ʻia kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi holoholona e komo ana i loko o ka lepo o ka titanium dioxide lepo paha ka ulu o nā tumors lung. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ʻo IARC ʻaʻole nā ​​huahana meaʻai i loaʻa i kēia mea hoʻohui i kēia pilikia (8).

No laila, i kēia lā, koi wale lākou e kaupalena i ka inhalation titanium dioxide i nā ʻoihana me ka nui o ka lepo, e like me ka hana ʻana i ka pepa (8).

Hoʻohui

Aia kekahi hopohopo e pili ana i ka ʻili a me ka lawe ʻana o ka ʻōpū o nā nanoparticle titanium dioxide, i emi ma mua o 100 nm ke anawaena.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi noiʻi hoʻowali liʻiliʻi e lawe ʻia kēia mau nanoparticle e nā hunaola ʻōpū a hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia i ke koʻikoʻi oxidative a me ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe i kaupalena ʻia i nā hopena (,,).

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi noiʻi ma 2019 e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka titanium dioxide ʻai nui a ʻaʻole nā ​​nanoparticle. No laila, hoʻoholo nā mea kākau i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka titanium dioxide i ka meaʻai me ka maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻohe pilikia i ke olakino kanaka ().

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻaʻole i hala nā titopolo dioxide nanoparticles i ka papa mua o ka ʻili - ka stratum corneum - a ʻaʻole carcinogenic (,).

Hoʻohui ʻōhua

Ua ʻike kekahi mau noiʻi ma nā ʻiole i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka titanium dioxide i loko o ke ake, nā ʻāpala, a me nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO kēlā, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā noiʻi e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea āu e maʻa mau ai, e paʻakikī ana e ʻike inā kū kēia mau hopena i nā kānaka ().

ʻO ka loiloi 2016 e ka European Food Safety Authority ua hoʻopau ʻo ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka titanium dioxide he haʻahaʻa loa ia a ʻo nā mea i lawe ʻia i lawe ʻia e nā feces (14).

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike lākou ua komo nā pae liʻiliʻi o 0,01% e nā hunaola pale - i ʻike ʻia me nā kiko o ka limaphoid e pili ana i ka ʻōpū - a hiki ke lawe ʻia i nā ʻokana ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole maopopo pehea ka hopena o kēia i ke olakino kanaka (14).

ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā noiʻi a hiki i kēia lā ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka titanium dioxide, loaʻa kekahi mau haʻawina kanaka lōʻihi. No laila, pono ka noiʻi hou e hoʻomaopopo pono i kāna kuleana i ke olakino kanaka (,).

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Titanium dioxide ma ke ʻano he carcinogen Pūʻulu 2B e like me nā noiʻi holoholona i hoʻopili ʻia i kona inhalation i ka ulu ulu pūhū. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe noiʻi e hōʻike i ka titanium dioxide i ka meaʻai e hōʻino ai i kou olakino.

Toxicity

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki i nā huahana ke loaʻa ma mua o 1% titanium dioxide i ke kaupaona, a ma muli o kona hiki ke lūlū i nā kukui, pono wale nā ​​mea hana meaʻai e hoʻohana i nā mea liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ai nā hopena i makemake ʻia ().

Pau nā keiki ma lalo o 10 mau makahiki i ka hapa nui o kēia mea hoʻohui, me ka awelika o 0,08 mg i ka paona (0.18 mg per kg) o ke kaumaha o ke kino i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hoʻohālikelike, hoʻopau ka makahiki maʻamau i ka 0.05 mg i ka paona (0.1 mg i kēlā me kēia kg) i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai ke ʻokoʻa kēia mau helu (, 14).

ʻO kēia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lawe ʻana i nā pastry a me nā candies e nā keiki, a me ko lākou kino liʻiliʻi ().

Ma muli o ka palena o ka noiʻi i loaʻa, ʻaʻohe ʻae ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā Intake (ADI) no ka titanium dioxide. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi loiloi hohonu e ka European Security Food Authority i kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nāʻiole i pau i ka 1,023 mg i ka paona (2,250 mg per kg) i kēlā me kēia lā (14).

Eia nō naʻe, pono hou ʻia ka noiʻi kanaka.

Pau nā keiki i ka dioxide ʻoi loa ma muli o ka nui o ka prevalence i nā candies a me nā pā. Pono e noiʻi hou aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ADI.

Nā hopena ʻaoʻao

Aia ka noiʻi palena iki e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka titanium dioxide, a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ke ala o ke komo (,,):

• Hoʻohana waha. ʻAʻohe hopena pili i ʻike ʻia.
• Nā Maka. Hiki i ka hui ke hoʻonāukiuki iki.
• Inhalation. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hanu ʻana i ka lepo titanium dioxide i ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā i nā noiʻi holoholona.
• ʻIli. Hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki iki.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena e pili ana i ka inhalation o ka lepo titanium dioxide. No laila, aia nā pae ʻoihana i kahi e kaupalena ai i ka hōʻike ().

ʻAʻohe hopena pili i ʻike ʻia o ka ʻai ʻana i ka dioxide titanium. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike nā noiʻi holoholona i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o kāna lepo i pili i ka maʻi ʻaʻai māmā.

Pono ʻoe e ʻalo iā ia?

I kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia ka titanium dioxide palekana no ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Hoʻoholo ka hapa nui o ka noiʻi he haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka mea i ʻai ʻia mai ka meaʻai a ʻaʻole ia he mea e makaʻu ai i ke olakino kanaka (,, 14).

Eia nō naʻe, inā makemake ʻoe e hōʻalo i kēia mea hoʻohui, e heluhelu pono i ka meaʻai a inu pono i nā lepili. ʻO ka nau ʻana i ka nau, nā pā, nā kanakē, nā mea kalima kope, a me nā mea hoʻonaninani keke nā meaʻai maʻamau me ka titanium dioxide.

E hoʻomanaʻo aia paha he mau ʻano kālepa a i ʻole nā ​​inoa generic no ka hoʻohuihui e papa inoa ai nā mea hana ma kahi o "titanium dioxide," no laila e hoʻomaopopo pono iā ʻoe iho (17).

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka titanium dioxide aia i ka hapanui o nā meaʻai i hana ʻia, maʻalahi e hōʻalo ma ke koho ʻana i kahi papaʻai o nā meaʻai āpau, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia.

ʻOiai ʻike ʻia he titanium dioxide ka palekana, makemake paha ʻoe e hōʻalo iā ia. ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau me nā mea hoʻohui e pili ana i ka chewing gum, nā pā, nā mea kalima kope, a me nā mea hoʻonani keke.

Ke laina lalo

ʻO ka Titanium dioxide kahi mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā huahana meaʻai he nui a me ka mea hoʻonani, pena, a me nā huahana pepa.

ʻO nā meaʻai me ka titanium dioxide ka mea maʻamau nā candies, nā pā, nā nau ʻana i ka nau, nā kalima kope, nā kokoleka, a me nā mea hoʻonani keke.

ʻOiai aia kekahi mau hopohopo palekana, ʻike nui ʻia ka titanium dioxide i kahi palekana e ka FDA. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻaʻole ʻai kokoke i ka lawa e hāʻawi i kekahi pōʻino hiki ke hiki.

Inā makemake ʻoe e hōʻalo i ka dioxide titanium, e ʻike pono e heluhelu pono i nā lepili a pili pono i ka meaʻai holoʻokoʻa i hana liʻiliʻi ʻia.