ʻO Pneomediastinum

Anter

• Nā kumu a me nā kumu pilikia
• Nā ʻōuli
• Kānāwai
• Nā koho lapaʻau a me nā hoʻokele
• ʻO Pneumomediastinum i nā keiki hānau hou
• Outlook

Hōʻike Overview

ʻO Pneumomediastinum ka lewa i waenakonu o ka pahu (ka mediastinum).

Noho ka mediastinum ma waena o nā māmā. Aia i loko o laila ka puʻuwai, ka gland, a me kahi o ka esophagus a me ka trachea. Hiki i ka lewa ke paʻa i kēia wahi.

Hiki i ka ea ke komo i waena o ka mediastinum mai kahi ʻeha, a i ʻole mai ka leakage i nā akemāmā, trachea, a i ʻole esophagus. ʻO ka pneumomediastinum Spontaneous (SPM) kahi ʻano o ke ʻano ʻaʻohe kumu maopopo.

Nā kumu a me nā kumu pilikia

Hiki i ka Pneumomediastinum ke kū aʻe ke piʻi kaomi i loko o nā akemāmā a hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻeke ʻea (alveoli). ʻO kekahi kumu ʻino ʻino e hōʻino ʻia i nā ake māmā a i ʻole nā ​​hale ʻē aʻe e ʻae ana i ka ea e hemo i waenakonu o ka umauma.

ʻO nā kumu o ka pneumomediastinum:

• he ʻeha ma ka umauma
• ʻoki kino i ka ʻāʻī, umauma, a i ʻole luna ʻōpū
• kahi waimaka i ka esophagus a i ʻole nā ​​mumū mai kahi ʻeha a me ke kaʻina hana
• nā hana e hoʻokūpī i nā māmā, e like me ka hoʻoikaika kino a hānau keiki paha
• kahi hoʻololi wikiwiki i ke kaomi mokulele (barotrauma), e like me ke piʻi wikiwiki ʻana i ka luʻu scuba
• nā kūlana e kumu ai i ka huehue ikaika, e like me ka hānō a me nā maʻi lolo
• hoʻohana o ka mīkini hanu
• hoʻohana i nā lāʻau hoʻohiamoe, e like me ka cocaine a i ʻole ka pakalōlō
• nā maʻi o ka umauma e like me ka maʻi puʻu
• nā maʻi e kumu i ka scarring māmā (interstitial lung maʻi)
• ka luaʻi
• ka maneuver Valsalva (puhi ikaika i kou wā e hāpai ana i lalo, kahi hana i hoʻohana ʻia e pop i kou mau pepeiao)

Kākaʻikahi loa kēia kūlana. Hoʻopili ia ma waena o 1 i 7,000 a me 1 i 45,000 o ka poʻe i ʻae ʻia i ka haukapila. hānau ʻia me ia.

ʻoi aku paha ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pneumomediastinum ma mua o nā mākua. ʻO kēia no ka mea he looser nā nāʻaʻa i loko o kā lākou umauma a hiki ke ʻae i ka ea e lele.

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e pili pū me:

• Hoohanau. Hana nā kāne i ka hapa nui o nā hihia (), keu hoʻi nā kāne i ko lākou 20s a 40s.
• Maʻi lolo. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka pneumomediastinum i ka poʻe me ka hānō a me nā maʻi pūpū ʻē aʻe.

Nā ʻōuli

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka pneumomediastinum ka ʻeha o ka umauma. Hiki koke mai kēia a kaumaha paha. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e like me:

• pokole o ka hanu
• hanu paʻakikī a pāpaʻu paha
• ʻūhā
• ʻeha ʻāʻī
• ka luaʻi
• pilikia i ka ale ʻana
• he leo ihu a kūpilikiʻi paha
• lewa ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka umauma (subcutaneous empysema)

Lohe paha kāu kauka i kahi kani crunching i ka manawa me kou puʻuwai puʻuwai ke hoʻolohe nei i kou umauma me kahi stethoscope. Kapa ʻia kēia inoa ko Hamman hōʻailona.

Kānāwai

Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻelua e hōʻoia i kēia ʻano:

• Computers tomography (CT). Hoʻohana kēia hoʻokolohua i nā kukuna X e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o kou mau māmā. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike inā aia ka ea i ka mediastinum.
• X-ray. Hoʻohana kēia hoʻokolohua kiʻi i nā kaha liʻiliʻi o ka radiation e hana ai i nā kiʻi o kou mau māmā. Hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumu o ka lele ʻana o ka lewa.

Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke nānā no kahi waimaka i loko o kāu esophagus a i ʻole mau māmā:

• ʻO Esophagogram kahi X-ray o ka esophagus i lawe ʻia ma hope o kou moni ʻana i ka barium.
• Hāʻalo ka esophagoscopy i kahi pahu i lalo o kou waha a ihu paha e ʻike i kou esophagus.
• Hoʻokomo ʻo Bronchoscopy i kahi ʻōmole lahilahi, kukui i kapa ʻia he bronchoscope i loko o kou ihu a waha paha e nānā ai i kāu mau kahawai.

Nā koho lapaʻau a me nā hoʻokele

ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka Pomomediastinum. E komo hou ka ea i loko o kou kino. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui i ka mālama ʻana iā ia ka mālama ʻana i kāu mau ʻōuli.

e noho pō i ka haukapila no ka nānā ʻana. Ma hope o kēlā, mālama ʻia nā:

• hoʻomaha moe
• nā mea hōʻeha ʻeha
• lāʻau kūpale anti-hopohopo
• lāʻau kohā
• antibiotics, inā pili ka maʻi

Pono paha kekahi poʻe i ka oxygen e kōkua iā lākou e hanu. Hiki i ka oxygen ke holo wikiwiki i ka reabsorption o ka lewa i ka mediastinum.

ʻO kēlā me kēia kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka ea, e like me ka hānō a i ʻole he maʻi lolo, e pono e mālama ʻia.

Hana pū ʻo Pneomediastinum i kekahi manawa me ka pneumothorax. ʻO kahi pneumothorax kahi māmā hāneʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka ea ma waena o nā māmā a me ka paia o ka umauma. Pono paha ka poʻe me ka pneumothorax i kahi pahu umauma e kōkua ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe i ka ea.

ʻO Pneumomediastinum i nā keiki hānau hou

Kākaʻikahi kēia ʻano i nā pēpē, e pili ana iā 0.1% wale nō o nā keiki hānau hou. Manaʻo nā kauka ua kumu ʻia ia e ka ʻokoʻa o ke kaomi ma waena o nā ʻeke ea (ke alveoli) a me nā aʻa a puni lākou. Piʻi ka lewa mai ka alveoli a komo i ka mediastinum.

ʻOi aku ka pinepine o ka pneumomediastinum i nā pēpē nāna:

• aia ma ka ʻenekini mīkini e kōkua iā lākou e hanu
• hanu i (aspirate) kā lākou ʻōpū mua (meconium)
• i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi ʻū aʻe

ʻO kekahi pēpē me kēia ʻano ʻaʻohe ʻōuli. Loaʻa i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe nā ʻōuli o ka hanu pilikia, me:

• hanu wikiwiki ʻole
• ʻūhū
• lapalapa ʻana o nā puka ihu

ʻO nā pēpē i loaʻa nā ʻōuli e loaʻa ka oxygen e kōkua iā lākou e hanu. Inā loaʻa i kahi maʻi i ke ʻano, e mālama ʻia ia me nā lāʻau ʻaloʻalo. Mālama pono ʻia nā pēpē ma hope e ʻike pono i ka lele ʻana o ka ea.

Outlook

ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻōuli e like me ka ʻeha o ka umauma a me ka pōkole o ka hanu e hiki ke makaʻu, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka maʻi pneumomediastinum. Hoʻonui pinepine ka pneumomediastinum kūlohelohe iā ia iho.

Ke hala ke ʻano, ʻaʻole hoʻi ia. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke lōʻihi a hoʻi paha inā ke kumu ia e ka hana pinepine (e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau) a i ʻole kahi maʻi (e like me ka hānō). I kēia mau hihia, pili ka nānā i ke kumu.