ʻŌnaehana Digestive: nā hana, nā aʻa a me ke kaʻina digestive

Anter

• Nā lālā o ka ʻōnaehana digestive
• Pehea e hana ai ka digestion
• 1. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lua oropharyngeal
• 2. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻōpū
• 3. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi
• He aha ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka digestion

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana digestive, i kapa ʻia ʻo digestive a i ʻole gastro-intestinal (SGI) kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana nui o ke kino o ke kanaka a he kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka lawe ʻana i nā meaola, e ʻae ana i ka hana kūpono o ke kino. Aia i kēia ʻōnaehana nā kino he nui, kahi e hana pū ai i mea e hana ai i nā hana nui aʻe:

• Paipai i ka digestion o nā polokina, nā huʻihāpā a me nā lipid i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu i hoʻopau ʻia.
• Hoʻokomo i nā wai a me nā micronutrients;
• Hāʻawi i kahi pale olakino a pilikino i nā microorganism, nā kino haole a me nā antigens i hoʻopau ʻia me ka meaʻai.

No laila, he kuleana ko ka SGI no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka metabolism a me ka ʻōnaehana pale, i mea e hoʻomau ai i ka hana kūpono o ka meaola.

Nā lālā o ka ʻōnaehana digestive

Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana digestive o nā mea ʻae e ʻae i ka conduction o ka meaʻai i inu ʻia a inu paha, a ma ke ala, ka lawe ʻana o nā meaola kūpono no ka hana kūpono o ka meaola. Hoʻonui ʻia kēia ʻōnaehana mai ka waha a i ka anus, me nā mea paʻa o ia mea:

1. Waha: kuleana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a hoʻēmi i ka nui o nā huna (particles) i hiki ai iā ia ke ʻai a mikioi me ka maʻalahi, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka huʻihu ʻana me ka lawā;
2. ʻEsopago: ke kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā wai mai ka hakahaka waha i ka ʻōpū;
3. ʻŌpū: he kuleana nui i ka mālama manawa pōkole a me ka digestion o ka meaʻai i ʻai ʻia;
4. ʻŌpū liʻiliʻi: kuleana no ka hapa nui o ka digestion a me ka omo o ka meaʻai a loaʻa nā huna huna mai ka pancreas a me ke akepaʻa, i kōkua i kēia kaʻina hana;
5. ʻŌpū nui: kahi e loaʻa ai ka omo o ka wai a me nā electrolytes. ʻO kēia koina ke kuleana no ka mālama manawa ʻana i nā huahana hopena o ka digestion e lilo i mea no ka synthes bacterial o kekahi mau huaora;
6. Rectum a me anus: ke kuleana no ka kaohi defecation.

Ma waho o nā ʻōpala, komo ka ʻōnaehana digestive i kekahi mau enzyme e hōʻoia i ka digestion pololei o ka meaʻai, nā mea nui:

• Salivary amylase, a i ʻole ptialina, ka mea i loaʻa i ka waha a kuleana no ka digestion mua o ka starch;
• Pepsin, ʻo ia ka enzyme nui i loko o ka ʻōpū a nona ke kuleana no ka haki ʻana o nā protein;
• Lipase, ʻo ia pū kekahi i loko o ka ʻōpū a hāpai i ka digestion mua o nā lipids. Hūnā ʻia hoʻi kēia enzyme e ka pancreas a hana i ka hana like;
• ʻO Trypsin, i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi a alakaʻi i ka haki ʻana o nā waikawa momona a me ka glycerol.

ʻAʻole hiki ke komo i ka hapa nui o nā meaola i ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe ma muli o kā lākou nui a i ʻole ʻo ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. No laila, ke kuleana o ka digestive system no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēia mau huna nui i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, soluble e hiki ke omo koke, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hana ʻana i nā enzyme digestive.

Pehea e hana ai ka digestion

Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana digestive me ke komo ʻana o ka meaʻai a mea inu paha a hoʻopau me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o nā feces. Hoʻomaka ka digestion o nā huehue i ka waha, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka digestion, ʻoiai ʻo ka digestion o nā protein a me nā lipids e hoʻomaka i ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka digestion o nā pākeke, nā protein a me nā momona i kahi o ka hapa o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻololi ka manawa digestion o ka meaʻai e like me ka nui o ka nui a me nā ʻano o ka meaʻai i hoʻopau ʻia, a hiki ke hala i 12 mau hola no kēlā me kēia pāʻina, no ka laʻana.

1. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lua oropharyngeal

I ka waha, wili a kuʻi nā niho i ka meaʻai i ʻai ʻia i nā huna liʻiliʻi a hoʻomaʻū ʻia ka keke meaʻai e ka lawaiʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi enzyme digestive, salivary amylase a i ʻole ptialin, nāna e hoʻomaka i ka digestion o ka starch i lilo i nā carbohydrates. ʻO ka digestion o ka starch i ka waha e ka hana a amylase he mea liʻiliʻi ia a kāohi ʻia kāna hana i loko o ka ʻōpū ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā mea acidic.

Hele ka bolus ma o ka pharynx, ma lalo o ka mana o ka manawaleʻa ʻana, a me ka esophagus, ma lalo o ka mana ʻole, a hiki i ka ʻōpū, kahi i hui pū ʻia me nā huna ʻōpū.

2. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻōpū

I loko o ka ʻōpū, waiwai nā mea huna i hana ʻia i ka waikawa hydrochloric a me nā enzyme a hui pū ʻia me ka meaʻai. I ke alo o ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū, pepsin, ʻo ia kekahi o nā enzyme i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū, hūnā ʻia i kona ʻano hana ʻole (pepsinogen) a hoʻohuli ʻia i pepsin e ka hana a ka hydrochloric acid. He mea nui kēia enzyme i ke kaʻina digestion protein, hoʻololi i kona ʻano a me ka nui. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana o pepsin, aia kekahi hana, i kahi liʻiliʻi, o lipase, kahi enemi kuleana no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mua o nā lipids.

He mea nui nā huna Gastric i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka loaʻa o ka ʻōpū a me ka omo ʻana i ka lāʻau B12, calcium, iron a me zinc.

Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka meaʻai ma o ka ʻōpū, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka bolus i nā mea liʻiliʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi e like me nā contractions o ka ʻōpū. I ka hihia o nā meaʻai wai, ʻo ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma kahi o 1 a 2 mau hola, ʻoiai no ka ʻai paʻa paʻa ʻia ma kahi o 2 a 3 mau hola a ʻokoʻa e like me ka nui o ka nui a me nā ʻano o ka meaʻai i lawe ʻia.

3. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi

ʻO ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ka mea nui o ka digestion a me ka absorption o ka meaʻai a me nā mea momona a ua māhele ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: duodenum, jejunum a me ileum. I ka mahele mua o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka digestion a me ka omo ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai i ʻai ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka hana ʻana o ka enzyme e ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, pancreas a me ka gallbladder.

Hūnā ʻia ʻo Bile e ke akepaʻa a me ka gallbladder a kōkua i ka digestion a me ka omo ʻana i nā lipids, nā kolesterol a me nā wikamina hoʻōla momona. ʻO ka pancreas ke kuleana no ka hūnā ʻana i nā enzyme i hiki ke ʻānai i nā meaola nui āpau. ʻO nā enzyme i hana ʻia e ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā carbohydrates o ke kaupaona molakea haʻahaʻa a me nā peptides o ka waena a me ka nui, i hoʻohui ʻia me nā triglycerides i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia i nā waikawa momona a me nā monoglycerol.

Hoʻopau ka hapa nui o ke kaʻina hana digestive i ka duodenum a me ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka jejunum, a ʻo ka omo ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā mea momona e aneane pau i ka manawa e hiki ai ka mea i ka waena o ka jejunum. ʻO ke komo ʻana o nā meaʻai i hoʻohele hapa ʻia e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kekahi mau homona a, no laila, o nā enzyme a me nā wai e hoʻopilikia i ka motus gastrointestinal a me ka māʻona.

Ma loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi kokoke i nā macronutrients āpau, nā wikamina, nā minelala, nā kumuwaiwai a me nā wai e komo i mua o ka hiki ʻana i ke kolona. Hoʻokomo ke kolona a me ka pololei i ka hapa nui o ke koena i koe mai ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ke kolona i nā electrolytes a me kahi nui o ke koena o nā meaola.

ʻO nā olonā i koe, nā starches kūpale, ke kō a me nā amino acid e hū ʻia e ka palena palaki o ke kolona, ​​e hopena ana i nā waikawa momona momona a me ke kinoea. Kōkua nā mea momona momona pokole i ka hana mucosal maʻamau, hoʻokuʻu i kahi ikehu liʻiliʻi mai kekahi o nā koena o ka momona a me nā amino acid, a kōkua i ka lawe ʻana o ka paʻakai a me ka wai.

Lawe nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū i 3 a 8 mau hola e kiʻi ai i ke kiʻikuhi ileocecal, kahi e lawelawe ai i ka palena o ka nui o nā mea o ke kōpū e hele aʻe mai ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ke kolona a pale i kona hoʻi ʻana.

He aha ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka digestion

Nui a hewahewa nā kumu i hiki ke pale i ka digestion mai ka lawe pololei ʻia ʻana, a laila nā hopena i ke olakino o ke kanaka. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu i hiki ke hoʻopili i ka digestion:

• Ka nui a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā meaʻai i ʻai ʻia, no ka mea kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, wikiwiki a lohi paha ke kaʻina hana digestion, hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ka māʻona, no ka laʻana.
• Nā kumu noʻonoʻo, e like me ka helehelena, ʻala a me ka ʻono o ka meaʻai. ʻO kēia no ka mea e hoʻonui kēia mau sensation i ka hana o ka lawai a me nā huna huna mai ka ʻōpū, a ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka hana muscular o ka SGI, e hoʻowali maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ai ka meaʻai. I ke ʻano o nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, e like me ka makaʻu a me ke kaumaha, ʻo kahi laʻana, kū ka ʻaoʻao: aia kahi emi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā huna ʻōpū a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka naʻau peristaltic;
• Microbiota Digestive, ka mea e ʻeha ai ke keakea ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā lāʻau e like me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo, hoʻowalewale i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke koʻokoʻo, a i ʻole nā ​​hanana e alakaʻi i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka waikawa hydrochloric e ka ʻōpū, a ʻo ia ka hopena i gastritis
• Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻoiai ke ala e hoʻopau ai i ka meaʻai hiki ke hoʻopili i ka wikiwiki o ka digestion. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ʻai o nā meaʻai i hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma mua o nā mea i ʻai maka ʻia, no ka laʻana.

Inā ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻōuli e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana gastrointestinal, e like me ka nui o ke kinoea, ʻū ʻana ka puʻuwai, ka manaʻo o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ka paʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka palahī, no ka laʻana, he mea nui e hele i ka gastroenterologist e hana i nā hoʻokolohua i ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka nā ʻōuli a hoʻomaka i ka lapaʻau maikaʻi loa.