8 mau pilikia thyroid maʻamau a pehea e ʻike ai

Anter

• 1. Hyperthyroidism a i ʻole Hypothyroidism
• 2. Thyroiditis - Ka hoʻohaunaele o ka thyroid
• 3. ʻO ka thyroiditis o Hashimoto
• 4. ʻO ka thyroiditis postpartum
• 5. ʻO Goiter
• 6. maʻi ʻo Graves
• 7. ʻO ka nodule thyroid
• 8. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid
• Pehea e ʻike ai i nā pilikia thyroid

ʻO ka thyroid kahi gland i loko o ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāʻī, a he kuleana nui ia i ke kōkua ʻana e hoʻokele i ka metabolism a me ke kaulike o nā meaola, e pili ana i ka hana kūpono o ka puʻuwai, ka lolo, ka ate a me nā puʻupaʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohuli pū ka thyroid i ka ulu ʻana, ka pōʻai paʻapū, ka momona, kaupaona a me ke kūlana naʻau.

Hiki i kēia mau hopena ke hoʻokuʻu ka thyroid i nā hormona T3 a me T4 i loko o ke kahe o ke koko, hiki ke pālahalaha i loko o ke kino. Mālama ʻia ka thyroid e ka pituitary gland, aia kekahi gland i loko o ka lolo, a laila, kaohi ʻia e kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo i kapa ʻia ʻo hypothalamus. No laila, hiki i nā loli i kekahi o kēia mau ʻāina ke hana i nā pilikia a me nā ʻōuli e pili ana i ka thyroid.

Hiki i ka hana thyroid ke hana ma muli o nā pilikia, a ʻo ka loiloi o ke kauka wale nō e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale a hōʻoia iā lākou, eia nō naʻe kekahi o nā mea maʻamau.

1. Hyperthyroidism a i ʻole Hypothyroidism

ʻO ka hypo a me ka hyperthyroidism nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā loli i nā pae hormonone e hūnā ʻia e ka thyroid, a hiki ke loaʻa i ka congenital, autoimmune, nā mumū a i ʻole nā ​​kumu ʻē aʻe i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​hopena ʻaoʻao o nā mālama.

Ma ka laulaha, i ka hyperthyroidism aia ka hoʻonui o ka hana ʻana o nā homone T3 a me T4 a me ka emi o TSH, ʻoiai ma ka hypothyroidism ka emi ʻana o T3 a me T4 me ka hoʻonui ʻia o TSH, eia nō naʻe, aia nō he mau ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ke kumu. .

E aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻōuli e hōʻike nei i kēia mau maʻi, e nānā i nā ʻōuli e hōʻike ana i nā pilikia thyroid.

2. Thyroiditis - Ka hoʻohaunaele o ka thyroid

ʻO ka thyroiditis ka mumū o ka thyroid, i hiki ke hana ʻia no nā kumu like ʻole e like me nā maʻi viral, e like me coxsackievirus, adenovirus a me nā mumps a me nā virus virus, autoimmunity, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻona ʻana e kekahi mau lāʻau, e like me amiodarone.

Hiki i ka thyroiditis ke hōʻike iā ia iho i loko o kahi ʻano huʻihuʻi, subacute a i ʻole ke ʻano mau, a ʻo nā ʻōuli mai asymptomat a i ʻoi aku nā hōʻailona ʻoi aku ke kumu e ʻeha ai ka thyroid, paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana, ka fiva a me nā haʻalulu, e like me ke kumu. Hoʻomaopopo pehea ka hana ʻana o ka thyroiditis a me nā kumu nui.

3. ʻO ka thyroiditis o Hashimoto

ʻO ka thyroiditis o Hashimoto kahi ʻano o ka thyroiditis autoimmune mau, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka mumū, ka hōʻino ʻana o ka cell a laila hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana o ka thyroid, ʻaʻole hiki ke hūnā i nā hormona i loko o ke kahe o ke koko.

I kēia maʻi e hoʻonui pinepine ka thyroid i ka nui, ke kumu o ka goiter, a me nā ʻōuli o ka hypothyroidism a i ʻole ke kūlike i waena o nā manawa o ka hyper a me ka hypothyroidism. He maʻi maʻi autoimmune ia e hoʻoulu i nā mea ʻino e like me anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-TSH receptor (anti-TSHr). E ʻike i ka mālama ʻana ma ke kaomi ʻana ma aneʻi.

4. ʻO ka thyroiditis postpartum

ʻO ka thyroiditis postpartum kekahi o nā ʻano o ka thyroiditis autoimmune, e pili ana i nā wahine a hiki i ka 12 mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā wahine me ka maʻi diabetes type 1 a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi autoimmune ʻē aʻe.

I ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana, hōʻike ʻia ka wahine i nā aʻa o ka pēpē, a i mea e pale aku ai i ka hōʻole ʻana, hana ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā loli he nui, kahi e hoʻonui ai i nā manawa o ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi autoimmune. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻololi me nā ʻōuli o ka hypothyroidism, akā ʻaʻole pono ia i ka mālama maʻamau no ka mea hiki i ka hana thyroid ke hoʻi i maʻamau i 6 a 12 mau mahina.

5. ʻO Goiter

Hoʻonui ka Goiter i ka nui o ka nui o ka thyroid. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i kekahi mau kumu, e like me ka nele o ka iodine, ka mumū o ka thyroid ma muli o nā maʻi autoimmune a i ʻole ke hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā nodule i loko o ka thyroid, a hiki ke hana i nā ʻōuli e like me ka paʻa o ka puʻu, paʻakikī i ka ale ʻana, a me ka wai, a me nā ʻano hou aku. koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai paʻakikī ka hanu

He loli ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana e like me ke kumu, a pili paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka iodine, nā lāʻau no hyper a hypothyroidism a i ʻole, i nā hihia o nā nodule a me nā cist, a me ka hana o ke kahakaha thyroid E aʻo hou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka goiter, pehea e ʻike ai a mālama ai.

6. maʻi ʻo Graves

ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Graves kahi ʻano o hyperthyroidism ma muli o nā kumu autoimmune, a ma waho o nā ʻōuli o hyperthyroidism, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i kahi thyroid hoʻonui ʻia, nā maka e hoʻopā (palpebral retraction), hoʻokumu ʻia o nā pāka paʻakikī a ʻulaʻula hoʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili (myxedema).

Hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ka kaohi o nā pae hormone thyroid, me nā lāʻau e like me Propiltiouracil a i ʻole Metimazole, no ka laʻana, a i ʻole me ka iodine radioactive.E ʻike i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i nā hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi ma aneʻi.

7. ʻO ka nodule thyroid

ʻO ke kumu o ka helehelena o kahi cyst a nodule paha i ka thyroid ʻaʻole i ʻike mau ʻia. Nui a hewahewa nā nodule i loko o ka thyroid, a pōmaikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka hapa nui o lākou, a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma o ka puʻupuʻu ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻāʻī, ʻaʻole ia e ʻeha, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ale aku ke kanaka i ka meaʻai, no ka mea laʻana.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka palpation, a me nā hoʻāʻo e like me ultrasound, tomography a me ka thyroid scintigraphy, a i kekahi manawa kauoha paha ke kauka i kahi biopsy e ʻike i kona ʻano a inā he ʻano maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha. ʻO ka maʻamau, nānā wale ʻia ka nodule, koe wale nō ke loaʻa nā ʻōuli o ke kanaka, ke hiki i kahi maʻi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid a i ʻole ke hoʻololi ka nodule i kona helehelena a i ʻole ulu aʻe ma mua o 1 cm. E ʻike i nā kikoʻī hou aʻe ma ke kaomi ʻana ma aneʻi.

8. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid

ʻO ia ka tumero thyroid malignant, a ke ʻike ʻia, hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo, e like me ka scintigraphy o ke kino āpau e ʻike inā ua hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hana ʻia ka lapaʻau me ka hemo ʻana o ka thyroid ma o ke kaha ʻana, a aia paha he pono no nā mea kōkua ʻē aʻe e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka iodine radioactive, no ka laʻana. I nā hihia o nā tumors ʻoi loa a koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka radiotherapy. E ʻike i 7 mau ʻōuli e hōʻike ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid.

E nānā pū i kēia wikiō aʻe a aʻo i ka meaʻai e ʻai ai i ka mālama ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai thyroid.

Pehea e ʻike ai i nā pilikia thyroid

Hiki i nā hoʻāʻo ke hōʻike i ke kū ʻana o nā loli thyroid ke ana o T3, T4 a me TSH i loko o ke koko, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ke ana antibody, ultrasound, scintigraphy a i ʻole biopsy, i hiki ke kauoha ʻia e ka endocrinologist e noiʻi pono i ke kumu. no nā hoʻololi. E aʻo hou e pili ana i nā hoʻāʻo e loiloi i ka thyroid.